%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.103",
%%%     date            = "04 October 2024",
%%%     time            = "15:26:33 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "gamow-george.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "06872 19880 88900 888947",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "alpha--beta--gamma (Alpher--Bethe--Gamow)
%%%                        paper; bibliography; BibTeX; George Gamow;
%%%                        Gamow factor; Gamow shell model; Gamow
%%%                        states; Gamow vectors; Gamow--Teller beta+
%%%                        decay; Gamow--Teller modes; Gamow--Teller
%%%                        response; Gamow--Teller selection rule for
%%%                        beta decay; Gamow--Teller strength
%%%                        distribution; Gamow--Teller transitions; RNA
%%%                        Tie Club; Watson--Crick DNA model",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a bibliography of the works of the
%%%                        (astro, bio, nuclear, quantum, theoretical)
%%%                        physicist George A. (`Geo') Gamow (4 March
%%%                        1904 -- 19 August 1968), born Georgiy
%%%                        Antonovich Gamov in Odessa, Ukraine, and
%%%                        buried in the Green Mountain Cemetery in
%%%                        Boulder, Colorado, USA.
%%%
%%%                        Coverage is believed to be nearly complete,
%%%                        except for a few articles in Russian journals
%%%                        in the 1920s, and possibly, rarely-cataloged
%%%                        chapters in books.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.103, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1926 (   3)    1959 (   5)    1992 (   0)
%%%                             1927 (   3)    1960 (   3)    1993 (  11)
%%%                             1928 (   5)    1961 (  12)    1994 (   9)
%%%                             1929 (   8)    1962 (  13)    1995 (   5)
%%%                             1930 (   6)    1963 (   8)    1996 (   8)
%%%                             1931 (   5)    1964 (  10)    1997 (   8)
%%%                             1932 (  12)    1965 (   6)    1998 (   3)
%%%                             1933 (  13)    1966 (  14)    1999 (   2)
%%%                             1934 (  13)    1967 (  16)    2000 (   6)
%%%                             1935 (   7)    1968 (  13)    2001 (   8)
%%%                             1936 (   6)    1969 (   9)    2002 (  12)
%%%                             1937 (   3)    1970 (   2)    2003 (   1)
%%%                             1938 (  10)    1971 (   9)    2004 (   6)
%%%                             1939 (  14)    1972 (  25)    2005 (   9)
%%%                             1940 (  11)    1973 (   4)    2006 (   3)
%%%                             1941 (   8)    1974 (   0)    2007 (  17)
%%%                             1942 (  13)    1975 (   3)    2008 (   5)
%%%                             1943 (   2)    1976 (   2)    2009 (   5)
%%%                             1944 (   4)    1977 (   2)    2010 (   4)
%%%                             1945 (   4)    1978 (   0)    2011 (   7)
%%%                             1946 (   9)    1979 (   2)    2012 (  13)
%%%                             1947 (   8)    1980 (   1)    2013 (   4)
%%%                             1948 (  16)    1981 (   2)    2014 (   4)
%%%                             1949 (  14)    1982 (   0)    2015 (   0)
%%%                             1950 (   7)    1983 (   2)    2016 (   0)
%%%                             1951 (  10)    1984 (   0)    2017 (   2)
%%%                             1952 (   8)    1985 (   4)    2018 (   3)
%%%                             1953 (  13)    1986 (  10)    2019 (   1)
%%%                             1954 (  16)    1987 (   1)    2020 (   0)
%%%                             1955 (   9)    1988 (   4)    2021 (   1)
%%%                             1956 (  10)    1989 (   0)    2022 (   0)
%%%                             1957 (   6)    1990 (   7)    2023 (   1)
%%%                             1958 (   9)    1991 (   4)
%%%                             19xx (   1)
%%%                             20xx (   1)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        387
%%%                             Book:           156
%%%                             InCollection:    41
%%%                             InProceedings:   39
%%%                             Misc:             8
%%%                             PhdThesis:        1
%%%                             Proceedings:      6
%%%                             TechReport:       3
%%%                             Unpublished:      2
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  643
%%%
%%%                        Gamow was a great jokester, and a cartoonist,
%%%                        and was always popular with his wide circle
%%%                        of friends, many of them among the greatest
%%%                        physicists of the first half of the 20th
%%%                        Century.  He preferred physical insight to
%%%                        mathematical rigor, and his scientific papers
%%%                        contain few equations.  He liked the idea of
%%%                        April Fool's Day, and papers in at least
%%%                        entries Gamow:1938:LER, Gamow:1938:NES,
%%%                        Gamow:1939:ERG, Gamow:1939:OGN,
%%%                        Gamow:1941:NTS, Gamow:1941:RID,
%%%                        Gamow:1945:SSM, Alpher:1948:OCE, and
%%%                        Gamow:1993:ODT are for journal issues dated
%%%                        April, or 1 April.  Entry Chernin:1994:GAN
%%%                        claims there are 11 such papers, but so far,
%%%                        this bibliography includes only the listed 9
%%%                        of them.  However, there are other entries
%%%                        for which no month data are available, so the
%%%                        2 missing April Fool's Day papers may well be
%%%                        present here.
%%%
%%%                        According to entry Chernin:1995:GGB, three of
%%%                        Gamow's greatest contributions to science are
%%%
%%%                            (1) discovering the quantum nature of
%%%                                alpha decay in nuclear physics
%%%                                [including his 1928 liquid-drop model
%%%                                of nuclear fission, too often
%%%                                miscredited to the 1939 work of Bohr
%%%                                and Wheeler];
%%%
%%%                            (2) the theory of the hot initial state
%%%                                of the Universe and the existence of
%%%                                cosmic microwave background
%%%                                radiation; and
%%%
%%%                            (3) finding the clue to the genetic code
%%%                                in biology (see entry
%%%                                Hayes:1998:CSI).
%%%
%%%                        Six other important contributions of the
%%%                        work of Gamow and his students and co-authors
%%%                        (see entry Chernin:1994:GAN) are:
%%%
%%%                            (4) the observed abundances of hydrogen
%%%                                and helium in the Universe can be
%%%                                accounted for by nuclear reactions in
%%%                                the early minutes of the Big Bang;
%%%
%%%                            (5) heavier elements are synthesized much
%%%                                later in stellar cores and supernovae
%%%                                explosions;
%%%
%%%                            (6) the cosmic background radiation left
%%%                                over from the Big Bang should be
%%%                                close to absolute zero Kelvin: it
%%%                                should be between 1 K and 10 K;
%%%
%%%                            (7) the Gamow--Teller resonance in nuclear
%%%                                physics;
%%%
%%%                            (8) the URCA process in nuclear physics;
%%%
%%%                            (9) evolutionary paths of stars in the
%%%                                spectrum--luminosity diagram.
%%%
%%%                        A 129-km-diameter crater on the back side of
%%%                        the Moon is named after George Gamow:
%%%
%%%                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamow_%28crater%29
%%%
%%%                        George Gamow wrote more than 200 scientific
%%%                        papers and popular articles, and two dozen
%%%                        books.  His co-authors include five winners
%%%                        of the Nobel Prize in Physics: Hans Bethe
%%%                        (1967), Felix Bloch (1952), James Chadwick
%%%                        (1935), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983),
%%%                        and Lev Landau (1962); two winners of the
%%%                        Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Ernest Rutherford
%%%                        (1908) and Francis William Aston (1922); and
%%%                        one winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine:
%%%                        Max Delbrueck (1969).  Gamow himself was
%%%                        nominated three times for the Nobel Prize in
%%%                        Physics for his work in nuclear physics, but
%%%                        never received it (see page 271 of entry
%%%                        Kragh:2017:NPS).
%%%
%%%                        Gamow brought Edward Teller to the USA, and
%%%                        Gamow's influence moved Teller's work from
%%%                        molecular physics to nuclear physics and
%%%                        weapons development.  They wrote 10 papers
%%%                        together and the adjective Gamow--Teller is
%%%                        attached to several concepts in physics.
%%%                        Edward Teller and Stan Ulam, considered the
%%%                        chief architects of the US hydrogen bomb,
%%%                        both credited Gamow with initiating their
%%%                        theoretical work.
%%%
%%%                        George Gamow began his undergraduate
%%%                        university studies at Novorussiya University
%%%                        in Odessa, just after the Russian Revolution.
%%%                        He later moved to Petrograd State University
%%%                        in Petrograd, USSR (renamed Leningrad after
%%%                        Lenin's death in 1924, and renamed to its
%%%                        original name, St. Petersburg, in 1991).
%%%                        At the time, doctorates were not being
%%%                        awarded in the USSR, so it may be that
%%%                        Gamow never received an advanced degree.
%%%                        This is confirmed by Gamow himself in the
%%%                        interview of entry Weiner:1968:IGG.
%%%                        Nevertheless, he is referred to as Dr. Gamow
%%%                        in several of the publications listed in this
%%%                        bibliography.
%%%
%%%                        Gamow later spent time with Max Born in
%%%                        Goettingen, Germany; with Niels Bohr in
%%%                        Copenhagen, Denmark; with Ernest Rutherford
%%%                        in Cambridge, England; with Paul Ehrenfest in
%%%                        Leiden, The Netherlands; and with Marie Curie
%%%                        in Paris, France.
%%%
%%%                        Gamow met Lyubova `Rho' Vokhminzeva, also a
%%%                        physicist, at the Moscow passport office in
%%%                        1931, where he was waiting for a passport.
%%%                        They married in November 1931.  After three
%%%                        aborted escape attempts, he and Rho traveled,
%%%                        with government authorization, from Russia to
%%%                        the Solvay Conference in Brussels, Belgium in
%%%                        October 1933, and never returned to Russia.
%%%                        As a result, Gamow's work was ignored or
%%%                        suppressed during Soviet times, and it was
%%%                        not until decades later, after the breakup of
%%%                        the USSR, that his work reappeared in the
%%%                        Russian scientific literature.
%%%
%%%                        In the summer of 1934, George and Rho arrived
%%%                        in the US, where George took up a position at
%%%                        The George Washington University in
%%%                        Washington, DC, where he remained for many
%%%                        years.  He recruited his friend, Edward
%%%                        Teller, to GWU, and Gamow became a US citizen
%%%                        in 1940.
%%%
%%%                        Gamow worked on stellar theory from 1938 to
%%%                        1945, relativistic cosmogony from 1945 to
%%%                        1952, and protein coding from 1953 to 1955.
%%%                        In 1956, he and Rho were divorced, and George
%%%                        moved to the University of Colorado in
%%%                        Boulder, a position that he held until his
%%%                        death in 1968.
%%%
%%%                        One of Gamow's early teaching jobs came with
%%%                        the rank and uniform of a colonel in the
%%%                        USSR's Red Army.  That fact, and his general
%%%                        jocularity and over-consumption of alcohol,
%%%                        probably made him untrustworthy in the view
%%%                        of the US Government.  Consequently, unlike
%%%                        most of the famous atomic and nuclear
%%%                        physicist on both sides of World War II,
%%%                        Gamow did not work on the war-time
%%%                        development of nuclear weapons.  Instead, he
%%%                        met with Albert Einstein every two weeks, and
%%%                        together, they worked as consultants to the
%%%                        US Navy's Division of High Explosives
%%%                        (conventional, not nuclear), as well as
%%%                        discussing questions of theoretical physics.
%%%
%%%                        In 1948, however, Gamow was invited to
%%%                        consult on the hydrogen bomb project at Los
%%%                        Alamos, perhaps because of his long-term
%%%                        friendship with project leader Edward Teller,
%%%                        and Gamow was a regular visitor to Los Alamos
%%%                        for many years.  That part of his work
%%%                        remains classified, and unknown to the
%%%                        public.  Gamow joked that his main
%%%                        contribution to the hydrogen-bomb work was
%%%                        bringing Edward Teller to the USA.
%%%
%%%                        Gamow was one of the first to apply quantum
%%%                        mechanics to the atomic nucleus, with his
%%%                        first paper (entry Gamow:1928:QAG) on that
%%%                        subject written when he was only 24 years
%%%                        old.
%%%
%%%                        One of Gamow's main research areas was the
%%%                        origin of the chemical elements, and the
%%%                        structure and evolution of stars.  Starting
%%%                        in 1935, he organized several conferences in
%%%                        theoretical physics at The George Washington
%%%                        University.  Discussions at the March 1938
%%%                        conference resulted in the paper in entry
%%%                        Chandrasekhar:1938:PSE, and led Hans Bethe to
%%%                        return to Cornell University, where in a
%%%                        month of intense research, Bethe worked out
%%%                        the details of all of the nuclear reactions
%%%                        that power stars (see entries Bethe:1939:EPSa,
%%%                        Hoyle:1946:SEH, and Hoyle:1954:NRO).  Bethe
%%%                        received the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics
%%%                        ``for his contributions to the theory of
%%%                        nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries
%%%                        concerning the energy production in stars'':
%%%
%%%                            http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1967/
%%%
%%%                        The famous `alpha--beta--gamma' paper (entry
%%%                        Alpher:1948:OCE) addresses the origin of the
%%%                        chemical elements.  While its details were
%%%                        later shown to be wrong, it is an important
%%%                        historical source for the Big Bang theory of
%%%                        the evolution of the Universe.  For a
%%%                        retrospective, see entries Turner:2008:PCA,
%%%                        Amett:2009:HHN, Kragh:2014:NBB, and
%%%                        Alpher:2023:GGR.  The correct details of
%%%                        element formation were first worked out in
%%%                        the long paper in entry Burbidge:1957:SES,
%%%                        known as the B2FH paper, after the authors'
%%%                        initials:
%%%
%%%                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B2FH_paper
%%%
%%%                        For a discussion of the importance of that
%%%                        paper, see entries Weinberg:1972:GCP,
%%%                        Weinberg:1977:FTM and Weinberg:1993:FTM.
%%%
%%%                        See entry Frebel:2014:RCE for a recent
%%%                        nontechnical review of the state of
%%%                        understanding of the physics of the formation
%%%                        and evolution of the Universe, and the
%%%                        production of the chemical elements.  The
%%%                        references in that review all have entries in
%%%                        this bibliography.
%%%
%%%                        In papers from 1928 to 1936, Gamow proposed a
%%%                        liquid-drop model of nuclear structure, and
%%%                        already in 1928, discussed nuclear
%%%                        disintegration (later named `nuclear fission'
%%%                        by Otto Robert Frisch).  Werner Heisenberg
%%%                        (1934), Carl Friederich von Weizs{\"a}cker
%%%                        (1935), and Hans Bethe and Robert Fox Bacher
%%%                        (1936) further developed the liquid-drop
%%%                        model, although the last two did not cite
%%%                        Gamow. Niels Bohr also developed a variant of
%%%                        that idea in 1936 (again without citing
%%%                        Gamow, even though Gamow had discussed the
%%%                        model first with Bohr, and then with
%%%                        Rutherford, before publishing the paper of
%%%                        entry Gamow:1929:DSA).  The origins of the
%%%                        liquid-drop model of nuclear fission are
%%%                        superbly chronicled in entry
%%%                        Stuewer:1994:OLD.  In December 1938, Lise
%%%                        Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch
%%%                        built on those ideas to propose a theoretical
%%%                        understanding of nuclear fission that had
%%%                        been discovered just a few weeks earlier by
%%%                        Meitner's close friends and colleagues, Otto
%%%                        Hahn and Fritz Strassmann.  That theory was
%%%                        further developed by Niels Bohr and John
%%%                        Archibald Wheeler, who published their work
%%%                        in September 1939, just as World War II
%%%                        began.  The Manhattan Project was formally
%%%                        begun in October 1942, and led to the
%%%                        development and successful test of the first
%%%                        atomic bomb at the Trinity Site near
%%%                        Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945.
%%%                        See entries Stuewer:1994:OLD,
%%%                        Stuewer:1997:GAD, and Stuewer:2018:AIN for
%%%                        the historical detective work that solidly
%%%                        documents Gamow's critical role in
%%%                        understanding nuclear fission, and gives
%%%                        Gamow, rather than Bohr, Wheeler, and others,
%%%                        credit for the original liquid-drop model.
%%%
%%%                        In 1946, Gamow predicted the constant Cosmic
%%%                        Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) and
%%%                        that work was first published in the paper of
%%%                        entry Alpher:1948:TRE.  However, the idea did
%%%                        not catch on with experimental physicists,
%%%                        and the CMBR was later discovered
%%%                        experimentally by Arno Penzias and Robert
%%%                        Wilson at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey in
%%%                        1964 when they attempted to identify the
%%%                        source of constant background noise in their
%%%                        radio-telescope antenna.  At the time, they
%%%                        were unaware of Gamow's earlier work that
%%%                        predicted that phenomenon.  The Penzias and
%%%                        Wilson work was published in 1965 together
%%%                        with a paper on the theoretical reason for
%%%                        that noise, written by Princeton University
%%%                        physicists Robert H. Dicke, P. J. E. Peebles,
%%%                        P. G. Roll, and D. T. Wilkinson in the July
%%%                        1965 issue of The Astrophysical Journal.
%%%                        Penzias and Wilson shared the 1978 Nobel
%%%                        Prize in Physics
%%%
%%%                            http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/
%%%
%%%                        with Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa.  The Penzias
%%%                        and Wilson half was ``for their discovery of
%%%                        cosmic microwave background radiation'', the
%%%                        first compelling evidence for the correctness
%%%                        of the Big Bang theory, and the disproof of
%%%                        the competing steady-state theory promoted by
%%%                        Fred Hoyle and co-workers (see entries
%%%                        Alpher:1990:EWB and Hoyle:1990:AEA).  Gamow's
%%%                        original prediction was a background
%%%                        radiation of about 7 K (1953) or 6 K (1956)
%%%                        (see entries Chernin:1994:HGC and
%%%                        Chernin:1995:GGB), and his co-workers Alpher
%%%                        and Herman found 5 K (entries
%%%                        Alpher:1948:NCT, Alpher:1948:RAE, and
%%%                        Alpher:1990:EWB) by using a much more
%%%                        complicated theory and calculation.  The
%%%                        Penzias and Wilson experiments showed it to
%%%                        be about 3 K.  See entries Penzias:1979:OE
%%%                        and Wilson:1979:CMB for their Nobel Lectures.
%%%                        Those results were refined in experiments
%%%                        with the COBE (COsmic Background Explorer)
%%%                        satellite in the early 1990s to 2.730 +/-
%%%                        0.060 K, and then to 2.726 +/- 0.001 K (entry
%%%                        Mather:1993:C), for which George Smoot and
%%%                        John Mather received the Nobel Prize in
%%%                        Physics in 2006.  Cosmic background radiation
%%%                        is an important aspect of modern cosmology
%%%                        that receives chapter-length treatment in
%%%                        several books (see, for example, entries
%%%                        Peebles:1971:PC, Weinberg:1972:GCP,
%%%                        Weinberg:1977:FTM, Peebles:1993:PPC,
%%%                        Weinberg:1993:FTM, Jones:2004:IGC,
%%%                        Carroll:2007:IMA, and Weinberg:2008:C).
%%%
%%%                        There is confusion in the physics literature,
%%%                        and even in Nobel Prize lectures, about just
%%%                        who contributed what, and when, to
%%%                        predictions of the existence, and magnitude,
%%%                        of the CMBR.  The recent papers by Alpher's
%%%                        son, Alpher:2012:RAR, and by him and Simon A.
%%%                        Mitton, Alpher:2023:GGR, may help to clarify
%%%                        that important history of our understanding
%%%                        of the origin of the Universe.
%%%
%%%                        See entry Gamow:1970:MWL for an
%%%                        autobiography, entries Chernin:1994:GAN,
%%%                        Chernin:1994:HGC, Chernin:1995:GGB,
%%%                        Harper:2001:GGS, Hufbauer:2009:GG, and
%%%                        Segre:2011:OGM for biographies, entry
%%%                        Gingerich:1994:SWA for anecdotes, and entry
%%%                        Weiner:1968:IGG for a long interview.  There
%%%                        are also several Gamow Web sites, including
%%%                        these:
%%%
%%%                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamow
%%%                            http://library.kiwix.org:4201/A/George_Gamow.html
%%%                            http://medlem.spray.se/gamow/books.html
%%%                            http://n-mir.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=90&Itemid=29
%%%                            http://www.amazon.com/wiki/George_Gamow
%%%                            http://www.enotes.com/topic/George_Gamow
%%%                            http://www.factbites.com/topics/Gamow
%%%                            http://www.scientific-web.com/en/Physics/Biographies/GeorgeGamow.html
%%%                            http://www.tutorgig.info/ed/George_Gamow
%%%
%%%                        George Gamow wrote, and illustrated, about
%%%                        two dozen popular books on science, most of
%%%                        which have been translated into several other
%%%                        languages, and later reprinted, or reissued
%%%                        in new editions.  In 1956, Gamow received the
%%%                        UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularisation
%%%                        of Science:
%%%
%%%                            http://www.niser.ac.in/unescokalingaprize/abtprz.php
%%%
%%%                        Seven Kalinga Prize recipients have also won
%%%                        a Nobel Prize.
%%%
%%%                        The books include (in strict alphabetical
%%%                        order by title):
%%%
%%%                            A Planet Called Earth
%%%
%%%                            A Star Called the Sun
%%%
%%%                            Atomic energy in cosmic and human life:
%%%                            fifty years of radioactivity
%%%
%%%                            Biography of physics
%%%
%%%                            Biography of the Earth: its past, present
%%%                            and future
%%%
%%%                            Constitution of atomic nuclei and
%%%                            radioactivity
%%%
%%%                            Gravity
%%%
%%%                            Gravity: classic and modern views
%%%
%%%                            Matter, earth, and sky
%%%
%%%                            Mr. Tompkins explores the atom
%%%
%%%                            Mr. Tompkins in paperback
%%%
%%%                            Mr. Tompkins inside himself: adventures
%%%                            in the new biology
%%%
%%%                            Mr. Tompkins in Wonderland
%%%
%%%                            Mr. Tompkins learns the facts of life
%%%
%%%                            My World Line: An Informal Autobiography
%%%
%%%                            One, Two, Three, ..., Infinity: Facts and
%%%                            Speculations of Science
%%%
%%%                            Physics: foundations and frontiers
%%%
%%%                            Puzzle-math
%%%
%%%                            Structure of atomic nuclei and nuclear
%%%                            transformations
%%%
%%%                            The atom and its nucleus
%%%
%%%                            The birth and death of the sun: stellar
%%%                            evolution and subatomic energy
%%%
%%%                            The creation of the universe
%%%
%%%                            The great physicists from Galileo to
%%%                            Einstein
%%%
%%%                            The Moon
%%%
%%%                            Thirty years that shook physics: the
%%%                            story of quantum theory
%%%
%%%                        Data for this bibliography have been
%%%                        collected, and merged into BibTeX entries,
%%%                        from numerous sources, including at least
%%%                        these:
%%%
%%%                            * the University of Utah Mathematics
%%%                              Department bibliography archives
%%%
%%%                            * the TeX User Group bibliography
%%%                              archives
%%%
%%%                            * the Karlsruhe Computer Science
%%%                              bibliography archives
%%%
%%%                            * the Karlsruhe virtual catalog at
%%%                              http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk_en.html
%%%
%%%                            * the US Library of Congress catalog at
%%%                              http://catalog.loc.gov/
%%%
%%%                            * the author's cattobib utility, which
%%%                              provides Z39.50 interfaces to many
%%%                              large libraries around the world, at
%%%                              https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/cattobib/
%%%
%%%                            * the European Mathematical Society
%%%                              Zentralblatt fuer Mathematik database
%%%                              at http://zb.msri.org/ZMATH/zmath/en/
%%%
%%%                            * the American Mathematical Society
%%%                              MathSciNet database at
%%%                              http://ams.rice.edu/mathscinet/search.html
%%%
%%%                            * the American Institute of Physics
%%%                              Scitation database at
%%%                              http://scitation.aip.org/search_scitation
%%%
%%%                            * the American Physical Society PROLA
%%%                              database at
%%%                              http://publish.aps.org/search
%%%
%%%                            * the ALSOS Digital Library for Nuclear
%%%                              Issues at Washington and Lee University
%%%                              http://alsos.wlu.edu/
%%%
%%%                            * the Canadian Journal of Physics
%%%                              database at
%%%                              http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/search/advanced
%%%
%%%                            * the Europhysics journal archive at
%%%                              http://www.europhysicsnews.org/
%%%
%%%                            * the Nature journal archive at
%%%                              http://www.nature.com/search/
%%%
%%%                            * the Russian Physics-Uspekhi (Advances
%%%                              in Physical Sciences) journal archive
%%%                              at http://ufn.ru/en/authors/gamov_g_a/
%%%
%%%                            * the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System at
%%%                              http://adsabs.harvard.edu/
%%%
%%%                            * the Science journal archive at
%%%                              http://www.sciencemag.org/search
%%%
%%%                            * the INSPIRE high-energy physics
%%%                              literature database at the Stanford
%%%                              Linear Accelerator at Stanford
%%%                              University at
%%%                              http://inspirehep.net/help/easy-search
%%%
%%%                            * the Springer journal database at
%%%                              http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-13-0-0
%%%
%%%                            * the Wiley journal database at
%%%                              http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
%%%
%%%                            * the JSTOR database at
%%%                              http://www.jstor.org/, and
%%%
%%%                            * many online library catalogs, including
%%%                              those of the British Library, the
%%%                              Karlsruhe Virtual Library catalog, the
%%%                              Cambridge University Library, the
%%%                              Oxford University Library, the
%%%                              University of California library
%%%                              system, and the US Library of Congress.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

@Preamble{
    "\ifx \undefined \booktitle \def \booktitle#1{{{\em #1}}} \fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \url \input{path.sty} \fi"
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Institution abbreviations:

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-ACTA-ASTRONAUT        = "Acta Astronautica"}

@String{j-AM-BIOL-TEACH         = "The American Biology Teacher"}

@String{j-AM-SCH                = "American Scholar"}

@String{j-AM-SCI                = "American Scientist"}

@String{j-AMER-J-PHYSICS        = "American Journal of Physics"}

@String{j-ANN-INST-HENRI-POINCARE = "Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar{\'e}"}

@String{j-ANNU-REV-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS = "Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics"}

@String{j-ASTRO-NACHR           = "Astronomische Nachrichten"}

@String{j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-TRANS = "Astronomical and Astrophysical
                                  Transactions"}

@String{j-ASTRON-J              = "Astronomical Journal"}

@String{j-ASTRON-Q              = "Astronomy Quarterly"}

@String{j-ASTROPHYS-SPACE-SCI   = "Astrophysics and Space Science"}

@String{j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J       = "Astrophysical Journal"}

@String{j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J-SUPPL-SER = "Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series"}

@String{j-BIOGR-MEM-NAT-ACAD-SCI = "Biographical memoirs --- National Academy of
                                  Sciences of the United States of America"}

@String{j-BULL-AT-SCI           = "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"}

@String{j-C-R-ACAD-SCI-PARIS    = "Comptes rendus de l'Acad{\'e}mie des
                                  sciences, Paris"}

@String{j-CENTAURUS             = "Centaurus: An International Journal of the
                                  History of Science and its Cultural Aspects"}

@String{j-CHIC-REV              = "Chicago Review"}

@String{j-CIEL-TERRE            = "Ciel et Terre"}

@String{j-COLLEGE-MATH-J        = "College Mathematics Journal"}

@String{j-COMP-PHYS-COMM        = "Computer Physics Communications"}

@String{j-CONTEMP-PHYS          = "Contemporary Physics"}

@String{j-DAEDALUS              = "D{\ae}dalus"}

@String{j-ELECTROPHORESIS       = "Electrophoresis"}

@String{j-ENDEAVOUR             = "Endeavour"}

@String{j-ERGEB-EXAKTEN-NATURWISS = "Ergebnisse der Exakten
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@String{j-EUR-PHYS-J-H          = "European Physical Journal H"}

@String{j-FOUND-PHYS            = "Foundations of Physics"}

@String{j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV   = "General Relativity and Gravitation"}

@String{j-GEOGR-J               = "The Geographical Journal"}

@String{j-HIST-STUD-NAT-SCI     = "Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences"}

@String{j-INT-J-THEOR-PHYS      = "International Journal of Theoretical
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@String{j-IRISH-ASTRON-J        = "Irish Astronomical Journal"}

@String{j-ISIS                  = "Isis"}

@String{j-IZV-SEKTS-ASTRON-BULG-AKAD-NAUK = "Izvestiya na Sektsiyata po
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@String{j-J-CELL-COMP-PHYSIOL   = "Journal of Cellular and Comparative
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@String{j-J-EDUC-SOCIOL-NEW-YORK = "Journal of Educational Sociology (New
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@String{j-J-GEOL                = "The Journal of Geology"}

@String{j-J-HIST-ASTRON         = "Journal for the History of Astronomy"}

@String{j-J-MOD-HIST            = "The Journal of Modern History"}

@String{j-J-WASH-ACAD-SCI       = "Journal of the Washington Academy of
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@String{j-MATH-GAZ              = "Mathematical Gazette"}

@String{j-MONTHLY-NOT-ASTRON-SOC-SOUTH-AFRICA = "Monthly Notes of the
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@String{j-MONTHLY-NOT-ROY-ASTRON-SOC = "Monthly Notices of the Royal
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@String{j-NAMS                  = "Notices of the American Mathematical
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@String{j-NATURE                = "Nature"}

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@String{j-NEW-YORK-TIMES-BOOK-REVIEW = "New York Times Book Review"}

@String{j-NEWSWEEK              = "Newsweek"}

@String{j-NUCL-PHYS-A           = "Nuclear Physics A"}

@String{j-OBSERVATORY           = "The Observatory"}

@String{j-OHIO-J-SCI            = "Ohio Journal of Science"}

@String{j-PERSPECT-SCI          = "Perspectives on Science"}

@String{j-PHILOS-MAG-7          = "Philosophical Magazine (7)"}

@String{j-PHILOS-SCI            = "Philosophy of Science"}

@String{j-PHYS-AT-NUCL          = "Physics of Atomic Nuclei"}

@String{j-PHYS-BL               = "Physikalische {Bl\"atter}"}

@String{j-PHYS-PERSPECT         = "Physics in Perspective (PIP)"}

@String{j-PHYS-REV              = "Physical Review"}

@String{j-PHYS-REV-2            = "Physical Review (2)"}

@String{j-PHYS-REV-LET          = "Physical Review Letters"}

@String{j-PHYS-TEACHER          = "The Physics Teacher"}

@String{j-PHYS-TODAY            = "Physics Today"}

@String{j-PHYS-USPEKHI          = "Physics-Uspekhi"}

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@String{j-PHYS-Z-SOWJETUNION    = "Physikalische Zeitschrift der Sowjetunion"}

@String{j-PHYSIKAL-Z            = "Physikalische Zeitschrift"}

@String{j-PRIRODA-MOSCOW        = "Priroda (Moscow, Russian Federation)
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@String{j-PROC-AM-ACAD-ARTS-SCI = "Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts
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@String{j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA = "Proceedings of the National Academy of
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@String{j-PROC-PHYS-SOC         = "Proceedings of the Physical Society, London"}

@String{j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS = "Proceedings of the Royal Society of
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@String{j-PUBL-ASTRON-SOC-PAC   = "Publications of the {Astronomical Society of
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@String{j-Q-REV-BIOL            = "Quarterly Review of Biology"}

@String{j-RECHERCHE             = "La Recherche"}

@String{j-RESONANCE             = "Resonance"}

@String{j-REV-MOD-PHYS          = "Reviews of Modern Physics"}

@String{j-SCH-REV               = "The School Review (Ithaca, NY)"}

@String{j-SCI-AMER              = "Scientific American"}

@String{j-SCI-EDUC              = "Science Education"}

@String{j-SCI-MONTHLY           = "The Scientific Monthly"}

@String{j-SCIENCE               = "Science"}

@String{j-SCIENCE-NEW-SERIES    = "Science (New Series)"}

@String{j-SOC-SCI               = "Social Scientist"}

@String{j-SPACE-SCI-REV         = "Space Science Reviews"}

@String{j-TIME                  = "Time"}

@String{j-TRANS-BOSE-RES-INST-CALCUTTA = "Transactions of the {Bose Research
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@String{j-USPEKHI-FIZ-NAUK      = "Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk"}

@String{j-YAD-FIZ               = "Yadernaya Fizika"}

@String{j-Z-ASTROPHYSIK         = "{Zeitschrift f{"u}r Astrophysik}"}

@String{j-Z-PHYSIK              = "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik"}

@String{j-ZH-RUSS-FIZ-KHIM-OBSHCH-CHAST-FIZ = "Zhurnal Russkogo
                                  Fiziko-Khimicheskogo Obshchestva,
                                  Chast Fizicheskaya"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Publisher abbreviations:

@String{pub-ACADEMIC            = "Academic Press"}
@String{pub-ACADEMIC:adr        = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-ADAM-HILGER         = "Adam Hilger Ltd."}
@String{pub-ADAM-HILGER:adr     = "Bristol, UK"}

@String{pub-AIP                 = "American Institute of Physics"}
@String{pub-AIP:adr             = "Woodbury, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-ANCHOR-BOOKS        = "Anchor Books"}
@String{pub-ANCHOR-BOOKS:adr    = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS         = "Basic Books"}
@String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER          = "Birkh{\"{a}}user"}
@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr      = "Cambridge, MA, USA; Berlin, Germany; Basel,
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@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON   = "Birkh{\"a}user Boston Inc."}
@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE           = "Cambridge University Press"}
@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr       = "Cambridge, UK"}

@String{pub-CLARENDON           = "Clarendon Press"}
@String{pub-CLARENDON:adr       = "Oxford, UK"}

@String{pub-CRC                 = "CRC Press"}
@String{pub-CRC:adr             = "2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton,
                                  FL 33431-9868, USA"}

@String{pub-DOUBLEDAY           = "Doubleday"}
@String{pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr       = "Garden City, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-DOVER               = "Dover"}
@String{pub-DOVER:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-DUNOD               = "Dunod"}
@String{pub-DUNOD:adr           = "Paris, France"}

@String{pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS    = "Gauthier-Villars et cie"}
@String{pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS:adr = "Paris, France"}

@String{pub-GYLDENDAL           = "Gyldendal"}
@String{pub-GYLDENDAL:adr       = "Oslo, Norway"}

@String{pub-HARPER-ROW          = "Harper \& Row"}
@String{pub-HARPER-ROW:adr      = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-HERMANN             = "Hermann"}
@String{pub-HERMANN:adr         = "Paris, France"}

@String{pub-HODDER-STOUGHTON    = "Hodder and Stoughton"}
@String{pub-HODDER-STOUGHTON:adr = "London, UK"}

@String{pub-INTERSCIENCE        = "Interscience Publishers"}
@String{pub-INTERSCIENCE:adr    = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-IOP                 = "IOP Publishing"}
@String{pub-IOP:adr             = "Bristol, UK"}

@String{pub-KLUWER              = "Kluwer Academic Publishers Group"}
@String{pub-KLUWER:adr          = "Norwell, MA, USA, and Dordrecht,
                                  The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-KNOPF               = "Alfred A. Knopf"}
@String{pub-KNOPF:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-LITTLE-BROWN        = "Little, Brown and Co."}
@String{pub-LITTLE-BROWN:adr    = "Boston, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-MACMILLAN           = "Macmillan Publishing Company"}
@String{pub-MACMILLAN:adr       = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL         = "Mc{\-}Graw-Hill"}
@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-NAL                 = "New American Library"}
@String{pub-NAL:adr             = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND       = "North-Holland Publishing Co."}
@String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr   = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-OXFORD              = "Oxford University Press"}
@String{pub-OXFORD:adr          = "Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK"}

@String{pub-PENGUIN-PRESS       = "Penguin"}
@String{pub-PENGUIN-PRESS:adr   = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-PERGAMON            = "Pergamon"}
@String{pub-PERGAMON:adr        = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-PH                  = "Pren{\-}tice-Hall"}
@String{pub-PH:adr              = "Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA"}

@String{pub-PRINCETON           = "Princeton University Press"}
@String{pub-PRINCETON:adr       = "Princeton, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-REIDEL              = "D. Reidel"}
@String{pub-REIDEL:adr          = "Dordrecht, The Netherlands; Boston, MA, USA;
                                  Lancaster, UK; Tokyo, Japan"}

@String{pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER      = "Simon and Schuster"}
@String{pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER:adr  = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-SV                  = "Spring{\-}er-Ver{\-}lag"}
@String{pub-SV:adr              = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg,
                                  Germany~/ London, UK~/ etc."}

@String{pub-U-CHICAGO           = "University of Chicago Press"}
@String{pub-U-CHICAGO:adr       = "Chicago, IL, USA"}

@String{pub-U-COLUMBIA          = "Columbia University Press"}
@String{pub-U-COLUMBIA:adr      = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD = "Van Nostrand Reinhold"}
@String{pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD:adr = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-VIEWEG              = "Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn"}
@String{pub-VIEWEG:adr          = "Braunschweig, Germany"}

@String{pub-VIKING              = "Viking Press"}
@String{pub-VIKING:adr          = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-WILEY               = "Wiley"}
@String{pub-WILEY:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-YALE                = "Yale University Press"}
@String{pub-YALE:adr            = "New Haven, CT, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Series abbreviations:

@String{ser-BOSTON-STUD-PHILOS-SCI = "Boston Studies in the Philosophy of
                                  Science"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%%            Part 1 (of 2) --- Publications by George Gamow
%%% Bibliography entries, sorted by ascending year, and then by citation
%%% label, with ``bibsort -byyear'':

%%% TO DO: Find Gamow's first paper (1924), delivered at the
%%% IV Congress of the Russian Physical Society.

%%% TO DO: Find Gamow's `set of articles in Russian physics journal in 1930
%%% and short book' (Hufbauer:2009:GG, page 10); is the book Gamow:1930:AYR?

%%% TO DO: Find ``Science Service Report of November 1954 of a meeting
%%% of the National Academy in which Gamow described his use of this
%%% new Maniac high speed computer, together with Nick Metropolis, ...'
%%% [See page 119 of Rich:1997:GGC]

%%% TO DO: Find ``Articles in Encyclopaedia Britannica (see E.B. index)''
%%%             ``Articles in Encyclopedia Americana (see E.A. index)''
%%% [see page 150 of Harper:1997:EAG]

%%% TO DO: I'm trying to find the original discovery of quantum
%%% tunneling.  Some books credit Gamow (Gamow:1928:QAG) and Gurney and
%%% Condon (Gurney:1928:WMR and Gurney:1929:QMR) with the first use of
%%% the concept in connection with alpha-particle emission from nuclei.
%%% However, Oppenheimer discussed the idea five months earlier (entry
%%% Oppenheimer:1928:QTA).  The words ``tunnel'' and ``tunneling'' are
%%% absent from the Gamow, Gurney and Condon, Hund (see below), and
%%% Oppenheimer, papers.
%%%
%%% Full-text searches in the Web archives of Physical Review and Nature
%%% were not successful in locating the first paper with `tunnel' in the
%%% quantum sense.  The quantum mechanics textbooks in my office that I
%%% consulted lack references to original literature.  Urey and Teal
%%% (Urey:1935:HIA) in Reviews of Modern Physics 7(1) 34--94 (1935)
%%% refer to Cremer and Polanyi in Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physikalische
%%% Chemie [Leipzig] B19 443 (1932), but that journal is not available
%%% online.  There is another journal of the same name published in West
%%% Germany starting from the early 1950s, and hosted by Oldenbourg, but
%%% that is the wrong journal here.
%%%
%%% The Wikipedia articles at
%%%
%%%     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling
%%%     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Hund
%%%
%%% credit Friedrich Hund with the discovery of tunneling in 1926.
%%% There is a list of his publications at
%%%
%%%    http://www.teleschach.de/archiv/schriften_f_hund.htm
%%%
%%% However, Wikipedia does not identify the 1926 Hund paper.  Werner
%%% Kutzelnigg's paper for Hund's 100th birthday (Hund was 101 and
%%% two months when he died: 4 February 1896--31 March 1997):
%%%
%%%     http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.199605721/pdf
%%%     https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199605721
%%%
%%% only mentions `tunnel' for a reference F. Hund. Z Phys. 1927, 43
%%% 805.  That corresponds to this more detailed reference:
%%%
%%%     37. [30] Zur Deutung der Molekelspektren. III
%%%     Bemerkungen {\"u}ber das Schwingungs- und Rotationsspektrum bei
%%%     Molekeln mit mehr als zwei Kernen [Remarks on the vibrational and
%%%     rotational range in molecules with more than two nuclei]
%%%     Hund, Friedrich. - Berlin : Verlag von Julius Springer, Zeitschrift
%%%     f{\"u}r Physik 43(11--12), S. 805--826, November (1927)
%%%
%%% which I find at Springer:
%%%
%%%    Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei, 1927, Volume 43,
%%%    Numbers 11--12 [November 1926], Pages 805--826
%%%    [received 6 March 1926]
%%%    http://www.springerlink.com/content/pg425m73j6k1vp3r/
%%%    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01397249
%%%    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397249
%%%
%%% The first of the three papers by Hund is found in
%%%
%%%    F. Hund
%%%    Zur Deutung einiger Erscheinungen in den Molekelspektren.
%%%    Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik 36(9--10) 657--674 September (1926)
%%%    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01400155
%%%    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01400155
%%%
%%% Neither paper uses the German words for tunnel: Gang, Stollen,
%%% Tunnel, or {\"U}nterf{\"u}hrung.  Further Web searches find
%%%
%%%     http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/72/15/54/PS/tun_HAL.ps
%%%
%%% which points to three early tunneling papers:
%%%
%%%     Hund, F. (1927a). Zur Deutung der Molekelspektren. I,
%%%     Zts. f. Phys. 40(10) [October 1926]: 742--764.
%%%     [received 19 November 1926]
%%%     http://www.springerlink.com/content/p8h92835m5878556/
%%%     https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01400234 [NB: 1926, NOT 1927]
%%%
%%%     Hund, F. (1927b). Zur Deutung der Molekelspektren. III.,
%%%     Zts. f. Phys. 43(11--12) [November 1927]: 805--826.
%%%     [received 28 May 1927]
%%%     http://www.springerlink.com/content/v887671131812427/
%%%     http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01397249
%%%     https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397249
%%%
%%%     Nordheim, Lothar (1927). Zur theorie der thermischen emission und
%%%     der reflexion von elektronen an metallen,
%%%     Zts. f. Phys. 46(11--12) [November 1928]: 833.
%%%     [received 11 December 1927]
%%%     http://www.springerlink.com/content/lr9r9574430475v8/
%%%     https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01391020
%%%
%%% Notice the year confusions between citations and the publisher Web
%%% site!
%%%
%%% We thus have these received dates:
%%%
%%%     Hund            7 March 1926, 19 November 1926, 28 May 1927
%%%     Nordheim        11 December 1927
%%%     Oppenheimer     28 March 1928
%%%     Gamow           received 2 August 1928, published March issue 1928
%%%                     (note the significant publication month delay)
%%%     Gurney & Condon received 30 July 1928, published 22 September 1928
%%%
%%% Further work is needed to find the first use of the word `tunnel' in
%%% the quantum context, and to find out how much each of those authors
%%% understood of the concept.  We also need to find out who first used
%%% the idea in atomic physics, and who first in nuclear physics.  For
%%% the latter, it appears to be Gurney and Condon, three days before
%%% Gamow, but Gamow's paper may have been in print first.
%%% Oppenheimer's paper discusses ionization of atoms, rather than
%%% nuclear transformations.
%%%
%%% The Oxford English Dictionary online gives this definition and
%%% three references:
%%%
%%%     tunnel, v[erb]:
%%%
%%%     d. intr. Physics. Of a sub-atomic particle: to pass through a
%%%     potential barrier by tunnelling (tunnelling n. 3).
%%%
%%%     1938 S. Dushman Elem. Quantum Mech. iii. 66 The probability that
%%%     a particle coming up to the boundary at $x = 0$ shall `tunnel'
%%%     through the barrier.
%%%
%%%     1966 D. G. Brandon Mod. Techniques Metallogr. iv. 181 Electrons
%%%     may be able to `tunnel' through to the far side.
%%%
%%%     1978 P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xiii. 402 An electron is able
%%%     to tunnel through even quite high potential barriers (for
%%%     example, they can escape from the powerful forces inside nuclei,
%%%     and emerge as $\beta$-rays).
%%%
%%% I have Dushman's book on my shelf, but he gives no references to the
%%% literature for the extract on page 66.  On page 70, he credits
%%% Gurney and Condon [Gurney:1929:QMR, received 20 November 1928], and
%%% independently, Gamow [Gamow:1928:QAG, received 2 August 1928], with
%%%
%%%     ``the theory of the penetration of particles through potential
%%%     barriers of atomic dimensions gives a very satisfactory
%%%     interpretation of the phenomena of ejection of alpha and beta
%%%     particles from nuclei of the radioactive elements.''
%%%
%%% The Gurney and Condon paper [Gurney:1929:QMR] has this footnote on
%%% the first page:
%%%
%%%     ``An account of this work was first published in Nature for
%%%     September 22, 1928 [Gurney:1928:WMR]. In a number of the
%%%     Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik (51, 204, 1928) [Gamow:1928:QAG]
%%%     received here two weeks ago there appears a paper by Gamow who
%%%     has arrived quite independently at the same basic idea as was
%%%     presented in our letter and which is here treated in
%%%     detail. Reports of this paper were also given at the Schenectady
%%%     meeting of the National Academy of Sciences on November 20, 1928
%%%     and at the Minneapolis meeting of the American Physical Society
%%%     on December 1, 1928.''
%%%
%%% On page 135 of [Gurney:1929:QMR], they write:
%%%
%%%     ``And since the quantum mechanics endows particles with the new
%%%     property of being able to penetrate such regions [potential
%%%     barriers], this gives us at last a nucleus which can
%%%     disintegrate without the absorption of energy.  We see that a
%%%     mere qualitative application of the principles of quantum
%%%     mechanics seems to account for the principal properties of
%%%     radioactive atoms, most of which have been familiar for nearly
%%%     thirty years.''

@Article{Gamow:1926:MNS,
  author =       "George Gamow and Lev D. Landau and Dimitri D.
                 Ivanenko",
  title =        "On the motion of nonconservative systems with one
                 degree of freedom. ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-ZH-RUSS-FIZ-KHIM-OBSHCH-CHAST-FIZ,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "3A",
  pages =        "477--482",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1926",
  CODEN =        "ZRFFAS",
  ISSN =         "0372-9834",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 07:21:26 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. Obshch., Ch. Fiz.",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Zhurnal Russkogo Fiziko-Khimicheskogo Obschchestva.
                 Chast Fizicheskaya [Journal of the Russian
                 Physicochemical Society. Physical Division]",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1926:TOP,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Sur la th{\'e}orie des ondes de phases de {M. L. de
                 Broglie}. ({French}) [{On} the phase-wave theory of {M.
                 L. de Broglie}]",
  journal =      j-C-R-ACAD-SCI-PARIS,
  volume =       "183",
  pages =        "875--876",
  day =          "13",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1926",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:07:56 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  abstract =     "{Untersuchung {\"u}ber die {\"A}quivalenz von
                 Wellengruppe und Korpuskel.}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Comptes rendus de l'Acad{\'e}mie des sciences, Paris",
  language =     "French",
  reviewer =     "Dr. F. M{\"o}glich (Berlin)",
  xxjournal =    "C. B.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1926:WMG,
  author =       "George Gamow and Dmitri Iwanenko",
  title =        "{Zur Wellentheorie der Materie}. ({German}) [{On} the
                 wave theory of matter]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "10--11",
  pages =        "865--868",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1926",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01451755",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:35:34 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/h8170266rv350j66/",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 52.0971.02",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "In this paper, Gamow switched his name from the
                 original romanization `Gamov' to the German spelling,
                 which he retained throughout his life, except in French
                 papers, and in transliterations of Russian papers,
                 where it is `Gamov'.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1927:PFO,
  author =       "G. A. Gamow",
  title =        "The principle of fundamental observability in modern
                 physics. ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-USPEKHI-FIZ-NAUK,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "386--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1927",
  CODEN =        "UFNAAG",
  ISSN =         "0042-1294 (print), 1996-6652 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-1294",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 07:24:13 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Usp. Fiz. Nauk",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk",
  journal-URL =  "http://ufn.ru/en/articles/",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Prokofiew:1927:ADL,
  author =       "W. Prokofiew and George Gamow",
  title =        "{Anomale Dispersion an den Linien der Hauptserie des
                 Kaliums (Verh{\"a}ltnis der Dispersionskonstanten des
                 roten und violetten Dubletts)}. ({German}) [{Anomalous}
                 dispersion of the lines of the principal series of
                 potassium (the ratio of the dispersion constants of the
                 red and violet doublets)]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "11--12",
  pages =        "887--892",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1927",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01390861",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:31:09 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/r1932n721m2mv828/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1928:QAG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Zur Quantentheorie des Atomkernes}. ({German}) [{On}
                 the quantum theory of the atomic nucleus]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "204--212",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1928",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01343196",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:41:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[pages 77--85]{Beyer:1949:FNP}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/mw52h8867mr4x185/",
  abstract =     "JFM 54.0969.04",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  keywords =     "Geiger--Nuttall relationship between radioisotope
                 decay constants and energy of emitted alpha particles",
  language =     "German",
  received =     "2 August 1928",
  remark =       "According to \cite[page 33]{Stuewer:1997:GAD}, this
                 paper is the first to recognize that alpha particle
                 decay is a quantum-mechanical tunneling problem, and
                 its predictions better matched experiment than did
                 those of an earlier model proposed by Ernest
                 Rutherford. Alpher \cite{Alpher:1973:LNC} cites this
                 paper, and two others
                 \cite{Gurney:1928:WMR,Gamow:1929:QRK}, as the origin of
                 the theory of alpha radioactivity. However, according
                 to \cite[page 79]{Rigden:1995:JRO}, tunneling was
                 predicted four months earlier by Robert Oppenheimer
                 \cite{Oppenheimer:1928:QTA} in a paper received 28
                 March 1928.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1928:QTN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Quantum Theory of Nuclear Disintegration",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "122",
  number =       "3082",
  pages =        "805--806",
  day =          "24",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1928",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/122805b0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1928:WCL,
  author =       "Georgii Antonovich Gamow and Dmitrii Dmitrievich
                 Ivanenko and Lev Davidovich Landau",
  title =        "World Constants and Limiting Transition ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-ZH-RUSS-FIZ-KHIM-OBSHCH-CHAST-FIZ,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "1A",
  pages =        "13--17",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1928",
  CODEN =        "ZRFFAS",
  ISSN =         "0372-9834",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 23:00:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Gamow:2002:UCB,Gamow:2002:WCL}. See
                 comments about this little-known paper in
                 \cite{Okun:2002:KPF}. The journal table of contents
                 gives the German translation of the title as
                 \booktitle{{\"U}ber die Weltkonstanten und den
                 Grenz{\"u}bergang}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. Obshch., Ch. Fiz.",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968); Dmitrii Ivanenko
                 (1904--1994); Lev Landau (1908--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Zhurnal Russkogo Fiziko-Khimicheskogo Obshchestva,
                 Chast Fizicheskaya",
  language =     "Russian",
  remark =       "This paper examines the transition from quantum
                 mechanics to classical mechanics obtained by letting
                 four physical constants --- Planck's constant ($h$ ),
                 the reciprocal of the speed of light in vacuum ($ 1 / c
                 $ ), and the gravitational constant ($G$ ) --- tend to
                 zero. Gamow later used those letters in the name of his
                 book character, Mr. C. G. H. Tompkins; see \cite[page
                 773]{Frenkel:1994:GGW} and \cite[page
                 95]{Stuewer:2018:AIN}. The paper is absent from
                 Landau's two-volume \booktitle{Collection of Works}
                 (Nauka, Moscow, 1969), and Okun reports that none of
                 the authors ever cited this paper.",
  submitted =    "20 October 1927",
  xxnote =       "Some sources, including entry Okun:2002:KPF, says this
                 is 1928; others have 1926. Okun gives a submission date
                 of 20 October 1927, so it cannot be 1926.",
  xxpages =      "477--??",
  xxtitle =      "Universal constants and boundary crossings
                 ({Russian})",
}

@Article{Gamow:1929:BQR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Bemerkung zur Quantentheorie des radioaktiven
                 Zerfalls}. ({German}) [{Note} on the quantum theory of
                 radioactive decay]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "7--8",
  pages =        "601--604",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1929",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01368139",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:42:42 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/w211101j12115804/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1929:DSA,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Discussion on the Structure of Atomic Nuclei",
  journal =      j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS,
  volume =       "123",
  number =       "792",
  pages =        "386--387",
  day =          "6",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1929",
  ISSN =         "0950-1207 (print), 2053-9150 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 16:19:07 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/95202.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Proc. Roy. Soc. A",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A,
                 Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical
                 Character",
  journal-URL =  "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
  keywords =     "liquid-drop model",
  remark =       "According to \cite[page 36]{Stuewer:1997:GAD}, this
                 paper is the first appearance in print of the
                 liquid-drop model of nuclear structure. Gamow had
                 discussed it with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen before
                 traveling to visit Ernest Rutherford (then President of
                 the Royal Society) in Cambridge. Bohr's first published
                 paper (1909) was on the surface tension of water, so
                 Gamow's ideas were likely familiar to Bohr, and Bohr
                 recommended Gamow to Rutherford.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1929:QAG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Zur Quantentheorie der Atomzertr{\"u}mmerung}.
                 ({German}) [{On} the quantum theory of atomic
                 fission]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7--8",
  pages =        "510--515",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1929",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01339451",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:38:58 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/t240444152t66876/",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 54.0969.05",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Frenkel \cite{Frenkel:1994:CBG} reports that, on 29
                 January 1929, Gamow wrote from Cambridge to Paul
                 Ehrenfest in Leiden, suggesting the use of high-powered
                 $ \alpha $-particle beams to try to split atoms. Inspired
                 by Gamow's suggestion (see \cite[page
                 106]{Stuewer:2018:AIN}), in 1932, John Cockcroft and
                 Ernest Walton did just that in Rutherford's laboratory
                 in Cambridge, work for which they received the 1951
                 Nobel Prize in Physics ``for their pioneer work on the
                 transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially
                 accelerated atomic particles''.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1929:QRK,
  author =       "George Gamow and Fritz G. Houtermans",
  title =        "{Zur Quantenmechanik des radioaktiven Kerns}.
                 ({German}) [{On} the quantum mechanics of the
                 radioactive nucleus]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "7--8",
  pages =        "496--509",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1929",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01339450",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:37:27 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Gamow:1928:QAG,Gurney:1928:WMR,Alpher:1973:LNC}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/w44101m41820l7p8/",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 54.0969.06",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
  xxtitle =      "{Zur Quantenmechanik des radioaktiven Kerne}.
                 ({German}) [{On} the quantum mechanics of the
                 radioactive nucleus]",
}

@Article{Gamow:1929:SAG,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "{{\"U}ber die Struktur des Atomkernes}. ({German})
                 [{On} the structure of the atomic nucleus]",
  journal =      j-PHYSIKAL-Z,
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "717--720",
  year =         "1929",
  CODEN =        "PHZTAO",
  ISSN =         "0369-982X",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:10:53 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "55.0555.09",
  abstract =     "Auszug aus einem Vortrag vor der
                 Theoretisch-physikalischen Konferenz in Charkow
                 (19.-25.5.1929)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physikalische Zeitschrift",
  journal-URL =  "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000541302",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1929:ST,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Successive $ \alpha $-Transformations",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "123",
  number =       "3103",
  pages =        "606--606",
  day =          "20",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1929",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/123606c0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 55.1182.27",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Rutherford:1929:DSA,
  author =       "Ernest Rutherford and F. W. Aston and James Chadwick
                 and C. D. Ellis and George Gamow and Ralph Howard
                 Fowler and O. W. Richardson and Douglas R. Hartree",
  title =        "Discussion on the Structure of Atomic Nuclei",
  journal =      j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS,
  volume =       "123",
  number =       "792",
  pages =        "373--390",
  day =          "6",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1929",
  ISSN =         "0950-1207 (print), 2053-9150 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/95202.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A,
                 Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical
                 Character",
  journal-URL =  "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
  remark =       "General constitution of the nucleus as a collection of
                 $ \alpha $-particles.",
}

@Article{Chadwick:1930:ADP,
  author =       "J. Chadwick and George Gamow",
  title =        "Artificial Disintegration by $ \alpha $-Particles",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "126",
  number =       "3167",
  pages =        "54--55",
  day =          "12",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1930",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/126054a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 56.1330.08",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Book{Gamow:1930:AYR,
  author =       "G. A. Gamow",
  title =        "Atomnoe Yadro i Radioaktivnost' ({Russian}) [{The}
                 Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity]",
  publisher =    "GIZ",
  address =      "Moscow and Leningrad, USSR",
  pages =        "80",
  year =         "1930",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 08:03:10 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Modern Trends in Scientific Thought",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1930:FSR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Fine Structure of $ \alpha $-Rays",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "126",
  number =       "3176",
  pages =        "397--397",
  day =          "13",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1930",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/126397a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v126/n3176/full/126397a0.html",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 56.1330.07",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1930:MDC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Mass Defect Curve and Nuclear Constitution",
  journal =      j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS,
  volume =       "126",
  number =       "803",
  pages =        "632--644",
  day =          "3",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1930",
  ISSN =         "0950-1207 (print), 2053-9150 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/95297.pdf",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 56.0762.02",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A,
                 Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical
                 Character",
  journal-URL =  "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
  remark =       "This paper extends earlier work on the liquid-drop
                 model of nuclear structure \cite{Gamow:1929:DSA,
                 Rutherford:1929:DSA}. See also later work
                 \cite{Houtermans:1930:NAQ, Rutherford:1930:RRS,
                 Heisenberg:1934:CTG, vonWeizsacker:1935:TKG,
                 Bethe:1936:NPS, Rutherford:1951:RRS, Stuewer:1994:OLD,
                 Stuewer:1997:GAD}",
}

@Article{Delbruck:1931:UAK,
  author =       "Max Delbr{\"u}ck and George Gamow",
  title =        "{{\"U}bergangswahrscheinlichkeiten von angeregten
                 Kernen}. ({German}) [{Transition} probabilities of
                 excited nuclei]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "7--8",
  pages =        "492--499",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1931",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01337634",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:52:55 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/jlt1564970867882/",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0003.03502",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Gamow:1931:CAN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Constitution of Atomic Nuclei and Radioactivity",
  publisher =    pub-CLARENDON,
  address =      pub-CLARENDON:adr,
  pages =        "4 + 114 + 1",
  year =         "1931",
  LCCN =         "QC173 .G3",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Copy-edited by Bertha Swirles, who converted the Gamow
                 dialect of English to British English. This is Gamow's
                 first book in English, and he signed the Preface on 1
                 May 1931.",
  subject =      "Atoms; Radioactivity",
}

@Unpublished{Gamow:1931:DVO,
  author =       "George Gamow and L{\'e}on Rosenfeld",
  title =        "On the Determination of the Velocity of an Object
                 Moving in a Fluid on the Basis of a Single Photograph",
  day =          "7",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1931",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 08 14:08:21 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Originally written in German, and reproduced in
                 English translation in \cite[pages
                 285--287]{Delbruck:1972:W}. Submitted to the journal
                 Physica, but rejected by editor Paul Ehrenfest.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "The paper uses a photograph of Wolfgang Pauli wading
                 knee-deep in water, and includes an analysis that
                 predicts Pauli's forward velocity.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1931:TRZ,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{{\"U}ber die Theorie des radioaktiven Zerfalls, der
                 Zertr{\"u}mmerung und die Anregung durch Strahlen}.
                 ({German}) [{On} the theory of radioactive decay, the
                 destruction and the excitation by radiation]",
  journal =      j-PHYSIKAL-Z,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "651--655",
  day =          "1",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1931",
  CODEN =        "PHZTAO",
  ISSN =         "0369-982X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:32:39 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physikalische Zeitschrift",
  journal-URL =  "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000541302",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Paper presented at Z{\"u}rich during Gamow's stay
                 there. 20--24 May 1931.",
}

@Book{Gamow:1932:BAR,
  author =       "George Gamow and Fritz Houtermans",
  title =        "{Der Bau des Atomkerns und die Radioaktivit{\"a}t}.
                 ({German}) [{The} structure of atomic nuclei and
                 radioactivity]",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    "S. Hirzel",
  address =      "Leipzig, Germany",
  pages =        "5 + 147 + 1",
  year =         "1932",
  LCCN =         "QC173 .G314",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Neue Probleme der Physik un Chemie",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0003.13802",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Nuclear physics; Radioactivity",
}

@Article{Gamow:1932:EDT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Essay on the development of the theory of atomic
                 nucleus. ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-USPEKHI-FIZ-NAUK,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "31--??",
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "UFNAAG",
  ISSN =         "0042-1294 (print), 1996-6652 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-1294",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:45:44 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk",
  journal-URL =  "http://ufn.ru/en/articles/",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1932:NAU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "A new attempt to understand the process of decay.
                 ({Russian})",
  journal =      "Sorena",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "16--38",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:48:42 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1932:NL,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Nuclear $ \alpha $-and $p$-levels",
  journal =      j-PHYS-Z-SOWJETUNION,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "433--435",
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "PHZSAL",
  ISSN =         "0369-9811",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:15:12 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0004.23302",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physikalische Zeitschrift der Sowjetunion",
  keywords =     "quantum theory",
}

@Article{Gamow:1932:ODS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Outlines of the Development of the Studies on the
                 Atomic Nucleus: Theory of Radioactive Decay
                 ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-PHYS-USPEKHI,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "531--544",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "PHUSEY",
  ISSN =         "1063-7869 (print), 1468-4780 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7869",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 11:27:42 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics-Uspekhi",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670",
  language =     "Russian",
  xxpages =      "13--??",
  xxvolume =     "12",
}

@Article{Gamow:1932:QTN,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Quantum theory of nuclear structure",
  journal =      "Reale Accademia d'Italia. Fondazione Alessandro Volta.
                 Atti dei Convegni I: Convegno di Fisica nucleare,
                 Ottobre 1931. Roma",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "65--81",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:16:40 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "May be the same as \cite{Gamow:1932:TQD}.",
  ZMnumber =     "58.1369.02",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "This paper was read by Max Delbr{\"u}ck, because the
                 USSR authorities refused to grant Gamow an exit visa.
                 Gamow received a postcard of greetings signed by more
                 than a dozen famous physicists in attendance at the
                 conference in Rome, most of whom later received the
                 Nobel Prize.",
  reviewer =     "Prof. W. Kofink (Frankfurt am Main)",
  xxyear =       "1931",
}

@Article{Gamow:1932:RDN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Radioactive Disintegration and Nuclear Spin",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "129",
  number =       "3256",
  pages =        "470--470",
  day =          "26",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/129470a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1932:SAN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The structure of the atomic nucleus and the
                 transformation of the elements",
  journal =      "Sorena",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "16--38",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:44:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1932:SAY,
  author =       "G. A. Gamow",
  title =        "Stroenie Atomnogo Yadra i Radioaktivn ost'.
                 ({Russian}) [{The} Constitution of the Atomic Nuclei
                 and Radioactivity]",
  publisher =    "GTTI",
  address =      "Moscow and Leningrad, USSR",
  pages =        "146",
  year =         "1932",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 08:06:44 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1932:TQD,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Teoria quantica delta struttura nucleare. ({Italian})
                 [{Quantum} theory of nuclear structure]",
  journal =      "Nuovo Cimento",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "xxxii--xxxv",
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:47:42 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Italian",
  remark =       "May be the same as \cite{Gamow:1932:QTN}.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:CRR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Cosmic Radiation. ({Russian})",
  journal =      "Sorena",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "36--56",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:52:43 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:DEN,
  author =       "George Gamow and S. Rosenblum",
  title =        "Les diam{\`e}tres effectifs des noyaux radioactifs.
                 ({French}) [{The} effective diameters of radioactive
                 nuclei]",
  journal =      "Comptes Rendus des S{\'e}ances de L'Acad{\'e}mie des
                 Sciences",
  volume =       "197",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1620--1622",
  day =          "18",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 11:32:59 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "59.0804.19",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:FES,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "On the formation of the elements in stars.
                 ({Russian})",
  journal =      "Uspekhi Astronomicheskich Nauk",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "72--83",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:53:40 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:FSN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Fundamental State of Nuclear $ \alpha $-Particles",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "131",
  number =       "3313",
  pages =        "618--619",
  day =          "29",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/131618b0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:ITS,
  author =       "George Gamow and Lev Landau",
  title =        "Internal Temperature of Stars",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "132",
  number =       "3336",
  pages =        "567--567",
  day =          "7",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/132567b0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1933Natur.132..567G",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 59.1631.05",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@TechReport{Gamow:1933:LRN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{L}'Origine des rayons et les niveaux d'{\'e}nergie
                 nucleaires. ({French}). [{The} origin of rays and
                 nuclear energy levels]",
  volume =       "7",
  institution =  "98000 Institut Solvay (Physique)",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1933",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 11:29:52 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
  xxjournal =    "Institut Internationale de Physique Solvay. Conseil de
                 Physique. Rapports et discussions",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:MED,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Mechanism of $ \gamma $-Excitation by $ \beta
                 $-Disintegration",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "131",
  number =       "3298",
  pages =        "57--58",
  day =          "14",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/131057b0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 59.0804.26",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:NAT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Neutrons and artificial transformation of elements.
                 ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-PRIRODA-MOSCOW,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "16--21",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "PRIRA3",
  ISSN =         "0032-874X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:50:29 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Priroda (Moscow, Russian Federation) [Nature]",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:NEL,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Nuclear Energy Levels",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "131",
  number =       "3308",
  pages =        "433--433",
  day =          "25",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/131433a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:ODT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Outline of development of the theory of the structure
                 of atomic nuclei. ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-USPEKHI-FIZ-NAUK,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "46--57",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "UFNAAG",
  ISSN =         "0042-1294 (print), 1996-6652 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-1294",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:02:41 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk",
  journal-URL =  "http://ufn.ru/en/articles/",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:PCR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The problem of cosmic rays. ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-PRIRODA-MOSCOW,
  volume =       "3--4",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "36--39",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "PRIRA3",
  ISSN =         "0032-874X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:51:39 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Priroda (Moscow, Russian Federation) [Nature]",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:PEP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Is the proton an elementary particle?. ({Russian})",
  journal =      "Sorena",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "105--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:00:59 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1933:TDE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The theory of {Dirac} electrons and positive",
  journal =      "Sorena",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "25--30",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1933",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 07:57:36 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:ARE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Artificial radioactive elements. ({Russian})",
  journal =      "Sorena",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "3--7",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:09:39 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:EDT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Essay on the development of the theory of atomic
                 nucleus. {Decay} problem",
  journal =      j-USPEKHI-FIZ-NAUK,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "389--406",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "UFNAAG",
  ISSN =         "0042-1294 (print), 1996-6652 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-1294",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:03:48 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk",
  journal-URL =  "http://ufn.ru/en/articles/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:ESA,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Empirische Stabilit{\"a}tsgrenzen von Atomkernen}.
                 ({German}) [{Empirical} stability limits of atomic
                 nuclei]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "89",
  number =       "9--10",
  pages =        "592--596",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01341475",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:21:50 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See note \cite{Racah:1935:BAH}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/x6v71670rm3t1576/",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0009.18506",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:HSM,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "{{\"U}ber den heutigen Stand (20. Mai 1934) der
                 Theorie des $ \beta $-Zerfalls}. ({German}) [{On} the
                 current status ({20 May 1934}) of the theory of $ \beta
                 $ decay]",
  journal =      j-PHYSIKAL-Z,
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "533--542",
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "PHZTAO",
  ISSN =         "0369-982X",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:19:55 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0009.27405",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physikalische Zeitschrift",
  journal-URL =  "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000541302",
  keywords =     "{quantum theory}",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:ICS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{International Congress} on the structure of atomic
                 nuclei",
  journal =      "Sorena",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "16--21",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:04:57 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:IN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Isomeric Nuclei?",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "133",
  number =       "3370",
  pages =        "833--833",
  day =          "2",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/133833b0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:MIN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Modern Ideas on Nuclear Constitution",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "133",
  number =       "3368",
  pages =        "744--747",
  day =          "19",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/133744a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0009.13807",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:NPN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Negative Protons and Nuclear Structure",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "728--729",
  day =          "15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.45.728",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:32 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v45/i10/p728_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:NSR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Nuclear Spin of Radioactive Elements",
  journal =      j-PROC-R-SOC-LOND-SER-A-MATH-PHYS,
  volume =       "146",
  number =       "856",
  pages =        "217--222",
  day =          "1",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1934",
  ISSN =         "0950-1207 (print), 2053-9150 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2935489.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A,
                 Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical
                 Character",
  journal-URL =  "http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1934:SGS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "A Sketch of the Growth of the Study of the Structure
                 of the Atomic Nucleus. ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-PHYS-USPEKHI,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "PHUSEY",
  ISSN =         "1063-7869 (print), 1468-4780 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7869",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 11:34:58 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics-Uspekhi",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1935:GSP,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  booktitle =    "Papers and discussion of the International Conference
                 on Physics. London, 1934, V. A.",
  title =        "General stability-problems of atomic nuclei",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "60--71",
  year =         "1935",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:22:07 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0012.09004",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  keywords =     "quantum theory",
}

@Article{Gamow:1935:NAF,
  author =       "Georges Gamow",
  title =        "Les noyaux atomiques. ({French}) [{Atomic} nuclei]",
  journal =      j-ANN-INST-HENRI-POINCARE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "89--114",
  year =         "1935",
  CODEN =        "AIHPA2",
  ISSN =         "0365-320x (print), 2400-4855 (electronic)",
  MRnumber =     "1508025",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:03:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIHP_1935__5_2_89_0",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0011.42504",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar{\'e}",
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "Check: One source lists this as December 1933.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1935:NP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Negative Proton",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "135",
  number =       "3421",
  pages =        "858--861",
  day =          "24",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1935",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/135858a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1935:NTO,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Nuclear Transformations and the Origin of the Chemical
                 Elements",
  journal =      j-OHIO-J-SCI,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "406--413",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1935",
  CODEN =        "OJSCA9",
  ISSN =         "0030-0950",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:55:40 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://hdl.handle.net/1811/2763;
                 https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/2763/V35N05_406.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Ohio Journal of Science",
  remark =       "The issue contains the proceedings of the Symposium on
                 The Nucleus of the Atom and its Structure held by the
                 Ohio State Chapter of the Society of the Sigma Xi.",
  tableofcontents = "Front Matter / / p. 0 \\
                 Foreword / \\
                 Blake, F. C. / pp. 309-310 \\
                 Nuclear Phenomena and Cosmic Rays / \\
                 Swann, W. F. G. / pp. 311-342 \\
                 Energies and Products Involved in Nuclear
                 Disintegration and Synthesis / \\
                 Pool, M. L. / pp. 343-361 \\
                 Deuterium as a Research Tool in the Physical and
                 Biological Sciences / \\
                 Johnston, Herrick L. / pp. 362-387 \\
                 Artificial Radioactivity / \\
                 Lawrence, E. O. / pp. 388-405 \\
                 Nuclear Transformations and the Origin of the Chemical
                 Elements / \\
                 Gamow, G. / pp. 406-414 \\
                 Back Matter / / \\
                 p. 999",
  xxnote =       "Correct pages (from PDF file) are 406--413.",
  xxpages =      "1--7",
}

@InProceedings{Gamow:1935:QTN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  booktitle =    "International conference in physics. London, 1934.
                 Papers and discussions: V. A. London",
  title =        "Quantum theory of nuclear structure",
  volume =       "??",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "60--71",
  year =         "1935",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:05:59 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Bloch:1936:PRE,
  author =       "Felix Bloch and George Gamow",
  title =        "On the Probability of $ \gamma $-Ray Emission",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "260--260",
  day =          "1",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1936",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.50.260",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:32 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v50/i3/p260_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Book{Gamow:1936:CRN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Cin{\'e}tique des r{\'e}actions nucl{\'e}ares.
                 ({French}) [{Kinetics} of Nuclear Reactions]",
  publisher =    "Hermann",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1936",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:12:50 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{Gamow:1936:LCR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "\ldots{} Cin{\'e}tique des r{\'e}actions
                 nucl{\'e}aires. ({French}) [{Kinetics} of nuclear
                 reactions]",
  publisher =    pub-HERMANN,
  address =      pub-HERMANN:adr,
  pages =        "21 + 1",
  year =         "1936",
  LCCN =         "Q111 .A3 no. 369",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Expos{\'e}s de physique th{\'e}orique, publi{\'e} sous
                 la direction de m. Louis de Broglie\ldots{} xvi.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "Actualit{\'e}s scientifiques et industrielles, 369.",
  subject =      "Radioactivity; Atoms",
}

@Article{Gamow:1936:PSP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Possibility of Selective Phenomena for Fast Neutrons",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "946--946",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1936",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.49.946",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:32 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v49/i12/p946_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1936:SRD,
  author =       "George Gamow and Edward Teller",
  title =        "Selection Rules for the $ \beta $-Disintegration",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV-2,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "895--899",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1936",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.49.895",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 19:08:03 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v49/i12/p895_1",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0014.23707",
  abstract =     "The selection rules for $ \beta $-transformations are
                 stated on the basis of the neutrino theory outlined by
                 Fermi. If it is assumed that the spins of the heavy
                 particles have a direct effect on the disintegration
                 these rules are modified.\par

                 It is shown that whereas the original selection rules
                 of Fermi lead to difficulties if one tries to assign
                 spins to the members of the thorium family, the
                 modified selection rules are in agreement with the
                 available experimental evidence.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968); Edward Teller
                 (1908--2003)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review (2)",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  keywords =     "quantum theory",
  LSnumber =     "18",
}

@Article{Gamow:1937:HSJ,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{{\"U}ber den heutigen Stand (1. Juni 1937) der
                 Theorie des $ \beta $-Zerfalls} [{On} the current
                 status ({1 June 1933}) of the theory of $ \beta $
                 decay]",
  journal =      j-PHYSIKAL-Z,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "800--814",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1937",
  CODEN =        "PHZTAO",
  ISSN =         "0369-982X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:15:26 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physikalische Zeitschrift",
  journal-URL =  "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000541302",
}

@Article{Gamow:1937:LES,
  author =       "George Gamow and Edward Teller",
  title =        "Letter to Editor: Some Generalizations of the $ \beta
                 $-Transformation Theory",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "289--289",
  day =          "15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1937",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.51.289",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 19:08:03 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v51/i4/p289_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968); Edward Teller
                 (1908--2003)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  LSnumber =     "19",
}

@Book{Gamow:1937:SAN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Structure of Atomic Nuclei and Nuclear
                 Transformations",
  volume =       "235",
  publisher =    pub-CLARENDON,
  address =      pub-CLARENDON:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xi + 1 + 270 + 1",
  year =         "1937",
  LCCN =         "QC173 .G3 1937",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:01:13 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "The international series of monographs on physics",
  ZMnumber =     "JFM 63.1422.17",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "First edition title: \booktitle{Constitution of atomic
                 nuclei and radioactivity}.",
  subject =      "Nuclear physics; Radioactivity; Atoms",
}

@Article{Chandrasekhar:1938:PSE,
  author =       "Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and George Gamow and Merle
                 A. Tuve",
  title =        "The Problem of Stellar Energy",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "141",
  number =       "3578",
  pages =        "982--982",
  day =          "28",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/141982a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1938Natur.141..982C",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:KES,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "{Kernumwandlungen als Energiequelle der Sterne}.
                 ({German}) [{Nuclear} reactions as an energy source of
                 stars]",
  journal =      j-Z-ASTROPHYSIK,
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "113--160",
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "ZEASAJ",
  ISSN =         "0372-8331",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:39:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0019.38104",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{"u}r Astrophysik}",
  keywords =     "Astrophysics",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:LED,
  author =       "Georges Gamow",
  title =        "{L'{\'e}volution} des {\'e}toiles du point de vue de
                 la physique moderne. ({French}) [{The} evolution of
                 stars in the view of modern physics]",
  journal =      j-ANN-INST-HENRI-POINCARE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "193--211",
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "AIHPA2",
  ISSN =         "0365-320x (print), 2400-4855 (electronic)",
  MRnumber =     "1508046",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 08:59:56 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIHP_1938__8_5_193_0",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0020.43103",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Ann. Inst. H. Poincar{\'e}",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar{\'e}",
  language =     "French",
  xxpages =      "193--215",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:LER,
  author =       "George Gamow and Edward Teller",
  title =        "Letter to Editor: The Rate of Selective Thermonuclear
                 Reactions",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "608--609",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.53.608",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 19:08:03 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v53/i7/p608_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968); Edward Teller
                 (1908--2003)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  LSnumber =     "27",
  remark =       "This paper discusses energy production in stars, and
                 was mentioned by the Swedish presenter in his
                 introduction of Hans Bethe at the ceremonies for
                 Bethe's 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:NCS,
  author =       "George Gamow and Edward Teller",
  title =        "On the Neutron Core of Stars",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "929--930",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.53.913",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 11:38:51 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/vtoc/PR/v53/i11/p913_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  remark =       "Not in APS database: there is a 42-page gap between
                 Issue 11 June 1938, pp. 855--913 and Issue 12 June
                 1938, pp. 955--1022. Check author order??",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:NES,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Nuclear Energy Sources and Stellar Evolution",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "595--604",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.53.595",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:18:30 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1938PhRv...53..595G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v53/i7/p595_1",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0018.28501",
  abstract =     "The behavior of a star with a thermonuclear energy
                 source consistent with our present knowledge about
                 nuclear reactions is studied in relation to the
                 problems of stellar evolution and interpretation of the
                 Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and mass-luminosity
                 relation. It is found that in the case of ordinary
                 thermonuclear reactions, with the absence of selective
                 temperature effects (nuclear resonance) the central
                 temperature and luminosity of the star (with constant
                 mass) will rapidly increase in the process of
                 evolution. If, however, such selective effects are
                 present, the energy-production at the center of the
                 star will cease, beginning with the stage when the
                 central temperature reaches the selective value, and
                 energy will be produced only in a spherical shell
                 around the center. This shell will have exactly the
                 selective temperature value corresponding to the
                 thermonuclear reaction in question, and its radius will
                 slowly increase in the process of evolution causing a
                 very slow increase of luminosity. Finally, in the third
                 stage of evolution, when all hydrogen necessary for
                 thermonuclear reactions has been consumed, the star
                 will start a rapid contraction and, passing through the
                 high density stage, will end its life as a cool body.
                 It is also indicated that the star model with a shell
                 source does not possess the property of
                 ``super-stability'' characteristic for the point-source
                 models.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:SMS,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "A Star Model with Selective Thermo-Nuclear Source",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "87",
  pages =        "206--208",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/143919",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1938ApJ....87..206G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:TSE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Tracks of Stellar Evolution",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "907--908",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.53.907",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:17:43 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1938PhRv...53..907G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v53/i11/p907_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:TTN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Tentative Theory of Nov{\ae}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "480--480",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.54.480",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:17:08 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1938PhRv...54..480G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v54/i6/p480_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1938:ZBK,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "{Zusammenfassender Bericht. Kernumwandlungen als
                 Energiequelle der Sterne. Mit 10 Abbildungen}.
                 ({German}) [{Summary} Report. {Nuclear} transformations
                 as energy sources of stars. {With} 10 illustrations]",
  journal =      j-Z-ASTROPHYSIK,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "113--160",
  year =         "1938",
  CODEN =        "ZEASAJ",
  ISSN =         "0372-8331",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1938ZA.....16..113G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{"u}r Astrophysik}",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Critchfield:1939:SSS,
  author =       "C. L. Critchfield and G. Gamow",
  title =        "The Shell-Source Stellar Model",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "89",
  pages =        "244--254",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/144039",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939ApJ....89..244C",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:EPR,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "The Energy-Producing Reaction in the Sun",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "89",
  pages =        "130--133",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/144027",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939ApJ....89..130G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:ERG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Evolution of {Red Giants}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "796--797",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.796.2",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:15:37 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i8/p796_2",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0021.38401",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:EUOa,
  author =       "George Gamow and Edward Teller",
  title =        "The Expanding Universe and the Origin of the {Great
                 Nebul{\ae}}",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "143",
  number =       "3612",
  pages =        "116--117",
  day =          "21",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/143116a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939Natur.143..116G;
                 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v143/n3612/pdf/143116a0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:EUOb,
  author =       "George Gamow and Edward Teller",
  title =        "The Expanding Universe and the Origin of the {Great
                 Nebul{\ae}}",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "143",
  number =       "3618",
  pages =        "375--375",
  day =          "4",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/143375a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939Natur.143..375G;
                 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v143/n3618/pdf/143375a0.pdf",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0021.38305",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:LEE,
  author =       "George Gamow and Edward Teller",
  title =        "Letter to Editor: Energy Production in {Red Giants}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "791--791",
  day =          "15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.791",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 19:08:03 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i8/p791_1",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0021.38306",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968); Edward Teller
                 (1908--2003)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  LSnumber =     "37",
}

@Book{Gamow:1939:MTW,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins in Wonderland}: or, Stories of $c$,
                 {$G$}, and $h$",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "x + 91",
  year =         "1939",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:57:54 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Illustrated by John Hookham.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Dedicated to Lewis Carroll and Niels Bohr.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:NRSa,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Nuclear Reactions in Stellar Evolution",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "144",
  number =       "3648",
  pages =        "575--577",
  day =          "30",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/144575a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939Natur.144..575G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:NRSb,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Nuclear Reactions in Stellar Evolution*",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "144",
  number =       "3649",
  pages =        "620--622",
  day =          "7",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/144620a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939Natur.144..620G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:OGN,
  author =       "George Gamow and Edward Teller",
  title =        "On the Origin of {Great Nebul{\ae}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "654--657",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.654",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 19:08:03 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...55..654G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i7/p654_1",
  abstract =     "The formation of condensation due to gravitational
                 instability is discussed in a uniformly expanding
                 space. It is shown that such condensations cannot be
                 formed at the present stage of the development of the
                 universe but could have been formed in the past when
                 all linear dimensions were 600 times smaller. This
                 corresponds to the stage at which, according to
                 astronomical observations, nebulae have been separated
                 from each other. To get the correct dimensions of
                 nebulae it is necessary to accept that the velocities
                 of particles at the moment of separation were about 140
                 km/sec. which strongly suggests that these particles
                 were stars and not atoms. The type of expansion
                 necessary for the formation of nebulae indicates that
                 space is infinite and unlimitedly expanding.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968); Edward Teller
                 (1908--2003)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  LSnumber =     "36",
}

@Article{Gamow:1939:PPS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Physical Possibilities of Stellar Evolution",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "718--725",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.718",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:16:26 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...55..718G;
                 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.55.718",
  abstract =     "The evolution of gaseous bodies, caused by different
                 physical processes happening in their interior and
                 serving as energy sources, is considered qualitatively
                 and partially quantitatively in view of possible
                 applications for the explanation of various observed
                 states of known stars. It is shown that the part of
                 evolution during which the main source of energy is
                 given by thermonuclear reactions leads to a steadily
                 increasing luminosity and goes over continuously into
                 the contractive stage where the energy liberation is
                 purely gravitational. The later stages of contraction
                 and the transition into the state of degenerate gas
                 model are discussed, in application to the present
                 state of white dwarfs. Some remarks are made about the
                 possibility of neutron-core formation in heavier stars,
                 in application to the explosion phenomena observed in
                 supernovae. An attempt is made to explain the energy
                 production in red giants as due to thermonuclear
                 reactions of light elements (lithium, beryllium, and
                 boron), and the pulsation phenomena observed for
                 Cepheid variables is interpreted as due to instability
                 during the transitions from the giant branch into the
                 main sequence.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Teller:1939:FWC,
  author =       "Edward Teller and George Gamow and J. A. Fleming",
  title =        "{The Fifth Washington Conference on Theoretical
                 Physics}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "89",
  number =       "2304",
  pages =        "180--182",
  day =          "24",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.89.2304.180",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 07 12:34:45 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
  xxauthor =     "C. F. Squire and F. G. Brickwedde and E. Teller and M.
                 A. Tuve",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1940:BRB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Reviews: {{\booktitle{The Birth and Death of the
                 Sun}}, by G. Gamow}",
  journal =      "Popular Astronomy",
  volume =       "48",
  pages =        "397--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940PA.....48..397G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1940:BDS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Birth and Death of the Sun: Stellar Evolution and
                 Subatomic Energy",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 1 + 238",
  year =         "1940",
  LCCN =         "QB44 .G26",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940QB44.G26.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Charts on lining-papers. First published in June
                 1940.",
  subject =      "Sun; Evolution; Stars; Atoms",
}

@Article{Gamow:1940:BPN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Basic Principles of the New Mechanics",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "358--364",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/17355.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1940:DMP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Dualism in the Modern Physics",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--79",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/17022.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1940:ES,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Evolution of the Stars",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "146",
  number =       "3690",
  pages =        "97--97",
  day =          "20",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/146097a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940Natur.146...97G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1940:PRN,
  author =       "George Gamow and M. Schoenberg",
  title =        "The Possible Role of Neutrinos in Stellar Evolution",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1117--1117",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.58.1117",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940PhRv...58.1117G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v58/i12/p1117_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1940:RUS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: Has the {Universe} a Soul? : {{\booktitle{The
                 Soul of the Universe}} by Gustaf Stromberg}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "564--565",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940SciMo..51..564S;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/17151.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Book{Gamow:1941:BEP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biography of the {Earth}: Its Past, Present, and
                 Future",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "xiii, [1], 242",
  year =         "1941",
  LCCN =         "QE501 .G35",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Earth; Cosmogony",
}

@Article{Gamow:1941:HSB,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "How Stars are Born",
  journal =      "American Weekly",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "22",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1941",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:21:41 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1941:NTS,
  author =       "George Gamow and M. Schoenberg",
  title =        "Neutrino Theory of Stellar Collapse",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "539--547",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1941",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.59.539",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1941PhRv...59..539G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v59/i7/p539_1",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0026.04803",
  abstract =     "At the very high temperatures and densities which must
                 exist in the interior of contracting stars during the
                 later stages of their evolution, one must expect a
                 special type of nuclear processes accompanied by the
                 emission of a large number of neutrinos. These
                 neutrinos penetrating almost without difficulty the
                 body of the star, must carry away very large amounts of
                 energy and prevent the central temperature from rising
                 above a certain limit. This must cause a rapid
                 contraction of the stellar body ultimately resulting in
                 a catastrophic collapse. It is shown that energy losses
                 through the neutrinos produced in reactions between
                 free electrons and oxygen nuclei can cause a complete
                 collapse of the star within the time period of half an
                 hour. Although the main energy losses in such collapses
                 are due to neutrino emission which escapes direct
                 observation. the heating of the body of a collapsing
                 star must necessarily lead to the rapid expansion of
                 the outer layers and the tremendous increase of
                 luminosity. It is suggested that stellar collapses of
                 this kind are responsible for the phenomena of novae
                 and supernovae, the difference between the two being
                 probably due to the difference of their masses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1941:NVS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Neutrinos vs. Supernov{\ae}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1941 (??)",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 11:52:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1941:OSB,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Our Sun is Bound to Explode",
  journal =      "Popular Astronomy",
  volume =       "49",
  pages =        "360--??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1941",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1941PA.....49..360G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1941:RID,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Relative Importance of Different Elements for Neutrino
                 Production",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "617--618",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1941",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.59.617",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v59/i7/p617_1",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0026.04804",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Teller:1941:SAW,
  author =       "Edward Teller and George Gamow and J. A. Fleming",
  title =        "{The Seventh Annual Washington Conference of
                 Theoretical Physics, May 22--24, 1941}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "94",
  number =       "2430",
  pages =        "92--94",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1941",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.94.2430.92",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1669027.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:BE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biography of the {Earth}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "2482",
  pages =        "84--85",
  day =          "24",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.96.2482.84-b",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:50:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:BEI,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biography of the {Earth}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "2482",
  pages =        "84--85",
  day =          "24",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1670096.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Book{Gamow:1942:BTS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biograf{\'\i}a de la tierra. ({Spanish}) [{Story} of
                 the {Earth}]",
  publisher =    "Espasa-Calpe argentina, s. a.",
  address =      "Buenos Aires, Argentina y M{\'e}xico, M{\'e}ico",
  pages =        "3 + 9--264",
  year =         "1942",
  LCCN =         "QE501 .G353",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Translation to Spanish by Manuel Balanzat.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Spanish",
  subject =      "Earth; Cosmogony",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:COC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Concerning the Origin of Chemical Elements",
  journal =      j-J-WASH-ACAD-SCI,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "353--355",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "JWASA3",
  ISSN =         "0043-0439",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 11:42:50 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "https://archive.org/stream/journalofwashin321942wash#page/353/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  book-URL =     "https://archive.org/details/journalofwashin321942wash",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.washacadsci.org/Journal/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:EAW,
  author =       "George Gamow and J. A. Fleming",
  title =        "The {Eighth Annual Washington Conference of
                 Theoretical Physics}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "2475",
  pages =        "579--581",
  day =          "5",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.95.2475.579",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1667728.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:LHT,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "A Layman's History of the Theory of {Relativity}.
                 (Books on Science for Laymen: From {Copernicus} to
                 {Einstein})",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "55",
  pages =        "569--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1942SciMo..55..569R",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:MMW,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Many More Worlds like Ours",
  journal =      "American Weekly",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "4",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:22:24 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1942:MTD,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  booktitle =    "{Mr. Tompkins} i Dr{\o}mmeland. ({Danish}) [{Mr.
                 Tompkins in Wonderland}]",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins} i Dr{\o}mmeland. ({Danish}) [{Mr.
                 Tompkins in Wonderland}]",
  publisher =    "Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag",
  address =      "K{\o}benhavn, Danmark",
  pages =        "95",
  year =         "1942",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 04 14:08:53 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.kb.dk:2100/KGL01",
  note =         "Forord af Niels Bohr.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Danish",
}

@Book{Gamow:1942:NMD,
  author =       "George Gamow and Ernesto R. S{\'a}bato",
  title =        "Nacimiento y muerte del sol: evoluci{\'o}n estelar y
                 energ{\'\i}a intraat{\'o}mica. ({Spanish}) [{The} Birth
                 and Death of the Sun: Stellar Evolution and Subatomic
                 Energy]",
  publisher =    "Esapsa-Calpe Argentina, S.A.",
  address =      "Buenos Aires y M{\'e}xico",
  pages =        "257 + 1",
  year =         "1942",
  LCCN =         "QB44 .G265",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:04:58 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1942QB44.G265......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Spanish",
  subject =      "Sun; Stars; Atoms",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:NVS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Neutrinos vs. Supernov{\ae}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--70",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1942SciMo..54...65G;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/17474.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:RDP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: Do Physical Theories Support Philosophical
                 Doctrines?",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "473--474",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/17571.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1942:RLH,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: a Layman's History of the Theory of
                 Relativity: {{\booktitle{From Copernicus to Einstein}}
                 by Hans Reichenbach}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "569--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/17860.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1943:CEM,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Contractive Evolution of Massive Stars",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "98",
  pages =        "498--499",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1943",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/144580",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1943ApJ....98..498G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1943:WWS,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "On {WC} and {WN} Stars",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "98",
  pages =        "500--500",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1943",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/144581",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1943ApJ....98..500G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
  keywords =     "Wolf--Rayet stars",
}

@Article{Gamow:1944:ECS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Evolution of Contracting Stars",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "20--32",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1944",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.65.20",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1944PhRv...65...20G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v65/i1-2/p20_1",
  abstract =     "By use of the method of successive homology
                 transformations in conjunction with
                 {Bialobjeski--Eddington}'s formula, it is possible to
                 predict the changes of radii and luminosities of
                 massive stars in different stages of their hydrogen and
                 contractive evolution. It is shown that at a certain
                 stage of contraction the star must reach the maximum of
                 its luminosity, and it is calculated that for the star
                 masses of 5, 10, 20, and 40 suns the maximum
                 luminosities are 1$ \times $ 10$^5$, 4$ \times $
                 10$^5$, 1$ \times $ 10$^6$, and 4$ \times $ 10$^6$
                 suns, respectively. In the later contractive stages
                 total luminosity of the star remains constant whereas
                 its visual luminosity rapidly deceases because of the
                 shift of energy into the ultraviolet part of the
                 spectrum. It is to be expected that for such high
                 values of the (luminosity)/(mass) ratio, radiation
                 pressure becomes strong enough to eject stellar
                 atmospheres into the surrounding space, and it is shown
                 that the ejection will actually take place if the force
                 of gravity on the stellar surface will be somewhat
                 reduced by the centrifugal force due to axial rotation.
                 It is also shown that under the conditions existing in
                 the ejective atmospheres of Wolf--Rayet stars,
                 radiation pressure is primarily due to the light
                 scattering by free electrons. In discussing the motion
                 of the ejected gases, it may be necessary to assume
                 that their original velocity of about 2000 km/sec. can
                 be considerably reduced by the gravitational action of
                 the star. If this is the case, gaseous envelopes which
                 will form around Wolf--Rayet stars in the course of
                 several centuries will possess properties very similar
                 to those of the planetary nebulae. This would indicate
                 a close evolutionary relationship between these two
                 classes of celestial objects. An alternative
                 evolutionary road of a massive star consists in the
                 formation of an energy-producing shell, which will take
                 place in all cases where the convective currents due to
                 axial rotation are not fast enough to secure
                 homogeneity of stellar matter. It is indicated that the
                 growth of such shells will probably lead to the
                 formation of an extensive atmosphere which offers
                 certain possibilities for the interpretation of the
                 so-called red giant stars as intermediate evolutionary
                 stages between the stars of the main sequence and the
                 Wolf--Rayet stars. In conclusion the problem of stellar
                 collapse, which is expected to take place towards the
                 end of contractive evolution, is discussed in some
                 detail.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Book{Gamow:1944:MTE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins} Explores the Atom",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "x + 97",
  year =         "1944",
  LCCN =         "QC173 .G32",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:13:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Atoms",
}

@Book{Gamow:1945:BDS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Birth and Death of the Sun: Stellar Evolution and
                 Subatomic Energy",
  publisher =    pub-PENGUIN-PRESS,
  address =      pub-PENGUIN-PRESS:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 2 + 219",
  year =         "1945",
  LCCN =         "QB44 .G26 1945",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Pelican books",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1945QB44.G26.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "First Pelican books edition December, 1945.",
  subject =      "Sun; Evolution; Stars; Atoms",
}

@Article{Gamow:1945:NTC,
  author =       "G. Gamow and J. A. Hynek",
  title =        "A New Theory by {C. F. von Weizs{\"a}cker} of the
                 Origin of the Planetary System",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "101",
  pages =        "249--254",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1945",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/144711",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1945ApJ...101..249G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
  xxtitle =      "Recent Progress in Astrophysics",
}

@Article{Gamow:1945:RGS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The {Red-Giant} Stage of Stellar Evolution",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "120--121",
  day =          "1",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1945",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.67.120.2",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1945PhRv...67..120G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v67/i3-4/p120_2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1945:SSM,
  author =       "George Gamow and G. Keller",
  title =        "A Shell Source Model for {Red Giant} Stars",
  journal =      j-REV-MOD-PHYS,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2--3",
  pages =        "125--137",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1945",
  CODEN =        "RMPHAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.17.125",
  ISSN =         "0034-6861 (print), 1538-4527 (electronic), 1539-0756",
  ISSN-L =       "0034-6861",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 22 16:36:33 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://rmp.aps.org/toc/RMP/v17/i2--3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revmodphys1940.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1945RvMP...17..125G;
                 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.17.125;
                 http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v17/i2-3/p125_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Reviews of Modern Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://rmp.aps.org/browse",
}

@Book{Gamow:1946:AEC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Atomic Energy in Cosmic and Human Life: Fifty Years of
                 Radioactivity",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "x + 161",
  year =         "1946",
  LCCN =         "QC173 .G28",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Also issued by Macmillan, New York.",
  subject =      "Nuclear energy",
}

@Article{Gamow:1946:EUO,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Expanding Universe and the Origin of Elements",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "7--8",
  pages =        "572--573",
  day =          "1",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.70.572.2",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Gamow:1947:EEU}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1946PhRv...70..572G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v70/i7-8/p572_2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  remark =       "According to \cite[page 814]{Chernin:1994:HGC}, this
                 paper is the first to predict a constant cosmic
                 background radiation that is now viewed as compelling
                 evidence for the correctness of the Big Bang theory
                 over the competing Static Universe theory of Fred Hoyle
                 and co-workers. See the comments in the preamble of
                 this bibliography for the relation of Gamow's work in
                 this paper to that of four subsequent winners of two
                 Nobel Prizes in Physics in 1978 and 2006.",
}

@Book{Gamow:1946:MTU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins} utforskar atomen. ({Swedish}) [{Mr.
                 Tompkins} explores the atom]",
  publisher =    "Natur och kultur",
  address =      "Stockholm, Sweden",
  pages =        "102",
  year =         "1946",
  LCCN =         "QC778 .G37",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:13:19 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Swedish",
  subject =      "Atoms",
}

@Article{Gamow:1946:NTS,
  author =       "G. Gamow and M. Schoenberg",
  title =        "Neutrino theory of stellar collapse",
  journal =      "Publications of the {American Astronomical Society}",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "126--130",
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1946PAAS...10..126G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1946:RU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Rotating Universe?",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "158",
  number =       "4016",
  pages =        "549--549",
  day =          "19",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/158549a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "This short letter is reprinted in its entirety in
                 \cite[Figure 2, page 500]{Rindler:2009:GEMa}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1946Natur.158..549G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Book{Gamow:1947:AEC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Atomic Energy in Cosmic and Human Life: Fifty Years of
                 Radioactivity",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1947",
  LCCN =         "QC173 .G28 1947",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Nuclear energy",
}

@Book{Gamow:1947:AMO,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Atomen, m{\"a}nniskan och universum. ({Swedish})
                 [{The} Atom, Man, and the Universe]",
  publisher =    "Bonnier",
  address =      "Stockholm, Sweden",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1947",
  LCCN =         "QC778 .G358",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Swedish",
  subject =      "Nuclear energy",
}

@Article{Gamow:1947:EEU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Erratum: Expanding Universe and the Origin of Elements
                 {Phys. Rev. 70, 572--573 (1946)}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "273--273",
  day =          "15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1947",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.71.273",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gamow:1946:EUO}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1947PhRv...71..273G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v71/i4/p273_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Book{Gamow:1947:GTS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Geburt und Tod der Sonne: Sternbildung und subatomare
                 Energie}. ({German}) [{The} Birth and Death of the Sun:
                 Stellar Evolution and Subatomic Energy]",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    pub-BIRKHAUSER,
  address =      pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 284",
  year =         "1947",
  LCCN =         "QB44 .G263",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:04:58 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Translated from English to German by Baron E.
                 (Emanuel) von der Pahlen.",
  series =       "Wissenschaft und Kultur",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0032.38305",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "sun; stars; atoms",
}

@Book{Gamow:1947:OTT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "One, Two, Three, \ldots{} Infinity",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1947",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:59:34 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1947:PNM,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Probability of Nuclear Meson-Absorption",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "550--551",
  day =          "15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1947",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.71.550.2",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v71/i8/p550_2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1947:RTM,
  author =       "George Gamow and Paul R. Heyl and James J. Jelinek",
  title =        "Review: They Move in the Void:: {{\booktitle{Meet the
                 Atoms}} by O. R. Frisch}, {{\booktitle{The Atomic
                 Story}} by John W. Campbell}, {{\booktitle{Explaining
                 the Atom}} by Selig Hecht}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "165--167",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1947",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/19016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Alpher:1948:OCE,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Hans Bethe and George Gamow",
  title =        "The Origin of Chemical Elements",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "803--804",
  day =          "1",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.73.803",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib",
  note =         "See historical retrospective \cite{Turner:2008:PCA}
                 and comments \cite{Amett:2009:HHN}.",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v73/i7/p803_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  mynote =       "See comments in \cite{Dyson:1993:GGP} and
                 \cite{Weber:1973:RWS}.",
  remark =       "Gamow added, without permission (but was later
                 forgiven), Bethe's name to this paper to make its
                 author list resemble the first three letters of the
                 Greek alphabet. While the details of the paper were
                 later shown to be incorrect, it was enormously
                 influential in cosmology, and has long been known as
                 the $ \alpha \beta \gamma $ paper.",
}

@Article{Alpher:1948:TRE,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert Herman and George A.
                 Gamow",
  title =        "Thermonuclear Reactions in the Expanding Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1198--1199",
  day =          "1",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.74.1198.2",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Alpher:1949:ETR}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948PhRv...74.1198A;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v74/i9/p1198_2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  remark =       "Steven Weinberg
                 \cite{Weinberg:1977:FTM,Weinberg:1993:FTM} (1979 Nobel
                 Prize in Physics) says ``Gamow, Alpher, and Herman
                 deserve enormous respect, apart from anything else,
                 because they were ready to treat seriously the early
                 Universe and study what the physical laws should say
                 about the first three minutes.''",
}

@Book{Gamow:1948:BEP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biography of the {Earth}: Its Past, Present and
                 Future",
  publisher =    pub-NAL,
  address =      pub-NAL:adr,
  pages =        "194",
  year =         "1948",
  LCCN =         "QE501 .G35 1948",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "N.A.L. Mentor books; A Pelican Mentor book",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Earth; Cosmogony",
}

@Article{Gamow:1948:EU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Evolution of the Universe",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "162",
  number =       "4122",
  pages =        "680--682",
  day =          "30",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/162680a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948Natur.162..680G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1948:GF,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Galaxies in Flight",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "179",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--24",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 12:02:03 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  keywords =     "`synthetic' elements; cosmology; element abundance;
                 galactic recession; red shift; universe expansion",
  remark =       "Reprinted, with prefatory updates to the science, in
                 \cite{Gamow:2004:GF}",
  xxpages =      "21--24",
}

@InProceedings{Gamow:1948:GSP,
  author =       "George Gamow and J. Belzer and J. Keller",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Scientific Computation Forum",
  title =        "General stability-problems of atomic nuclei",
  publisher =    "IBM Corporation",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "67--69",
  year =         "1948",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:41:16 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1948:MTS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Mixed Types of Stellar Populations",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "162",
  number =       "4125",
  pages =        "816--816",
  day =          "20",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/162816a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948Natur.162..816G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1948:OES,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Origin of Elements and the Separation of
                 Galaxies",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "505--506",
  day =          "15",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.74.505.2",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Bernstein:1986:CCP}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1948PhRv...74..505G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v74/i4/p505_2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1948:OI,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Origin of the Ice",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "179",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  xxtitle =      "Origin of Ice",
}

@Article{Gamow:1948:RN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The reality of neutrinos",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--7, 30--31",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3066092",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aip.org/link/?PTO/1/4/1",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Alpher:1949:ETR,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert Herman and George A.
                 Gamow",
  title =        "Erratum: Thermonuclear Reactions in the Expanding
                 Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "701--701",
  day =          "15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.75.701",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Alpher:1948:TRE}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1949PhRv...75..701A;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v75/i4/p701_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Alpher:1949:OE,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman and George A.
                 Gamow",
  title =        "On the origin of the elements",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "332--332",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.75.325",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:44:43 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v75/i2/p325_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Book{Gamow:1949:BDS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Birth and Death of the Sun",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 245",
  year =         "1949",
  LCCN =         "QB44 .G26 1949",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Original edition 1945.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1949QB44.G26.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Sun; Stars; Atoms",
}

@Article{Gamow:1949:E,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Errata",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "35--35",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3066480",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gamow:1949:PT}.",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v2/i4/p35_s1",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
  remark =       "Minor correction in the value of the Rydberg
                 constant.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1949:EN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Die Existenz der Neutrinos}. ({German}) [{Existence}
                 of the neutrino]",
  journal =      j-PHYS-BL,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "108--114",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "PHBLAG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19490050302",
  ISSN =         "0031-9279 (print), 1521-3722 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9279",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 08:53:18 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/phbl.19490050302/abstract",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Physikalische Bl{\"a}tter}",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3722",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1949:PT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Any physics tomorrow?",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--21",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3066352",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See minor erratum \cite{Gamow:1949:E}.",
  URL =          "http://link.aip.org/link/?PTO/2/16/1",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1949:RBP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Unitary Principle in Physics and
                 Biology}} by Lancelot Law Whyte}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "110",
  number =       "2862",
  pages =        "483--??",
  day =          "4",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1676041.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1949:RC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "On Relativistic Cosmogony",
  journal =      j-REV-MOD-PHYS,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "367--373",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "RMPHAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.21.367",
  ISSN =         "0034-6861 (print), 1538-4527 (electronic), 1539-0756",
  ISSN-L =       "0034-6861",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 22 16:36:38 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://rmp.aps.org/toc/RMP/v21/i3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revmodphys1940.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1949RvMP...21..367G;
                 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.21.367;
                 http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v21/i3/p367_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Reviews of Modern Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://rmp.aps.org/browse",
  remark =       "At the bottom on page 369, column 1, of this paper,
                 the author refers humorously to the work of ``Alpher,
                 Bethe, Gamow, and Delter'', the latter meaning Robert
                 Herman, who declined to change his family name to
                 Delter when Gamow suggested that he do so in the
                 interests of their joint publications",
}

@Article{Gamow:1949:S,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Supernovae",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "181",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Book{Gamow:1949:SSH,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Sengo shuppan honyaku genshiryoku, butsurigaku kankei
                 tosho",
  publisher =    "Hakuyosha",
  address =      "Tokyo, Japan",
  pages =        "???? (volumes 24)",
  year =         "1949--1967 (Showa 24--42)",
  LCCN =         "CLC QD461 nos. 1-24",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "Collection of works on atomic theory and psysics,
                 translated from chiefly English, and some French,
                 German, and Russian languages, and published after the
                 World War II.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Atomic theory; Physics",
  tableofcontents = "[1] Butsurigaku wa ikani tsukurareta ka (gekan) /
                 Ainshutain, Inferuto cho \\
                 [2] Shot{\=o} genshikaku riron / H. A. B{\=e}te cho \\
                 [3] Kakurubeki tokoro nashi / Buraddor{\=\i} cho \\
                 [4] Zoku Genshiryoku no sh{\=o}rai / H. W.
                 Bur{\=e}kusur{\=\i} cho \\
                 [5] Gendai butsurigaku no ronri / P. W. Burijjiman \\
                 [6] Genshiryoku to heiwa / K{\=a}ru W. Doicchu,
                 Furantsu Arekisand{\=a}, Henr{\=\i} N. Waiman cho \\
                 [7] Genshiryoku no chichi Ferumi no sh{\=o}gai /
                 R{\=o}ra Ferumi cho \\
                 [8-12] Gendai butsuri kagaku no sekai (gekan) ; Genshi
                 no kuni no Tomukinsu ; Genshiryoku no hanashi ; Ichi,
                 ni, san, \ldots{} mugendai (Hakuy{\=o}sha: Gamofu
                 zensh{\=u} 6) ; Ichi, ni, san, \ldots{} mugendai
                 (Hakuy{\=o}sha: 1951) / G. Gamofu cho \\
                 [12a] Genshi bakudan no k{\=o}ka \\
                 [13] Genshikaku butsurigaku kaisetsu \\
                 [14] Watakushitachi no genshiryoku / M{\=a}garetto O.
                 Haido \\
                 [15] Genshiryoku to sangy{\=o} / A. Kuramisshu, E. M.
                 Zakk{\=a}to \\
                 [16] Genshiro no butsurigaku / Reimondo Mar{\=e} \\
                 [17] {\=O}y{\=o} genshikaku butsurigaku / E. C.
                 P{\=o}rando, W. Daviddoson \\
                 [18] Ry{\=o}shi rikigaku joron / P{\=o}ringu, Wiruson
                 ky{\=o}cho \\
                 [19] Zoku butsuri no sanpomichi / Rogerugisuto cho \\
                 [20] Konnichi no genshiryoku / Furanku Rosu \\
                 [21] Kaku bakuhatsu no heiwa riy{\=o} / Rarufu
                 Sand{\=a}zu \\
                 [22] Soveto no genshiryoku \\
                 [23] Suw{\=e}den no kakuheiki mondai \\
                 [24] Minna no genshiryoku / G. Wento cho",
}

@Book{Gamow:1949:TAN,
  author =       "G. Gamow and C. L. Critchfield",
  title =        "Theory of Atomic Nucleus and Nuclear Energy-sources",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  year =         "1949",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:44:57 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0034.13303",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  keywords =     "quantum theory",
}

@Article{Gamow:194x:NE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Near the End?",
  journal =      j-TIME,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "194x",
  CODEN =        "TYMEA9",
  ISSN =         "0040-781x (print), 2169-1665 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:25:43 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Time",
}

@Article{Gamow:194x:SAF,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Sun}'s Atomic fuel",
  journal =      "Science Illustrated",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "194x",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:24:21 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:194x:US,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Universal Spin",
  journal =      j-NEWSWEEK,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "194x",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0028-9604",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:23:47 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Newsweek",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:1950:VMG,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Visual materials from the {George Gamow} and {Barbara
                 Gamow} papers",
  pages =        "various",
  year =         "1950",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@InProceedings{Belzer:1950:DEG,
  author =       "Jack Belzer and George Gamow and Geoffrey Keller",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings, Scientific Computation Forum",
  title =        "Dynamics of elliptical galaxies",
  publisher =    "International Business Machines Corporation",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "67--69",
  year =         "1950",
  MRclass =      "85.0X",
  MRnumber =     "0046783 (13,785g)",
  MRreviewer =   "Z. Kopal",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 08:58:51 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1950:HHC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Half an hour of creation\ldots{}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "16--21",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1950",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3066969",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aip.org/link/?PTO/3/16/1",
  abstract =     "What happened to ylem [the primordial substance] in
                 the first one thousand seconds.",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
  keywords =     "cosmological constant; distance scale; early Universe;
                 Hubble constant; Observational cosmology",
}

@Article{Gamow:1950:PRG,
  author =       "George Gamow and C. Longmire",
  title =        "The Problem of {Red Giants} and {Cepheid} Variables",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "743--744",
  day =          "15",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1950",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.79.743",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v79/i4/p743_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Gamow:1950:RBN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{The Nature of Physical Reality: A
                 Philosophy of Modern Physics}} by Henry Margenau}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "112",
  number =       "2901",
  pages =        "155--??",
  day =          "4",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1950",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1679660.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1950:RTO,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: Thoughts, Observations, and Conclusions:
                 {{\booktitle{Phenomena, Atoms and Molecules}} by Irving
                 Langmuir}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "340--341",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1950",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/19953.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Belzer:1951:SDS,
  author =       "J. Belzer and G. Gamow and G. Keller",
  title =        "On the Stellar Dynamics of Spherical Galaxies",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "113",
  pages =        "166--180",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/145386",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1951ApJ...113..166B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1951:BRK,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Book Review: {Karl Jellinek, \booktitle{Verstandliche
                 Elemente der Wellenmechanik: Photonen, Freie
                 Elektronen, Einelektronige Atome, Teil I}}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "113",
  number =       "2930",
  pages =        "218--218",
  day =          "23",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.113.2930.218",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:48:44 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1951:BRW,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Book Review: {Walter Weizel, \booktitle{Lehrbuch der
                 Theoretischen Physik: Struktur der Materie, Vol. II},
                 West Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1950. Pp.
                 772--1,540. DM 69.90 bound, DM 66 paper}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "114",
  number =       "2953",
  pages =        "137--137",
  day =          "3",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.114.2953.137",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:46:56 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1951:HEE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Hydrogen Exhaustion and Explosions of Stars",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "168",
  number =       "4263",
  pages =        "72--73",
  day =          "14",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/168072a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1951Natur.168...72G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Book{Gamow:1951:M,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The {Moon}",
  publisher =    "Abelard-Schuman",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "127",
  year =         "1951",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:19:07 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Illustrations by Bunji Tagawa.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1951:OEU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Origin and Evolution of the {Universe}",
  journal =      j-AM-SCI,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "392--406",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "AMSCAC",
  ISSN =         "0003-0996 (print), 1545-2786 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-0996",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27826381",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "American Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/past.aspx",
}

@Article{Gamow:1951:RBE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Verstandliche Elemente der
                 Wellenmechanik: Photonen, Freie Elektronen,
                 Einelektronige Atome}} by Teil I. Karl Jellinek}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "113",
  number =       "2930",
  pages =        "218--??",
  day =          "23",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1679431.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1951:RBT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Lehrbuch der Theoretischen
                 Physik: Struktur der Materie}} by Walter Weizel}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "114",
  number =       "2953",
  pages =        "137--??",
  day =          "3",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1678852.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1951:WOS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Will Our {Sun} Ever Explode?",
  journal =      j-PROC-AM-ACAD-ARTS-SCI,
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "291--294",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1951",
  CODEN =        "PAAAAV",
  ISSN =         "0065-6836",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/20023615.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and
                 Sciences",
}

@Book{Gamow:1952:BDS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Birth and Death of the Sun: Stellar Evolution and
                 Sub-atomic Energy",
  volume =       "M77",
  publisher =    pub-NAL,
  address =      pub-NAL:adr,
  pages =        "219",
  year =         "1952",
  LCCN =         "QB44 .G26 1952",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "A Mentor book",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952QB44.G26.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Illustrated and with a new preface to 1952 edition by
                 the author.",
  subject =      "Sun; Stars; Atoms",
}

@Book{Gamow:1952:CU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Creation of the Universe",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 147",
  year =         "1952",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .G3",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952QB981.G3.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "The third of \ldots{} [the author's] cosmological
                 trilogy, being a sequel to \booktitle{The birth and
                 death of the sun}, and \booktitle{Biography of the
                 earth}.",
  subject =      "Cosmogony",
}

@Article{Gamow:1952:HCT,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "History of Cosmological Theories. (Book Reviews:
                 Cosmology)",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "75",
  pages =        "65--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952SciMo..75...65G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1952:RHC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: History of Cosmological Theories:
                 {{\booktitle{Cosmology}} by H. Bondi}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/20618.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1952:RTE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Role of Turbulence in the Evolution of the
                 Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "251--251",
  day =          "15",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.86.251",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952PhRv...86..251G;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v86/i2/p251_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  remark =       "In this paper, Gamow addresses the question of why
                 galaxies rotate, and postulates that the rotation
                 arises from a turbulent vortex in the early stages of
                 their evolution.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1952:TS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Turbulence in Space",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "186",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Article{Gamow:1953:A,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Alphabet",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20--20",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3061140",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v6/i2/p20_s1",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
  remark =       "In this letter, Gamow argues for strict alphabetical
                 order of names on scientific papers.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1953:EUO,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Expanding Universe and the Origin of Galaxies",
  journal =      "Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab,
                 Matematisk-Fysiske Meddelelser",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1--15 (??)",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 08:44:26 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Mat.-Fys. Medd.",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "In this paper, Gamow uses the ages of stars to obtain
                 a new estimate of the Hubble constant, $H$, that was
                 later found to be closer to reality than previous
                 estimates by other methods in the hands of other
                 scientists. Chernin \cite[page 814]{Chernin:1994:HGC}
                 says ``Very briefly, in his paper Gamow took two
                 numbers --- the age of the Universe and the average
                 density of matter in the Universe --- and found a third
                 number, the background radiation temperature [7 K].''.
                 See \cite{Bernstein:1986:CCP} for a collection of
                 papers on cosmological constants.",
  remark-2 =     "Some citations have Meddelelser replaced by Skrifter,
                 another journal. Which is it? The journal archives do
                 not appear to be online.",
}

@Book{Gamow:1953:M,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "The {Moon}",
  publisher =    "H. Schuman",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  year =         "1953",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953QB581.G3.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  keywords =     "MOON",
}

@Book{Gamow:1953:MTL,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins} Learns the Facts of Life",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "87",
  year =         "1953",
  LCCN =         "QH309 .G3",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:27:33 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Biology",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1953:OEU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The origin and evolution of the universe",
  crossref =     "Baitsell:1953:SP",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1953",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 08:55:03 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1953:OP,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Origin of protogalaxies",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-J,
  volume =       "58",
  pages =        "39--39",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "ANJOAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/106886",
  ISSN =         "0004-6256 (print), 1538-3881 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-6256",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953AJ.....58Q..39G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astronomical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881",
}

@Article{Gamow:1953:RBE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{The End of the World: A
                 Scientific Inquiry}} by Kenneth Heuer}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "319--320",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/21026.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Gamow:1954:FPT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "On the Formation of Protogalaxies in the Turbulent
                 Primordial Gas",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "480--484",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.40.6.480",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954PNAS...40..480G;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/88967.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
  xxtitle =      "Turbulent Origin of Galaxies",
}

@Article{Gamow:1954:ITN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "On Information Transfer from Nucleic Acids to
                 Proteins",
  journal =      "Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab,
                 Biologiske Meddelelser",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 14:16:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab Biol. Medd.",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Check: is this the same as \cite{Gamow:1955:ITN}?? The
                 journal archives do not appear to be online, and
                 citations of these papers are usually incomplete, and
                 may not agree on the journal title.",
}

@Book{Gamow:1954:LEG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Die Lebensgeschichte der Erde}. ({German}) [{The}
                 Life History of {Earth}]",
  publisher =    "Bruckmann",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, Germany",
  pages =        "183",
  year =         "1954",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 06:51:28 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
  xxpages =      "154",
}

@Article{Gamow:1954:MC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Modern Cosmology",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "190",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "61--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  xxpages =      "55--63",
}

@Article{Gamow:1954:NPC,
  author =       "George Gamow and N. Metropolis",
  title =        "Numerology of Polypeptide Chains",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE-NEW-SERIES,
  volume =       "120",
  number =       "3124",
  pages =        "779--780",
  day =          "12",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1954",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 21 16:42:27 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1681634",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
  remark =       "Contains only a two-paragraph abstract.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1954:PMR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Possible mathematical relation between
                 deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins",
  journal =      "Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab,
                 Biologiske Meddelelser",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1--13",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 14:29:39 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab Biol. Medd.",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "According to \cite[page 799]{Chernin:1994:GAN}, Gamow
                 was unable to publish this work in a US journal because
                 of the hostility of biologists to his work, so he
                 instead sent it to the Royal Danish Academy of
                 Sciences, of which he was a member. Chernin \cite[page
                 453]{Chernin:1994:GAN} identifies the journal as the
                 prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of
                 Sciences, and says that the paper was co-authored by
                 the fictional G. C. H. Tompkins. The published paper
                 has only one author. According to \cite[page
                 814]{Chernin:1994:HGC} and \cite[page
                 799]{Chernin:1994:GAN}, Gamow said in his last
                 interview \cite{Weiner:1968:IGG} that he regarded this
                 paper on genetics as his most important scientific
                 contribution.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1954:PRB,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Possible Relation between Deoxyribonucleic Acid and
                 Protein",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "173",
  number =       "4398",
  pages =        "318--318",
  day =          "13",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/173318a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1954:RRP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{The Revolution in Physics}} by
                 Louis de Broglie; Ralph W. Niemeyer (translator)}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--48",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-3771",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 18 10:37:19 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/21151",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
  remark =       "It may be that v64n1 was mislabeled: it should be
                 v78n1. The JSTOR metadata may be wrong in assigning it
                 to v64n1.",
  reviewed-author = "Louis de Broglie and Ralph W. Niemeyer",
  subject-dates = "Louis de Broglie (1892--1987)",
  xxvolume =     "64",
}

@Article{Gamow:1954:SST,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "On the steady-state theory of the {Universe}",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-J,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "1217",
  pages =        "200--200",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "ANJOAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/106997",
  ISSN =         "0004-6256 (print), 1538-3881 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-6256",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954AJ.....59..200G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Astronomical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881",
}

@Article{Gamow:1955:ITL,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Information Transfer in the Living Cell",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "193",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "70--78",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Article{Gamow:1955:ITN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "On Information Transfer from Nucleic Acids to
                 Proteins",
  journal =      "Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab,
                 Biologiske Meddelelser",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1--7",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 18:53:19 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  xxpages =      "3--7",
}

@Book{Gamow:1955:LEV,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Lune, escale vers l'infini. ({French}) [{The Moon}:
                 Stairway to Infinity]",
  publisher =    "Plon",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "viii + 103",
  year =         "1955",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:20:34 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Translated to French by Denise Meunier.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Gamow:1955:SCP,
  author =       "George Gamow and Martynas Y{\v{c}}as",
  title =        "Statistical Correlation of Protein and Ribonucleic
                 Acid Composition",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1011--1019",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.41.12.1011",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  note =         "See errata \cite{Gamow:1956:ESC}.",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/89096.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
}

@Article{Gamow:1955:TPC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Topological Properties of Coiled Helical Systems",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--9",
  day =          "15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.41.1.7",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/88999.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
}

@Book{Gamow:1956:EZD,
  author =       "George Gamow and Walter Theimer",
  title =        "{Eins, zwei, drei \ldots{} Unendlichkeit: Grenzfragen
                 d. modernen Wissenschaft verst{\"a}ndlich gemacht}.
                 ({German}) [{One}, Two, Three, \ldots{}, Infinity:
                 Facts and Speculations of Science]",
  publisher =    "Fackeltr{\"a}ger-Verlag Schmidt-K{\"u}ster",
  address =      "Hannover, West Germany",
  pages =        "286",
  year =         "1956",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 07:19:18 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Dounce:1956:NRT,
  author =       "A. L. Dounce and G. Gamow and S. Spiegelman and P.
                 Newmark and D. Harker and M. Soodak",
  title =        "Nucleoproteins round-table discussion",
  journal =      j-J-CELL-COMP-PHYSIOL,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "S1",
  pages =        "103--112",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "JCLLAX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030470409",
  ISSN =         "0021-9541 (print), 1097-4652 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-9541",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 10:16:06 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4652",
  onlinedate =   "4 Feb 2005",
}

@Article{Gamow:1956:ESC,
  author =       "George Gamow and Martynas Y{\v{c}}as",
  title =        "Errata: Statistical Correlation of Protein and
                 Ribonucleic Acid Composition",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "172--172",
  day =          "15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  note =         "See \cite{Gamow:1955:SCP}.",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/88924.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
}

@Article{Gamow:1956:EU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Evolutionary Universe",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "195",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "136--154",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Book{Gamow:1956:GCM,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Gravity: Classic and Modern Views",
  publisher =    "University of Colorado",
  address =      "Boulder, CO, USA",
  pages =        "157",
  year =         "1956",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:42:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1956:PEU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  editor =       "Arthur Beer",
  booktitle =    "Vistas in Astronomy",
  title =        "The physics of the expanding universe",
  volume =       "2 (of 41)",
  publisher =    pub-PERGAMON,
  address =      pub-PERGAMON:adr,
  pages =        "1726--1732",
  year =         "1956",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(56)90099-X",
  ISSN =         "0083-6656 (print), 1872-9207 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0083-6656",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956VA......2.1726G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "One reference lists these pages as title ``Dynamics of
                 elliptical galaxies'', in Journal of Atmospheric and
                 Terrestrial Physics, Supplement 4, 1956, but the
                 Springer archive for that journal has no record of an
                 article by Gamow.",
  remark-2 =     "One reference has this title in ``Symposium on
                 information theory in biology, Gatlinburg, Tennessee,
                 October 29--31, 1956'', pages 59--63 (1958), edited by
                 Hubert P. Yockey (pages xi + 418), Pergamon Press,
                 London",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1956:PITa,
  author =       "George Gamow and Alexander Rich and Martynas
                 Y{\v{c}}as",
  title =        "The problem of information transfer from nucleic acids
                 to proteins",
  crossref =     "Lawrence:1956:ABM",
  pages =        "23--68",
  year =         "1956",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 14:10:27 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "According to \cite[page 800]{Chernin:1994:GAN}, when
                 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (lead developer of the
                 Soviet hydrogen bomb) read this paper, it stimulated
                 his thinking on the genetics effects of nuclear tests,
                 and led to his speaking out against them in public.
                 Sakharov won the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize for that
                 opposition.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1956:PITb,
  author =       "G. Gamow and A. Rich and M. Ycas",
  title =        "The problem of information transfer from the nucleic
                 acids to proteins",
  journal =      "Advances in biological and medical physics",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "23--68",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1956",
  ISSN =         "0065-2245",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 4 10:17:23 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Ehricke:1957:RAM,
  author =       "Krafft Ehricke and George Gamow",
  title =        "A Rocket around the {Moon}",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "196",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "47--53",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://chelsea-sulis.blogspot.com/2011/08/cow-jumped-over-moon-1957.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Article{Ehricke:1957:RMR,
  author =       "Krafft Ehricke and George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mit einer Rakete um den Mond}. [{A} Rocket around the
                 {Moon}]",
  journal =      "Vasiona",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "68--71",
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0506-4295",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 09:23:02 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1957:PIT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  editor =       "D. M. Frank",
  booktitle =    "Voprosi Biofiziki [Problems of Biophysics]",
  title =        "The problem of information transfer from nucleic acids
                 to proteins. ({Russian})",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "205--263",
  year =         "1957",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 09:09:09 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1957:X,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  booktitle =    "Voprosy Biofiziki. ({Russian}) [{Problems} in
                 Biophysics]",
  title =        "xxx",
  publisher =    "Inostrannaya Literatura",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  bookpages =    "????",
  pages =        "203--??",
  year =         "1957",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 08:35:52 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite[page 802]{Chernin:1994:GAN}.
                 Inostrannaya literatura == Foreign literature.
                 According to \cite[page 799]{Chernin:1994:GAN}, this is
                 the first publication by Gamow in the USSR since a
                 paper submitted in 1933, and published just after his
                 escape.",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1958:CAP,
  author =       "George Gamow and Martynas Y{\c{c}}as",
  booktitle =    "{Das Universum. Unser Bild vom Weltall}. ({German})
                 [{The Universe}. {Our} picture of the {Universe}]",
  title =        "The cryptographic approach to the problem of protein
                 synthesis",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "Wiesbaden, Germany",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1958",
  LCCN =         "",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 09:24:50 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1958:CUI,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Creation of the Universe",
  journal =      "The {Sewanee} Review",
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "413--422",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0037-3052 (print), 1934-421X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/27538746.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1958:EZD,
  author =       "George Gamow and Walter Theimer",
  title =        "{Eins, zwei, drei \ldots{} Unendlichkeit: Grenzfragen
                 d. modernen Wissenschaft verst{\"a}ndlich dargest}.
                 ({German}) [{One}, Two, Three, \ldots{}, Infinity:
                 Facts and Speculations of Science]",
  volume =       "493/494",
  publisher =    "Wilhelm Goldmann",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, West Germany",
  pages =        "318 + 16",
  year =         "1958",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 07:19:18 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Goldmanns gelbe Taschenb{\"u}cher",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Gamow:1958:MES,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Matter, {Earth}, and Sky",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "593",
  year =         "1958",
  LCCN =         "QC171 .G3",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:30:50 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Matter; Properties; Physics; Cosmogony",
}

@Book{Gamow:1958:PMa,
  author =       "George Gamow and Marvin Stern",
  title =        "Puzzle-math",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "119",
  year =         "1958",
  LCCN =         "GV1493 .G3",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Mathematical recreations",
}

@Book{Gamow:1958:PMb,
  author =       "George Gamow and Marvin Stern",
  title =        "Puzzle-math",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "119",
  year =         "1958",
  LCCN =         "GV1493 .G3",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0083.24102",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Mathematical recreations",
}

@Article{Gamow:1958:PU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The {Principle of Uncertainty}",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "198",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--57",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Book{Gamow:1959:BEP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biography of the {Earth}: Its Past, Present, and
                 Future",
  volume =       "C53",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "xiii + 242",
  year =         "1959",
  LCCN =         "QE501 .G35 1959a",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Compass books",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Earth; Cosmogony",
}

@Article{Gamow:1959:EP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The {Exclusion Principle}",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "201",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "74--86",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Book{Gamow:1959:M,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "The {Moon}",
  publisher =    "Abelard-Schuman",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Revised",
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959QB581.G3.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  keywords =     "MOON",
}

@Book{Gamow:1959:MES,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Matter, {Earth}, and sky",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:46:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0083.39301",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  keywords =     "theoretical physics",
}

@Article{Gamow:195x:ST,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Start of Things",
  journal =      j-NEWSWEEK,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "195x",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0028-9604",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:27:27 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Newsweek",
}

@Article{Gamow:1960:JNB,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Der junge Niels Bohr Zum 75. Geburtstag, nach
                 Erinnerungen}. ({German}) [{The} young {Niels Bohr}:
                 75th Birthday Memoirs]",
  journal =      j-PHYS-BL,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "525--527",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "PHBLAG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19600161008",
  ISSN =         "0031-9279 (print), 1521-3722 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9279",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 09:29:53 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/phbl.19600161008/abstract",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "{Physikalische Bl{\"a}tter}",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3722",
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Gamow:1960:PFF,
  author =       "George Gamow and John M. Cleveland",
  title =        "Physics: Foundations and Frontiers",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "551",
  year =         "1960",
  LCCN =         "QC23 .G195",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Physics",
}

@Article{Brittin:1961:NEP,
  author =       "Wesley Brittin and George Gamow",
  title =        "Negative Entropy and Photosynthesis",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "724--727",
  day =          "15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.47.5.724",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/70982.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
}

@Book{Gamow:1961:AN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Atom and its Nucleus",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "153",
  year =         "1961",
  LCCN =         "QC171 .G29",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "A Spectrum book, S-St-1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Matter; Atoms; Nuclear physics",
}

@Book{Gamow:1961:BPa,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biography of Physics",
  volume =       "TB567",
  publisher =    "Harper",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "338",
  year =         "1961",
  LCCN =         "QC7 .G263 1964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 30 17:46:49 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "Harper torchbooks. The Cloister library",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprinted in \cite{Gamow:1988:GPG}.",
  subject =      "Physics; History",
  tableofcontents = "The Dawn of physics \\
                 The dark ages and the renaissance \\
                 God said, let Newton be \\
                 Heat as energy \\
                 The age of electricity \\
                 Relativistic revolution \\
                 The law of quantum \\
                 The atomic nucleus and elementary particles",
}

@Book{Gamow:1961:CU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Creation of the Universe",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "147",
  year =         "1961",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .G3 1961",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961QB981.G3.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Cosmogony",
}

@Article{Gamow:1961:G,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Gravity",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "204",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "94--106",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:13:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=gamow-gravity;
                 http://www.scientificamerican.com/mar2011/gamow",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
}

@Article{Gamow:1961:HOS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Heart on the Other Side",
  journal =      "{University of Colorado} Literary Magazine",
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:29:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1961:RLC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Remarks on {Lorentz} Contraction",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "728--729",
  day =          "15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.47.5.728",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/70983.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
}

@Book{Gamow:1962:BPb,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biography of Physics",
  publisher =    "Hutchinson Science Library",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "x + 338",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 30 17:45:36 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  series =       "Harper torchbooks. Science library",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0114.40201",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprinted in \cite{Gamow:1988:GPG}.",
}

@Book{Gamow:1962:Ga,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Gravity",
  publisher =    pub-DOUBLEDAY,
  address =      pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr,
  pages =        "157",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:36:37 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1962:Gb,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Gravity",
  publisher =    "Heinemann",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "157",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:36:37 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1962:GPN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "La Gravitation: de la pomme de {Newton} aux fus{\`e}es
                 interplan{\`e}taires. ({French}) [{Gravitation}: from
                 {Newton}'s apple to interplanetary rockets]",
  publisher =    "Payot",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "152",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:47:13 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "carmin.sudoc.abes.fr:210/ABES-Z39-PUBLIC;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Translated to French by Dr J. M{\`e}tadier.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1962:HOS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Heart on the Other Side",
  crossref =     "Pohl:1962:ED",
  pages =        "51--61",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 04 14:27:13 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1962:PST,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  booktitle =    "The Great Ideas Today",
  title =        "The Physical Sciences and Technology",
  publisher =    "Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:31:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1963:ELT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  editor =       "R. C. Sheriff",
  booktitle =    "The Hopkins Manuscript",
  title =        "Epilogue. On Lunar Theory",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:34:14 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1963:IDA,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "La investigaci{\'o}n del atomo. ({Spanish}) [{The}
                 study of the atom]",
  publisher =    "Fondo de Cultura Economica",
  address =      "M{\'e}xico, M{\'e}xico",
  edition =      "Second",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963lida.book.....G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Spanish",
}

@Book{Gamow:1963:MPA,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "{Nicht mehr per Sie mit dem Atom}. ({German}) [{No}
                 more by using the atom]",
  publisher =    "Physik-Verlag",
  address =      "Mosbach, West Germany",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963nmps.book.....G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1963:NBM,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Niels Bohr}, The Man Who Explained the Atom",
  journal =      "Science Digest",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:32:21 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1963:OL,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Origin of Life",
  journal =      j-TRANS-BOSE-RES-INST-CALCUTTA,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "TBICAQ",
  ISSN =         "0006-7903",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:35:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the {Bose Research Institute
                 (Calcutta)}",
}

@Book{Gamow:1963:PCE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "A Planet Called {Earth}",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "257",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "QE501 .G36",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 2 09:36:51 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Earth",
}

@Article{Gamow:1963:WL,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "What is Life?",
  journal =      j-TRANS-BOSE-RES-INST-CALCUTTA,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "TBICAQ",
  ISSN =         "0006-7903",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:33:12 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Transactions of the {Bose Research Institute
                 (Calcutta)}",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1964:CPG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Combinatorial Principles in Genetics",
  crossref =     "Beckenbach:1964:ACM",
  chapter =      "17",
  pages =        "515--??",
  year =         "1964",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 04 15:23:24 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
}

@Book{Gamow:1964:GFG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Gravitaatio. ({Finnish}) [{Gravity}]",
  publisher =    "WSOY",
  address =      "Porvoo, Finland",
  pages =        "129",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:40:19 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Finnish",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1964:HE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Heat as Energy",
  crossref =     "Rapport:1964:P",
  pages =        "47--66",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 31 18:07:35 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprinted from \cite{Gamow:1961:BPa}.",
}

@Book{Gamow:1964:SCS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "A Star Called the {Sun}",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "208",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:01:55 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964QB521.G26......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1965:BPF,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Der Biographie der Physik : Forscher --- Ideen ---
                 Experimente}. ({German}) [{The} Biography of Physics:
                 Researchers --- Ideas --- Experiments]",
  publisher =    "Econ-Verlag",
  address =      "D{\"u}sseldorf, West Germany",
  pages =        "392",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:50:43 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Gamow:1965:GPG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Grawitacja. ({Polish}) [{Gravity}]",
  publisher =    "Wiedza Powszechna",
  address =      "Warszawa, Poland",
  pages =        "107 + 1",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:38:29 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Translated to Polish by Maria Hurwicowa.",
  series =       "Nowo{\v{s}}ci Nauki i Techniki",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Polish",
}

@Book{Gamow:1965:MES,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Matter, {Earth}, and Sky",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xiv + 624",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "QC171 .G3 1965",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:30:50 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Matter; Properties; Physics; Cosmogony",
}

@Book{Gamow:1965:MTP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins} in Paperback",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 186",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "QC71 G35 1967",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 10:18:40 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprinted in 1971. Revised posthumous edition in
                 \cite{Stannard:1999:NWM}.",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1965:NSU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  booktitle =    "{Encyclopaedia Britannica}",
  title =        "A new survey of universal knowledge",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    "Encyclopaedia Britannica",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA; London, UK; Toronto, ON, Canada",
  pages =        "578--582",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 09:39:43 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  keywords =     "cosmogony",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1966:CTO,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  editor =       "Robert E. Marshak and J. Warren Blaker",
  booktitle =    "Perspectives in modern physics: essays in honor of
                 {Hans A. Bethe} on the occasion of his 60th birthday,
                 {July 1966}",
  title =        "Cosmological theories of the origin of chemical
                 elements",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  bookpages =    "xii + 673",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 09:42:15 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1966:MC,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Modern Cosmology",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1955:NAS",
  pages =        "3--??",
  year =         "1955",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966neas.book....3G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1966:RBB,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review of {{\booktitle{Niels Bohr: The Man. His
                 Science, and the World They Changed}}, by Ruth Moore}",
  journal =      j-NEW-YORK-TIMES-BOOK-REVIEW,
  day =          "23",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0028-7806",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:36:00 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "New York Times Book Review",
}

@Article{Gamow:1966:RBH,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Review of {{\booktitle{Otto Hahn: A Scientific
                 Autobiography}}}",
  journal =      "New York World-Journal-Tribune",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:37:19 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1966:TAS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Trettio {\aa}r som skakade fysiken. ({Swedish})
                 [{Thirty} years that shook physics]",
  publisher =    "Prisma",
  address =      "Stockholm, Sweden",
  pages =        "155",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:56:58 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Swedish",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1966:TS,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Turbulence in Space",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1955:NAS",
  pages =        "66--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966neas.book...66G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1966:TYSa,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Thirty Years That Shook Physics: the Story of Quantum
                 Theory",
  publisher =    pub-DOUBLEDAY,
  address =      pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 224",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QC174.1 .G3 1966b",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 28 09:11:04 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprinted in
                 \cite{Gamow:1966:TYSb,Gamow:1972:TYS,Gamow:1985:TYS}.",
  subject =      "Quantum theory",
}

@Book{Gamow:1966:TYSb,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Thirty Years That Shook Physics: the Story of Quantum
                 Theory",
  volume =       "S45",
  publisher =    pub-ANCHOR-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-ANCHOR-BOOKS:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 224",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QC174.1 .G3",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 28 09:11:04 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Science study series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprinted in
                 \cite{Gamow:1966:TYSa,Gamow:1972:TYS,Gamow:1985:TYS}.",
  subject =      "Quantum theory",
}

@Article{Alpher:1967:TCR,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and George Gamow and Robert Herman",
  title =        "Thermal Cosmic Radiation and the Formation of
                 Protogalaxies",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "2179--2186",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.58.6.2179",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967PNAS...58.2179A;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/58699.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
  remark =       "This paper contains a bibliography of work to 1967 on
                 nucleosynthesis in the `big bang.'",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:CVC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Case of the Vanished Correlation in Statistics of
                 Quasi-stellar",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "216",
  number =       "5114",
  pages =        "461--462",
  day =          "4",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/216461b0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967Natur.216..461G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:DGC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Does Gravity Change with Time?",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "187--193",
  day =          "15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.57.2.187",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967PNAS...57..187G;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/57929.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
  remark =       "From page 193: ``It is the writer's pleasant duty to
                 express thanks to his old friend Stanis{\l}aw Ulam from
                 Los Alamos for discussing the various points of this
                 paper and making sure that it does not contain any
                 arithmetical and algebraic mistakes from which the
                 writer's papers often suffer.''",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:EEG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Erratum: {``Electricity, Gravity, and Cosmology''}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV-LET,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "1000--1000",
  day =          "23",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "PRLTAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.1000.4",
  ISSN =         "0031-9007 (print), 1079-7114 (electronic), 1092-0145",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gamow:1967:EGC}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967PhRvL..19.1000G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://prl.aps.org/browse",
  remark =       "Minor correction: ``The sentence on p. 761, second
                 column, lines 9 and 10 should read, `Thus it will be
                 impossible\ldots{}'.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:EGC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Electricity, Gravity, and Cosmology",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV-LET,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "13",
  pages =        "759--761",
  day =          "25",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "PRLTAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.759",
  ISSN =         "0031-9007 (print), 1079-7114 (electronic), 1092-0145",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Gamow:1967:EEG}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967PhRvL..19..759G;
                 http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v19/i13/p759_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://prl.aps.org/browse",
  remark =       "According to \cite[page 318]{Norman:1986:FCR}, this
                 paper develops a theory in which $e$ varies with time,
                 but $G$ is constant. See also comments in
                 \cite{Bekenstein:1986:FSC}.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:HU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "History of the {Universe} and two letters to {Phil}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "158",
  number =       "3802",
  pages =        "766--769",
  day =          "10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.158.3802.766",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967Sci...158..766G;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1723077.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Book{Gamow:1967:JMQ,
  author =       "G. Gamow and M. Stern",
  title =        "Jeux math{\'e}matiques. Quelques casset{\^e}te.
                 ({French}) [{Puzzle}-math]",
  publisher =    pub-DUNOD,
  address =      pub-DUNOD:adr,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:49:20 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0183.00105",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  keywords =     "general mathematics",
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:LEa,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "158",
  number =       "3802",
  pages =        "767--768",
  day =          "10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.158.3802.767",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:44:56 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:LEb,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "158",
  number =       "3802",
  pages =        "768--768",
  day =          "10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.158.3802.768",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:44:56 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Book{Gamow:1967:MTI,
  author =       "George Gamow and Martynas Y{\v{c}}as",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins} Inside Himself: Adventures in the New
                 Biology",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 274",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "QP38 .G3 1967",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Physiology; Popular works",
}

@Book{Gamow:1967:SSS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Sonne --- Stern unter Sternen}. ({German}) [{A} Star
                 Called the {Sun}]",
  publisher =    "Ehrenwirth",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, Germany",
  pages =        "222",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 06:54:20 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:STC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Surface Tension and the Contraction of Muscles",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "696--697",
  day =          "15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.57.3.696",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/57576.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
}

@Article{Gamow:1967:VEC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Variability of Elementary Charge and Quasistellar
                 Objects",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV-LET,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "913--914",
  day =          "16",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "PRLTAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.913",
  ISSN =         "0031-9007 (print), 1079-7114 (electronic), 1092-0145",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:27:28 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v19/i16/p913_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://prl.aps.org/browse",
}

@Article{Alpher:1968:PRB,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and George Gamow",
  title =        "A Possible Relation between Cosmological Quantities
                 and the Characteristics of Elementary Particles",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "363--366",
  day =          "15",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.61.2.363",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968PNAS...61..363A;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/59081.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
}

@Unpublished{Gamow:1968:BTM,
  author =       "George Gamow and Richard Blade",
  title =        "Basic Theories in Modern Physics",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 11:21:09 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Listed in \cite{Harper:1997:EAG}. The book was still
                 unfinished when Gamow died.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1968:CPG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  editor =       "M. E. Deza",
  booktitle =    "Applied Combinatorial Mathematics. ({Russian})",
  title =        "Combinatorial principles in genetics",
  publisher =    "Mir",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  bookpages =    "????",
  pages =        "289--308",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 02 09:51:25 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Gamow:1968:NCN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Numerology of the Constants of Nature",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "313--318",
  day =          "15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.59.2.313",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/58638.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
}

@Article{Gamow:1968:NU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Naming the Units",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "219",
  number =       "5115",
  pages =        "765--765",
  day =          "17",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/219765a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 17:58:11 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968Natur.219..765G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
  remark =       "Gamow decries the national/regional differences in the
                 meaning of billion, trillion, and so on. He proposes
                 new units of {\em hubble\/} ($ 10^9 $ light year), {\em
                 inferno\/} ($ 10^9 $ Kelvin), and {\em rutherford\/} ($
                 10^9 $ electron volts). None has caught on since this
                 paper.",
}

@Article{Gamow:1968:OPH,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Observational Properties of the Homogeneous and
                 Isotropic Expanding Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV-LET,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "23",
  pages =        "1310--1312",
  day =          "3",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "PRLTAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.1310",
  ISSN =         "0031-9007 (print), 1079-7114 (electronic), 1092-0145",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 16:24:41 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968PhRvL..20.1310G;
                 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.1310",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://prl.aps.org/browse",
  remark =       "This is Gamow's last submitted paper; it ends with the
                 sentence ``More details will be given in a forthcoming
                 paper.'' Gamow died before he could fulfill that
                 promise.",
}

@Book{Gamow:1968:TAQ,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Trente ann{\'e}es qui {\'e}branl{\`e}rent la physique:
                 histoire de la physique quantique. ({French}) [{Thirty}
                 years that shook physics; the story of quantum
                 theory]",
  publisher =    pub-DUNOD,
  address =      pub-DUNOD:adr,
  pages =        "x + 194",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:58:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Translated to French by Genevi{\`e}ve Gu{\'e}ron.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{Gamow:1968:TAR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Tredive {\aa}r der rystede fysikken, Kvanteteoriens
                 historie. ({Danish}) [{Thirty} years that shook
                 physics; the story of quantum theory]",
  volume =       "204",
  publisher =    pub-GYLDENDAL,
  address =      pub-GYLDENDAL:adr,
  pages =        "199",
  year =         "1968",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 10:05:31 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Gyldendals ugleb{\o}ger",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Danish",
}

@Book{Gamow:1969:EUP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Erde, unser Planet} ({German}) [{Earth}, our
                 planet]",
  publisher =    "Franz Ehrenwirth Verlag",
  address =      "M{\"u}nchen, West Germany",
  pages =        "264 (est.)",
  year =         "1969",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 19:00:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969eup..book.....G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1969:OG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "On the origin of galaxies",
  crossref =     "Mark:1969:PMU",
  pages =        "11--22",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 18:59:00 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969pmuc.book...11G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1969:ORM,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Obituary: The {Rev. Martin Davidson}",
  journal =      j-IRISH-ASTRON-J,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "170",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "IRAJAW",
  ISSN =         "0021-1052",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969IrAJ....9..170.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Irish Astronomical Journal",
}

@Book{Gamow:1969:PFF,
  author =       "George Gamow and John M. Cleveland",
  title =        "Physics: Foundations and Frontiers",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xvi + 591",
  year =         "1969",
  ISBN =         "0-13-672451-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-672451-3",
  LCCN =         "QC23 .G195 1969",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Physics",
}

@Article{Gamow:196x:ACE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Astronomy on {Christmas Eve}",
  journal =      "Boy's Life",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "196x",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 12:33:38 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1970:MWL,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "My World Line: An Informal Autobiography",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "178",
  year =         "1970",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 31 14:38:32 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/u/ulam-stanislaw-m.bib",
  note =         "Foreword by Stanis{\l}aw M. Ulam.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970mwla.book.....G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "First published posthumously. It mainly covers the
                 Russian period 1904--1933, with brief treatment of
                 Gamow's later years. Did Gamow plan a second volume for
                 that period?",
}

@Misc{Lukas:1970:SPE,
  author =       "Jerome S. Lukas",
  title =        "Solarized de-polariz-ed [sound recording]",
  year =         "1970",
  LCCN =         "NCPB 02364",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "1 sound disc.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Music spontaneously created and performed by Jerry
                 Lukas. Recorded on June 4, 1970.",
  subject =      "Piano music",
  tableofcontents = "From within/Plato's caves (from The Republic, books
                 VI-VII) (15:00) \\
                 Chasing the Jabberwock thru Tulgey Wood (see Annotated
                 Alice, Martin Gardner) (4:37) \\
                 Ylem/Ode to George Gamow (see Matter, Earth, and sky,
                 George Gamow) (7:40) \\
                 Woody Allen: how now, wit, whither wander you? (3:42)
                 \\
                 Cossack chief \\
                 Butterball rhapsody (8:15)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1971:M,
  author =       "George Gamow and Hal Clement",
  title =        "The {Moon}",
  publisher =    "Abelard-Schuman",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Revised",
  pages =        "125",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-200-71761-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-200-71761-8",
  LCCN =         "QB581 .G3 1971",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971QB581.G3.......",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "By George Gamow and revised by Harry C. Stubbs [i.e.
                 Hal Clement, pseudonym]. Introduction by Isaac Asimov.
                 Illustrations by Bunji Tagawa.",
  subject =      "Moon",
}

@Book{Gamow:1972:TYS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Thirty Years That Shook Physics: the Story of Quantum
                 Theory",
  volume =       "38",
  publisher =    "Heinemann Educational",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "viii + 224 + 12",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-435-55071-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-435-55071-4",
  LCCN =         "QC173.98 .G35 1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 28 09:11:04 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Science study series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Also available as
                 \cite{Gamow:1966:TYSa,Gamow:1966:TYSb,Gamow:1985:TYS}.",
  subject =      "Quantum theory",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1975:ORN,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "6. The Origin of $ \gamma $-Rays and the Nuclear
                 Energy Levels",
  crossref =     "Mehra:1975:SCP",
  chapter =      "8",
  pages =        "220--222",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 23 14:12:02 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1975:TYS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Thirty Years That Shook Physics",
  publisher =    "Chonpa Kwahaksa",
  address =      "Seoul, Korea",
  pages =        "271",
  year =         "1975",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 10:09:12 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Translation to Korean by Chong-hum Kim.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Korean",
}

@Misc{Gamow:1976:GGB,
  author =       "George Gamow and Barbara Gamow",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and {Barbara Gamow} papers,
                 1915--1975",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 06:57:45 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms010191;
                 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms010191.3",
  abstract =     "Correspondence, drafts of speeches, articles, and
                 books, and other papers relating principally to Gamow's
                 career as an astronomer and physicist and to his role
                 as a popularizer of science. Subjects include
                 astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, genetic coding,
                 nuclear energy, nuclei, number theory, quasars, RNA
                 coding, and theoretical physics. Correspondents include
                 Ralph Alpher, Sir John Cockcroft, Pascal Covici,
                 Charles Louis Critchfield, P. A. M. Dirac, William F.
                 and Elizebeth Friedman, Robert Herman, J. Allen Hynek,
                 Ronald Mansbridge, Sir N. F. Mott, Ronald Searle,
                 Albert Szent-Gy{\"o}rgyi, Edward Teller, and Martynas
                 Y{\v{c}}as. Papers of Barbara Gamow consist chiefly of
                 personal correspondence and relate in part to her
                 literary interests and work in publishing. Her
                 correspondents include Sybille Bedford, Stan Brakhage,
                 James Richard Broughton, E. E. Cummings, Bernard Z.
                 Friedlander, Albert L{\'e}on Gu{\'e}rard, Raymond P.
                 Holden, Edward Niles and Evelyn Caldwell Hooker, Garner
                 and Frances Theiss James, Eda Lord, Marion Morehouse,
                 Charles Norman, and Morgan Shepard (pseud. John
                 Martin).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968); Barbara Gamow
                 (1905--1976)",
  subject =      "Alpher, Ralph; Correspondence; Bedford, Sybille;
                 Brakhage, Stan; Broughton, James; Cockcroft, John; Sir;
                 Covici, Pascal; Critchfield, Charles Louis; Cummings,
                 E. E; (Edward Estlin); Dirac, P. A. M; (Paul Adrien
                 Maurice); Friedlander, Bernard Z; Friedman, Elizebeth;
                 Friedman, William F; (William Frederick); Gu{\'e}rard,
                 Albert L{\'e}on; Herman, Robert; Holden, Raymond P;
                 (Raymond Peckham); Hooker, Edward Niles; Hooker, Evelyn
                 Caldwell; Hynek, J. Allen; (Joseph Allen); James,
                 Frances Theiss; James, Garner; Lord, Eda; Mansbridge,
                 Ronald; Martin, John; Morehouse, Marion; Mott, N. F;
                 (Nevill Francis); Norman, Charles; Searle, Ronald;
                 Szent-Gy{\"o}rgyi, Albert; Teller, Edward; Y{\v{c}}as,
                 Martynas; Astronomy; Astrophysics; Cell nuclei;
                 Cosmology; Genetics; Literature; Nuclear energy; Number
                 theory; Physics; Publishers and publishing; Quasars;
                 RNA; Science; History; 20th century",
  subject-dates = "1911--2006; 1913--1999; 1897--1967; 1885--1964;
                 1910--; 1894--1962; 1902--1984; 1892--1980; 1891--1969;
                 1880--1959; 1914--; 1894--1972; 1910--; 1865--1947;
                 1906--1969; 1905--; 1904--; 1920--2011; 1893--1986;
                 1908--2003; 1917--",
}

@Book{Gamow:1976:PFF,
  author =       "George Gamow and John M. Cleveland",
  title =        "Physics: Foundations and Frontiers",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "xvi + 605",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "0-13-672535-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-672535-0",
  LCCN =         "QC23 .G195 1976",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$12.95",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  subject =      "Physics",
}

@Book{Gamow:1977:OTT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "One, Two, Three, \ldots{}, Infinity: Facts and
                 Speculations of Science",
  publisher =    pub-PENGUIN-PRESS,
  address =      pub-PENGUIN-PRESS:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-14-004666-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-14-004666-3",
  LCCN =         "Q162 .G23 1977",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprint of the 1961 edition published by Viking Press,
                 New York, in series: Viking explorer books. I cannot
                 find a page count in any of dozens of major library
                 catalogs, and my own copy disappeared long ago.",
  subject =      "Science",
}

@Book{Gamow:1980:MIR,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{M(iste)r Tompkins seltsame Reisen durch Kosmos und
                 Mikrokosmos}. ({German}) [{Mr. Tompkins}' strange
                 journey through the cosmos and microcosmos]",
  publisher =    pub-VIEWEG,
  address =      pub-VIEWEG:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 182",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "3-528-08419-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-528-08419-6",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 06:57:44 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "German",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1981:CPG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Combinatorial Principles in Genetics",
  crossref =     "Beckenbach:1981:ACM",
  chapter =      "17",
  pages =        "515--??",
  year =         "1981",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 04 15:23:24 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1986:OES,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Origin of Elements and the Separation of
                 Galaxies",
  crossref =     "Bernstein:1986:CCP",
  pages =        "114--116",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 04 07:09:39 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986coco.conf..114G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:1988:GPG,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Great Physicists from {Galileo} to {Einstein}",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 338",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-486-25767-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-25767-9",
  LCCN =         "QC7 .G27 1988; QC7 .G14b 1988",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover032/88017677.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprint of \cite{Gamow:1961:BPa}.",
  subject =      "Physics; History",
  tableofcontents = "The Dawn of physics \\
                 The dark ages and the renaissance \\
                 God said, let Newton be \\
                 Heat as energy \\
                 The age of electricity \\
                 Relativistic revolution \\
                 The law of quantum \\
                 The atomic nucleus and elementary particles",
}

@Book{Gamow:1988:OTT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "One, Two, Three, \ldots{}, Infinity: Facts and
                 Speculations of Science",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 340",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-486-25664-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-25664-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "Q162 .G23 1988",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$6.95",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover032/88018955.html",
  abstract =     "Nuclear physicist George Gamow takes the reader on an
                 expedition through the problems, pleasures and puzzles
                 of modern science. Among the topics scrutinized are the
                 macrocosm and the microcosm, theory of numbers,
                 relativity of space and time, entropy, genes, atomic
                 structure, nuclear fission, and the origin of the solar
                 system. In the pages of this book readers grapple with
                 such crucial matters as whether it is possible to bend
                 space, why a rocket shrinks, the ``end of the world
                 problem,'' excursions in the fourth dimension and a
                 host of other topics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprint. Originally published: New York: Viking Press,
                 1961.",
  subject =      "Science; Popular works",
  tableofcontents = "Playing with numbers \\
                 Big numbers \\
                 Natural and artificial numbers \\
                 Space, time and Einstein \\
                 Unusual properties of space \\
                 The world of four dimensions \\
                 Relativity of space and time \\
                 Microcosmos \\
                 Descending staircase \\
                 Modern alchemy \\
                 The law of disorder \\
                 The riddle of life \\
                 Macrocosmos \\
                 Expanding horizons \\
                 The days of creation",
  xxURL =        "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover032/88018955.html",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1990:MC,
  author =       "G. Gamow",
  title =        "Modern Cosmology",
  crossref =     "Leslie:1990:PCP",
  pages =        "51--??",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 18:52:40 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990pcp..book...51G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:1991:GTE,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Gay tribe of electrons",
  crossref =     "Ferris:1991:WTP",
  pages =        "38--49",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 29 12:16:40 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Article{Gamow:1993:MML,
  author =       "Georgii Gamow",
  title =        "Moya Mirovay a Liniya. ({Russian}) [{My} World Line]",
  journal =      "Kodry",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "139--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 07:59:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Book{Gamow:1993:MTP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins} in Paperback",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  edition =      "Canto",
  pages =        "xvi + 185",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-521-44771-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-44771-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC71 .G25 1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993mtp..book.....G;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam026/93199164.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam028/93199164.html",
  abstract =     "Mr Tompkins has become known by many readers as the
                 bank clerk whose fantastic dreams and adventures lead
                 him into a world inside the atom. George Gamow's
                 classic provides an explanation of the central concepts
                 in modern physics, from atomic structure to relativity,
                 and quantum theory to fusion and fission.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Illustrated by the author and John Hookham.",
  subject =      "Physics",
  tableofcontents = "City speed limit \\
                 The Professor's lecture on relativity which caused Mr.
                 Tompkins's dream \\
                 Mr. Tompkins takes a holiday \\
                 The Professor's lecture on curved space, gravity and
                 the universe \\
                 The pulsating universe \\
                 Cosmic opera \\
                 Quantum billiards \\
                 Quantum jungles \\
                 Maxwell's demon \\
                 The gay tribe of electrons \\
                 A part of the previous lecture which Mr Tompkins slept
                 through \\
                 Inside the nucleus \\
                 The wood carver \\
                 Holes in nothing \\
                 Mr Tompkins tastes a Japanese meal",
}

@Article{Gamow:1993:ODT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "An outline of the development of the theory of the
                 structure of the atomic nucleus ({I}, {IV})",
  journal =      j-PHYS-USPEKHI,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "267--278",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "PHUSEY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1993v036n04ABEH002151",
  ISSN =         "1063-7869 (print), 1468-4780 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7869",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 10:11:21 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://ufn.ru/en/articles/1993/4/e/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics-Uspekhi",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670",
  language =     "Russian and English",
}

@Book{Gamow:1994:PMT,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Priklyucheniy a Mistera Tompkinsa. ({Russian}) [{The}
                 Adventures of {Mr. Tompkins}]",
  publisher =    "Byuro Kvantum",
  address =      "Moscow, Russia",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1994",
  ISSN =         "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 07:35:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Russian",
  remark =       "This is the first publication in Russian of a Mr.
                 Tompkins book. Gamow's work was deprecated during the
                 Soviet era.",
}

@Book{Gamow:19xx:SSH,
  author =       "George Gamow and Charles Darwin and H. G. (Herbert
                 George) Wells and G. P. (George Philip) Wells",
  title =        "Sengo shuppan honyaku ippan kagaku tosho",
  publisher =    "Kindai Kagakusha, [etc.]",
  address =      "T{\=o}ky{\=o}",
  pages =        "various (37 volumes)",
  year =         "19xx",
  LCCN =         "CLC Q158 nos. 1-37",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:22 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "Collection of works on science, translated from
                 chiefly English, and some French, German, and Russian
                 languages, and published after the World War II.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Includes incomplete sets.",
  subject =      "Science",
  tableofcontents = "[1] Rika no kiso jikken / Ch{\=a}rusu K. Arei cho
                 \\
                 [2] Shokubutsu no majutsushi / R{\=u}s{\=a} B{\=a}banku
                 \\
                 [2a] Uch{\=u} to Ainshutain / Rink{\=a}n B{\=a}netto
                 \\
                 [a3, 3-6] B{\=\i}gurug{\=o} k{\=o}kaiki (2 v.) ; Hana
                 no katachi ; Sangosh{\=o} ; Shu no kigen (gekan) /
                 D{\=a}win \\
                 [7-8] Busshitsu to hikari (2 v.) / DuBuroi cho \\
                 [8a] R{\=o}soku monogatari / Farad{\=e} jutsu \\
                 [9-11] Chiky{\=u} no denki ; Tsuki ; Uch{\=u} no
                 s{\=o}z{\=o} / G. Gamofu cho \\
                 [12] Kodomo no ky{\=o}iku to kagaku / G. S. Kureigu cho
                 \\
                 [13] Shinka to rinri / Tomasu Hakkusuri cho \\
                 [14-15] Shimin no kagaku. 4, 6 / Ransurotto Hoguben cho
                 \\
                 [16] Kagaku to sh{\=u}ky{\=o} to no t{\=o}s{\=o} /
                 Howaito cho \\
                 [16a] Wakusei e tobu / {\=A}s{\=a} C Kur{\=a}ku \\
                 [16b] S{\=u}gaku ni kansuru ik{\=o} / Marukusu \\
                 [16c] Kagaku no taikei / Osuwaruto cho \\
                 [17] Pasukaru kagaku ronbunsh{\=u} (ge) \\
                 [18] Sanchi chirigaku / R. Piti cho \\
                 [19] Nihon no k{\=o}butsu shigen \\
                 [20] Asu no kagaku / Rin P{\=u}ru cho \\
                 [21] Doj{\=o}gaku / T. L. Raion, H. O. Bakkuman \\
                 [22] Kagaku to wa d{\=o} iu mono ka /
                 Ramusup{\=a}g{\=a} \\
                 [23] Jink{\=o} eisei dai 1-g{\=o} / Deru R{\=\i} gencho
                 \\
                 [24] Baikaruko / Eri Eri Rosor{\=\i}mo cho \\
                 [24a] Saikin ni okeru kagaku kenky{\=u} no d{\=o}k{\=o}
                 \\
                 [25] Kagaku no seimei / J{\=o}ji S{\=a}ton \\
                 [26] Seiy{\=o} kagakushi (gekan) / Shut{\=e}rihi cho
                 \\
                 [27-28] Mushimegane de dekiru kansatsu ; Tanoshii
                 kagaku jikken / Juriusu Shuw{\=a}rutsu \\
                 [29-30] Kagaku no rekishi. 1-2 / J{\=o}ji Shuworutsu,
                 Firippu Bishoppu cho \\
                 [31] Kagaku wa sekai o kaiz{\=o}suru / Sut{\=o}kurei
                 \\
                 [32-35] Weruzu seimei no kagaku, 5-8 / H. G. Weruzu, G.
                 P. Weruzu, Jurian Hekusur{\=e} \\
                 [36] D{\=o}butsuen no hakushi / L. N. Uddo \\
                 [37] Kazan to taiy{\=o} / Wanofusuk{\=\i} cho",
}

@Book{Gamow:2001:TAQ,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Trente ann{\'e}es qui {\'e}branl{\`e}rent la physique:
                 histoire de la physique quantique. ({French}) [{Thirty}
                 years that shook physics; the story of quantum
                 theory]",
  publisher =    pub-DUNOD,
  address =      pub-DUNOD:adr,
  pages =        "x + 194",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:58:17 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Translated to French by J. Gabay.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{Gamow:2001:TCS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Trent'anni che sconvolsero la fisica: la storia della
                 Teoria dei Quanti. ({Italian}) [{Thirty} years that
                 shook physics; the story of quantum theory]",
  publisher =    "Zanichelli",
  address =      "Bologna, Italy",
  pages =        "205",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 10:02:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Italian",
}

@Book{Gamow:2002:G,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Gravity",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  edition =      "Dover",
  pages =        "157",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-486-42563-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-42563-4 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC178 .G3 2002",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover033/2002034827.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Originally published: Garden City, NY: Anchor Books,
                 1962, in series: Science study series. Illustrations by
                 the author.",
  subject =      "Gravitation",
  tableofcontents = "Biography \\
                 Preface to the Dover edition \\
                 Preface \\
                 How things fall \\
                 The apple and the moon \\
                 Calculus \\
                 Planetary orbits \\
                 The Earth as a spinning top \\
                 The tides \\
                 Triumphs of celestial mechanics \\
                 Escaping gravity \\
                 Einstein's theory of gravity \\
                 Unsolved problems of gravity \\
                 Gravity and quantum theory \\
                 Antigravity",
}

@Article{Gamow:2002:UCB,
  author =       "George Gamow and D. Ivanenko and L. Landau",
  title =        "Universal constants and boundary crossings
                 ({Russian})",
  journal =      j-YAD-FIZ,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1406--1408",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "IDFZA7",
  ISSN =         "0044-0027",
  ISSN-L =       "0044-0027",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 04 14:15:40 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Gamow:1928:WCL}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Yadernaya Fizika",
  language =     "Russian",
  remark =       "The journal is claimed no longer published, and I
                 cannot find any online archives from which the original
                 title could be determined. Its English translation (and
                 now, successor), Physics of Atomic Nuclei, is still
                 being published (see
                 https://link.springer.com/journal/11450),",
}

@Article{Gamow:2002:WCL,
  author =       "George Gamow and D. Ivanenko and L. Landau",
  title =        "World Constants and Limiting Transition",
  journal =      j-PHYS-AT-NUCL,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1373--1375",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "PANUEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1495650",
  ISSN =         "1063-7788 (print), 1562-692X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7788",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "English translation and reprint of Russian original
                 \cite{Gamow:1928:WCL,Gamow:2002:UCB}. See comments
                 \cite{Okun:2002:KPF}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/0881529622k1t658/",
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Physics of Atomic Nuclei",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11450",
  keywords =     "constants; physics fundamentals; units (measurement)",
}

@Book{Gamow:2004:CU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Creation of the Universe",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 146",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-486-43868-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-43868-9",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .G3 2004",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 07:06:00 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Dover science books",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Originally published in \cite{Gamow:1961:CU}.",
  subject =      "Cosmology; Cosmology.; Cosmologia.",
}

@Article{Gamow:2004:GF,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Galaxies in Flight",
  journal =      j-RESONANCE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "93--100",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "RESOFE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02903582",
  ISSN =         "0971-8044 (print), 0973-712X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 10:21:53 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.ias.ac.in/resonance/July2004/pdf/July2004Classics.pdf;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/content/0971-8044/9/7/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  fjournal =     "Resonance",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/12045",
  remark =       "Reprint of \cite{Gamow:1948:GF}, with a preface that
                 records updates to the science since the original
                 article was published.",
}

@Book{Gamow:2005:BDS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "The Birth and Death of the Sun: Stellar Evolution and
                 Subatomic Energy",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "219",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-486-44231-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-44231-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QB45.2 .G36 2005",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0624/2005043294-d.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Previously published: [Rev. ed.]. New York: New
                 American Library, 1952..",
  subject =      "Sun; Evolution; Stars; Atoms",
  tableofcontents = "The sun and its energy \\
                 The anatomy of atoms \\
                 The transmutation of elements \\
                 Can subatomic energy be harnessed? \\
                 The alchemy of the sun \\
                 The sun among the stars \\
                 Red giants and the youth of the sun \\
                 White dwarfs and the dying sun \\
                 Can our sun explode? \\
                 The formation of stars and planets \\
                 Island universes \\
                 The birth of the universe",
}

@Book{Gamow:2006:MTG,
  editor =       "George Gamow and Robert Oerter",
  title =        "{Mr. Tompkins} Gets Serious: the Essential {George
                 Gamow}",
  publisher =    "Pi Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  edition =      "The masterpiece science",
  pages =        "xvi + 399",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-13-187291-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-187291-2",
  LCCN =         "QC71 .G26 2006",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Foreword by R. Igor Gamow.",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0518/2005025070.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Igor Gamow is George Gamow's son.",
  subject =      "Physics; Matter; Properties",
  tableofcontents = "The atom in philosophy and chemistry \\
                 The electric nature of matter \\
                 The quantum of radiant energy \\
                 The Bohr atom \\
                 Wave nature of particles \\
                 Natural radioactivity \\
                 Artificial nuclear transformations \\
                 The structure of the atomic nucleus \\
                 Large-scale nuclear reactions \\
                 Mystery particles \\
                 Bodies in motion \\
                 Vibrations and waves \\
                 Heat and temperature \\
                 Electromagnetism \\
                 Light, visible and invisible \\
                 Modern views on space, time, and motion",
}

@InCollection{Gamow:2007:QU,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Quantum uncertainty",
  crossref =     "Whitfield:2007:WMR",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 09:11:36 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
}

@Book{Gamow:2010:GFC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Gravit{\`a}: la forza che governa l'universo.
                 ({Italian}) [{Gravity}: the force that governs the
                 {Universe}]",
  publisher =    "Dedalo",
  address =      "Bari, Italy",
  pages =        "152",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "88-220-0248-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-88-220-0248-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:43:19 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Translated to Italian by Andrea Migliori. Introduction
                 by Elena Ioli. Foreword by Gino Segr{\`e}. Postscript
                 by Silvio Bergia.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Italian",
}

@Book{Gamow:2011:AEC,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Atomic Energy in Cosmic and Human Life: Fifty Years of
                 Radioactivity",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "161",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "1-107-40208-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-107-40208-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 06:46:33 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  remark =       "Reprint of \cite{Gamow:1947:AEC}.",
  tableofcontents = "Modern alchemy \\
                 How the stars use atomic energy \\
                 How can man use atomic energy \\
                 Plates",
}

@Book{Gamow:2011:MTL,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mr Tompkins} Learns the Facts of Life",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 87 + 6",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "1-107-40207-7 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-107-40207-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 07:12:40 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1904--1968",
  remark =       "Originally published in \cite{Gamow:1953:MTL}.",
  subject =      "Biology.",
  tableofcontents = "List of illustrations \\
                 Acknowledgements \\
                 1. First dream: through the blood stream \\
                 2. Second dream: Gene's piece of mind \\
                 3. Third dream: brainy stuff \\
                 4. The professor's lecture: the nature of life",
}

@Book{Gamow:2012:MTP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{Mr Tompkins} in Paperback",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "1-107-60468-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-107-60468-1",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:51:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of the 1993 edition.",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 06025689",
  abstract =     "Since his first appearance over sixty years ago, Mr
                 Tompkins has become known and loved by many thousands
                 of readers as the bank clerk whose fantastic dreams and
                 adventures lead him into a world inside the atom.
                 George Gamow's classic provides a delightful
                 explanation of the central concepts in modern physics,
                 from atomic structure to relativity, and quantum theory
                 to fusion and fission. Roger Penrose's foreword
                 introduces Mr Tompkins to a new generation of readers
                 and reviews his adventures in light of recent
                 developments in physics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  classmath =    "{97M50 (Physics, astronomy, technology, engineering
                 (aspects of mathematical education)) 97A80
                 (Popularization of mathematics) 01A75 (Collected or
                 selected works) 00A79 (Physics) 00A09 (Popularization
                 of mathematics) }",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword \\
                 Preface \\
                 Contents \\
                 Acknowledgements \\
                 Introduction \\
                 1 City Speed Limit \\
                 2 The Professor's Lecture on Relativity which caused Mr
                 Tompkins's dream \\
                 3 Mr Tompkins takes a holiday \\
                 4 The Professor's Lecture on Curved Space, Gravity and
                 the Universe \\
                 5 The Pulsating Universe \\
                 6 Cosmic Opera \\
                 7 Quantum Billiards \\
                 8 Quantum Jungles \\
                 9 Maxwell's Demon \\
                 10 The Gay Tribe of Electrons \\
                 101D A Part of the Previous Lecture which Mr Tompkins
                 slept through \\
                 12 Inside the Nucleus \\
                 13 The Woodcarver \\
                 14 Holes in Nothing \\
                 15 Mr Tompkins Tastes a Japanese Meal",
}

@Book{Stannard:2012:NMM,
  author =       "Russell Stannard and George Gamow",
  title =        "Le nouveau monde de {M. Tompkins}. ({French}) [{The}
                 new world of {Mr. Tompkins}]",
  publisher =    "Le Pommier",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "351",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "2-7465-0610-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-2-7465-0610-7 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC24.5 .S73 2012; QC71 .S7314 2012",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 07:09:36 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Plumes de science Le Pommier!",
  abstract =     "Ou comment un modeste employ{\'e} de banque
                 d{\'e}couvre la relativit{\'e} d'Einstein, la naissance
                 et la mort de l'Univers, le monde n{\'e}buleux des
                 quanta et s'initie {\`a} cet ultime myst{\`e}re
                 cosmique: l'amour.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "French",
  subject =      "Physique; Ouvrages de vulgarisation",
}

@Book{Gamow:2014:BF,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "Biograf{\'i}a de la f{\'i}sica. ({Spanish})
                 [{Biography} of Physics]",
  volume =       "C34",
  publisher =    "Alianza Editorial",
  address =      "Madrid, Spain",
  pages =        "486 + 12",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "84-206-8970-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-84-206-8970-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 07:36:46 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Spanish translation by Fernando Vela.",
  series =       "El Libro de bolsillo. Ciencias",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  language =     "Spanish",
  subject =      "F{\'i}sica; Historia",
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%%  Part 2 (of 2) --- Publications about George Gamow and/or his works
%%%
%%% Entries are sorted by year, and then by citation label:

@Article{Rutherford:1927:LSR,
  author =       "{Sir} Ernest {Rutherford, O.M., P.R.S.}",
  title =        "{LI}. {Structure} of the radioactive atom and origin
                 of the $ \alpha $-rays",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-MAG-7,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "580--605",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1927",
  CODEN =        "PHMAA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440908564361",
  ISSN =         "1941-5982 (print), 1941-5990 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1941-5982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 26 06:18:17 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib",
  note =         "Cited in \cite[page 441]{Wilson:1983:RSG} as `a great
                 paper'. Wilson (page 559) later notes that this paper
                 inspired George Gamow to his prediction of the quantum
                 tunneling effect in 1929 (credit also goes to Edward
                 Condon and Ronald Gurney who wrote two papers in 1928
                 on that idea, and to Robert Oppenheimer, who published
                 a paper on that topic five months before those of
                 Condon and Gurney).",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786440908564361",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical
                 Magazine and Journal of Science: Series 7",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm20",
  onlinedate =   "1 Apr 2009",
}

@Article{Gurney:1928:WMR,
  author =       "Ronald W. Gurney and Edward U. Condon",
  title =        "Wave Mechanics and Radioactive Disintegration",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "122",
  number =       "3073",
  pages =        "439--439",
  day =          "22",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1928",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/122439a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 12 08:57:39 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Gamow:1928:QAG,Gamow:1929:QRK,Gurney:1929:QMR,Alpher:1973:LNC}.",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v122/n3073/pdf/122439a0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
  keywords =     "theory of alpha radioactivity",
}

@Article{Oppenheimer:1928:QTA,
  author =       "J. R. Oppenheimer",
  title =        "On the Quantum Theory of the Autoelectric Field
                 Currents",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "363--365",
  day =          "15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1928",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.14.5.363",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 14 09:28:00 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/85208.pdf",
  ZMnumber =     "54.0971.01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
  received =     "28 March 1928",
  remark =       "According to \cite[page 79]{Rigden:1995:JRO}, this
                 paper introduced the idea of {\em electron tunneling\/}
                 a few months before Gamow, Condon, and Gurney. From
                 page 363: ``Any field, no matter how weak, will in time
                 dissociate an atom. This is essentially a consequence
                 of the fact that the motion of the electron is no
                 longer absolutely restricted to a region of the
                 dimensions of the Bohr orbit; it will now occasionally,
                 though not very often, be found at points much further
                 from the nucleus; and the further it is, the smaller
                 will be the field required to insure that it does not
                 return to the nucleus.'' However, Oppenheimer does not
                 use the term `tunneling'. See \cite{Nimtz:2011:TCS} for
                 a recent treatment.",
  reviewer =     "Prof. W. Gordon (Hamburg)",
}

@Article{Gurney:1929:QMR,
  author =       "R. W. Gurney and E. U. Condon",
  title =        "Quantum Mechanics and Radioactive Disintegration",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV-2,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "127--140",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1929",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.33.127",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 4 19:15:01 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.33.127",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  received =     "20 November 1928",
  remark-1 =     "The footnote on the first page says: ``An account of
                 this work was first published in Nature for September
                 22, 1928 [\cite{Gurney:1928:WMR}]. In a number of the
                 Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik ({\bf 51}, 204, 1928)
                 [\cite{Gamow:1928:QAG}] received here two weeks ago
                 there appears a paper by Gamow who has arrived quite
                 independently at the same basic idea as was presented
                 in our letter and which is here treated in
                 detail. Reports of this paper were also given at the
                 Schenectady meeting of the National Academy of Sciences
                 on November 20, 1928 and at the Minneapolis meeting of
                 the American Physical Society on December 1, 1928.''",
  remark-2 =     "The paper discusses in detail the passage of quantum
                 particles through an energy barrier, but never uses the
                 modern name {\em tunneling}. It shows that quite small
                 changes in the barrier height cause enormous changes in
                 transmission probabilities, so that isotope half lives
                 can span 15 or more orders of magnitude, in general
                 agreement with experiment.",
}

@Article{Houtermans:1930:NAQ,
  author =       "Fritz G. Houtermans",
  title =        "{Neuere Arbeiten {\"u}ber Quantentheorie des
                 Atomskerns}. ({German}) [{New} work on the quantum
                 theory of the atomic nucleus]",
  journal =      j-ERGEB-EXAKTEN-NATURWISS,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "123--221",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1930",
  CODEN =        "EENAA3",
  ISSN =         "0367-0325",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 16:45:58 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Ergebnisse der Exakten Naturwissenschaften",
  language =     "German",
  remark-1 =     "Houtermans' discusses Gamow's liquid-drop model of
                 nuclear structure; see \cite{Gamow:1929:DSA,
                 Gamow:1930:MDC, Houtermans:1930:NAQ,
                 Rutherford:1930:RRS, Heisenberg:1934:CTG,
                 vonWeizsacker:1935:TKG, Bethe:1936:NPS,
                 Rutherford:1951:RRS, Stuewer:1994:OLD,
                 Stuewer:1997:GAD}.",
  remark-2 =     "This long (99-page) review summarizes, among other
                 things, work on the particle tunneling phenomenon in
                 1928--1930 by Oppenheimer, Gamow, Gurney, Condon, and
                 others. See the discussion in \cite[pages
                 91--109]{Stuewer:2018:AIN}.",
}

@Book{Rutherford:1930:RRS,
  author =       "Sir Ernest Rutherford and James Chadwick and C. D.
                 (Charles Drummond) Ellis",
  title =        "Radiations from radioactive substances",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 1 + 588",
  year =         "1930",
  LCCN =         "QC721 .R94",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 16:48:55 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1871--1937",
  remark =       "The authors discuss Gamow's liquid-drop model of
                 nuclear structure at length; see \cite{Gamow:1929:DSA,
                 Gamow:1930:MDC, Houtermans:1930:NAQ,
                 Rutherford:1930:RRS, Heisenberg:1934:CTG,
                 vonWeizsacker:1935:TKG, Bethe:1936:NPS,
                 Rutherford:1951:RRS, Stuewer:1994:OLD,
                 Stuewer:1997:GAD}.",
  subject =      "Radioactivity",
}

@Article{Meitner:1931:STG,
  author =       "Lise Meitner and Kurt Philipp",
  title =        "{Das $ \gamma $-Spektrum von ThC'' und die gamowsche
                 Theorie der $ \alpha $-Feinstruktur}. ({German}) [{The}
                 $ \gamma $ spectrum of {ThC''} and the {Gamow} theory
                 of $ \alpha $ fine structure]",
  journal =      j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "50",
  pages =        "1007--1007",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1931",
  CODEN =        "NATWAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01516099",
  ISSN =         "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-1042",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 21 18:17:48 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)",
  fjournal =     "Naturwissenschaften",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/114",
  language =     "German",
  keywords =     "ThC'' = $^{208}$Tl = Thallium-208",
}

@Article{Hartree:1932:RBC,
  author =       "D. R. Hartree",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{The Constitution of Atomic Nuclei
                 and Radioactivity}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-MATH-GAZ,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "220",
  pages =        "284--285",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "MAGAAS",
  ISSN =         "0025-5572 (print), 2056-6328 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3605938.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematical Gazette",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.m-a.org.uk/jsp/index.jsp?lnk=620",
}

@Article{Pauli:1932:BRG,
  author =       "Wolfgang Pauli",
  title =        "Book Review: {G. Gamow, \booktitle{Der Bau des
                 Atomkernes und die Radioaktivit{\"a}t}}",
  journal =      j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "582--582",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1932",
  CODEN =        "NATWAY",
  ISSN =         "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-1042",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 08 15:15:30 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Naturwissenschaften",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/114",
  REP-number =   "117",
}

@InProceedings{Heisenberg:1934:CTG,
  author =       "Werner Heisenberg",
  title =        "Consid{\'e}rations th{\'e}oriques g{\'e}n{\'e}rales
                 sure la structure du noyau. ({French}) [{General}
                 theoretical considerations of the structure of the
                 nucleus]",
  crossref =     "Cockcroft:1934:SPN",
  pages =        "289--335",
  year =         "1934",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 25 18:06:25 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "This work extends Gamow's liquid-drop model of nuclear
                 structure \cite{Gamow:1929:DSA, Gamow:1930:MDC,
                 Houtermans:1930:NAQ, Rutherford:1930:RRS,
                 vonWeizsacker:1935:TKG, Bethe:1936:NPS,
                 Rutherford:1951:RRS, Stuewer:1994:OLD,
                 Stuewer:1997:GAD}. It also adopts Majorana's exchange
                 force \cite[page 63]{Guerra:2008:EMF}.",
}

@Article{Lewis:1934:GE,
  author =       "Gilbert N. Lewis",
  title =        "The Genesis of the Elements",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "897--901",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1934",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.46.897",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 8 12:46:43 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.46.897",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Racah:1935:BAH,
  author =       "Giulio Racah",
  title =        "{Bemerkung zur Arbeit von Herrn Gamow: Empirische
                 Stabilit{\"a}tsgrenzen von Atomkernen}. ({German})
                 [{Note} on the work of {Mr. Gamow}: Empirical stability
                 limits of atomic nuclei]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "9--10",
  pages =        "704--704",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1935",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01330547",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:19:28 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gamow:1934:ESA}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/xv423381842u1571/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{vonWeizsacker:1935:TKG,
  author =       "C. F. von Weizs{\"a}cker",
  title =        "{Zur Theorie der Kernmassen}. ({German}) [{On} the
                 theory of nuclear mass]",
  journal =      j-Z-PHYSIK,
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "431--458",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1935",
  CODEN =        "ZEPYAA",
  ISSN =         "0044-3328",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 17:02:15 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Physik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/218",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "This work extends Gamow's liquid-drop model of nuclear
                 structure. See \cite{Gamow:1929:DSA, Gamow:1930:MDC,
                 Houtermans:1930:NAQ, Rutherford:1930:RRS,
                 Heisenberg:1934:CTG, Bethe:1936:NPS,
                 Rutherford:1951:RRS, Stuewer:1994:OLD,
                 Stuewer:1997:GAD}",
}

@Article{Bethe:1936:NPS,
  author =       "H. A. Bethe and R. F. Bacher",
  title =        "Nuclear Physics {A}. {Stationary} States of Nuclei",
  journal =      j-REV-MOD-PHYS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "82--229",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1936",
  CODEN =        "RMPHAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.8.82",
  ISSN =         "0034-6861 (print), 1538-4527 (electronic), 1539-0756",
  ISSN-L =       "0034-6861",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 22 16:36:25 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://rmp.aps.org/toc/RMP/v8/i2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revmodphys1930.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.8.82;
                 http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v8/i2/p82_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Reviews of Modern Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://rmp.aps.org/browse",
  remark =       "This work extends Gamow's liquid-drop model of nuclear
                 structure. See \cite{Gamow:1929:DSA, Gamow:1930:MDC,
                 Houtermans:1930:NAQ, Rutherford:1930:RRS,
                 Heisenberg:1934:CTG, vonWeizsacker:1935:TKG,
                 Rutherford:1951:RRS, Stuewer:1994:OLD,
                 Stuewer:1997:GAD}",
}

@Article{Bethe:1939:EPSa,
  author =       "Hans A. Bethe",
  title =        "Energy Production in Stars",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "434--456",
  day =          "1",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.55.434",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 16 15:06:17 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://publish.aps.org/search;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "See further work \cite{Hoyle:1946:SEH,Hoyle:1954:NRO}.
                 According to \cite[page 41]{Brown:2009:HAB}, this paper
                 won Bethe the A. Cressy Morrison Prize of the New York
                 Academy of Sciences, and almost three decades later,
                 the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics.",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.55.434;
                 http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i5/p434_1",
  ZMnumber =     "0020.33408",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Hans Albrecht Bethe (1906--2005)",
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
  received =     "7 September 1938",
  remark =       "From the final paragraph: ``These investigations
                 originated at the Fourth Washington Conference on
                 Theoretical Physics, held in March, 1938 by the George
                 Washington University and the Department of Terrestrial
                 Magnetism. The author is indebted to Professors
                 Stromgren and Chandrasekhar for information on the
                 astrophysical data and literature, to Professors Teller
                 and Gamow for discussions, and to Professor Konopinski
                 for a critical revision of the manuscript.''",
  subjects =     "Quantum theory",
}

@Article{Hahn:1939:NVB,
  author =       "Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann",
  title =        "{{\"U}ber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der
                 Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden
                 Erdalkalimetalle}. ({German}) [{Concerning} the
                 existence of alkaline earth metals resulting from the
                 neutron irradiation of uranium]",
  journal =      j-NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1939",
  CODEN =        "NATWAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01488241",
  ISSN =         "0028-1042 (print), 1432-1904 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-1042",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 28 16:03:01 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "A facsimile is also available in \cite[pages
                 87--91]{Beyer:1949:FNP} and in
                 \cite{Graetzer:1964:DNF}. Abridged English translation
                 in \cite[pages 44--47]{Graetzer:1971:DNF}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "8 March 1879--28 July 1968 (Hahn), 22 February
                 1902--22 April 1980 (Strassmann)",
  fjournal =     "Naturwissenschaften",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/114",
  language =     "German",
  received =     "22 December 1938",
  remark-1 =     "This is one of the most important scientific papers of
                 the 20th Century. It is the fundamental paper that
                 describes the first experimental evidence of nuclear
                 fission, and was accompanied by a second paper
                 \cite{Hahn:1939:NEA} received on the same day, but
                 published a month (five issues) later. Hahn's long-time
                 collaborator, Lise Meitner (who had escaped Nazi
                 Germany in July 1938, first to The Netherlands, then to
                 Sweden) and her nephew, Otto Frisch, made a critical
                 analysis of the experimental results on 24 December
                 1938. Word from Frisch soon reached Niels Bohr in
                 Copenhagen, who then carried the news in a visit to the
                 eastern United States in early January 1939, and
                 announced the Meitner--Frisch explanation on 26 January
                 at a conference in theoretical physics at the Carnegie
                 Institution of Washington. By the end of that month,
                 American physicists were widely aware of the discovery,
                 and Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California,
                 Berkeley, had already roughly sketched how to build a
                 fission bomb.

                 Prior to this work, all previous experiments found that
                 neutron bombardment increased the atomic weight by just
                 one or two, leaving the charge, and the chemical
                 nature, of the atom unchanged. The new experiments
                 described in this paper found products that chemically
                 resembled lighter atoms, but were conservatively called
                 variants of the heavier radium, actinium, and thorium
                 (elements 88, 89, and 90). The third last paragraph of
                 the article is particularly significant: the authors
                 wrote ``As chemists we really ought to revise the decay
                 scheme given above and insert the symbols Ba, La, Ce
                 [barium, lanthanum, and cerium: elements 56, 57, and
                 58] in place of Ra, Ac, Th. However as ``nuclear
                 chemists,'' working very close to the field of physics,
                 we cannot bring ourselves yet to take such a drastic
                 step which goes against all previous experience in
                 nuclear physics. There could perhaps be a series of
                 unusual coincidences which has given us false
                 information.''

                 Einstein later remarked \cite{Einstein:1950:MLYa} about
                 the Hahn and Strassmann discovery ``this was not
                 something I could have predicted.''

                 In 1945, Otto Hahn received the Nobel Prize in
                 Chemistry for 1944 for the discovery of fission; see
                 \path=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/=,
                 and biographies at
                 \path=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn= and
                 \path=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Strassmann=.
                 He was unable to attend the Nobel ceremonies, because
                 he was a prisoner at Farm Hall outside Cambridge,
                 England \cite{Bernstein:1996:HUC}.

                 The subsequent view of many scientists is that
                 Strassmann and Meitner should have shared the Nobel
                 Prize.",
  remark-2 =     "From \cite[page 64]{Sime:2012:PFO}: ``Hahn and
                 Strassmann's barium publication appeared in Germany in
                 Naturwissenschaften on January 5, 1939, but even before
                 that Frisch told Niels Bohr, who was about to sail from
                 Copenhagen to New York, from where the news spread to
                 Princeton, Columbia, and a meeting of theoretical
                 physicists in Washington, DC. By the end of January The
                 New York Times was headlining a ``New Physics
                 Phenomenon Credited to Hahn,'' with an emphasis on
                 `atom explosions,' `vast energy,' and `gigantic atomic
                 cannonballs'.''",
}

@Article{Freeman:1940:RSA,
  author =       "Ira M. Freeman",
  title =        "Review: Strangest of All Possible Worlds:
                 {{\booktitle{Mr Tompkins in Wonderland}} by George
                 Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "471--472",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/17405.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{M:1940:BRBm,
  author =       "W. M. M.",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins in Wonderland}}
                 by G. Gamow}",
  journal =      j-PHILOS-SCI,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "386--386",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "PHSCA6",
  ISSN =         "0031-8248 (print), 1539-767X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-8248",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 1 08:06:05 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=philscie;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i209594;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/philossci1940.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/184854",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Philosophy of Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00318248.html",
}

@Article{M:1940:REP,
  author =       "F. R. M.",
  title =        "Review: Evolution of the Physical Universe:
                 {{\booktitle{The Birth and Death of the Sun} by George
                 Gamow}}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "373--373",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940SciMo..51..373G;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/17358.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{McCrea:1940:RBT,
  author =       "W. H. McCrea",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins in Wonderland}} by
                 George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-MATH-GAZ,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "258",
  pages =        "62--63",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1940",
  CODEN =        "MAGAAS",
  ISSN =         "0025-5572 (print), 2056-6328 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3607110.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematical Gazette",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.m-a.org.uk/jsp/index.jsp?lnk=620",
}

@Article{Mulders:1941:RBB,
  author =       "Gerard F. W. Mulders",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{The Birth and Death of the Sun:
                 Stellar Evolution and Subatomic Energy}} by George
                 Gamow}",
  journal =      j-PUBL-ASTRON-SOC-PAC,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "311",
  pages =        "56--58",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1941",
  CODEN =        "PASPAU",
  ISSN =         "0004-6280 (print), 1538-3873 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-6280",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/40670486.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Publications of the {Astronomical Society of the
                 Pacific}",
}

@Article{Mather:1942:REB,
  author =       "Kirtley F. Mather",
  title =        "Review: The Earth: {{\booktitle{Biography of the
                 Earth}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "2455",
  pages =        "71--72",
  day =          "16",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1942",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1942Sci....95...71M;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1669073.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1944:BRB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins Explores the
                 Atom}}, by G. Gamow}",
  journal =      "Popular Astronomy",
  volume =       "52",
  pages =        "362--??",
  year =         "1944",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1944PA.....52..362G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pomerantz:1944:RAN,
  author =       "Jacob Pomerantz",
  title =        "Review: Atomic Nightmares: {{\booktitle{Mr Tompkins
                 Explores the Atom}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "239--240",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1944",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/18683.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Cockcroft:1946:RLW,
  author =       "J. D. Cockcroft",
  title =        "{Rutherford}: Life and work after the year 1919, with
                 personal reminiscences of the {Cambridge} period",
  journal =      j-PROC-PHYS-SOC,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "625--633",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "PPSOAU",
  ISSN =         "0959-5309 (print), 2051-2171 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 10 11:41:03 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib",
  URL =          "http://stacks.iop.org/0959-5309/58/i=6/a=301",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the Physical Society, London",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0370-1328",
  remark-01 =    "From page 625: ``\ldots{} we blew and built with our
                 own hands a fine Macleod gauge --- and were horrified
                 by destroying it in the classical manner just as
                 Rutherford walked in at the door. He was sympathetic,
                 but explained that he did not keep students who had too
                 many accidents. This dislike of sins against apparatus
                 was one of Rutherford's well marked
                 characteristics.''",
  remark-02 =    "From page 627: ``During this period Blackett embarked
                 on his courageous attempt to get a Wilson chamber
                 photograph of the nitrogen disintegration. He took
                 photographs of hundreds of thousands of tracks and was
                 eventually rewarded (figure 6) by seeing the tracks of
                 disintegration protons. The photograph shows a long
                 proton track shooting downwards. An alpha particle has
                 entered a nitrogen nucleus, ejecting a proton and
                 leaving oxygen behind, producing the transmutations
                 N-14 + He-4 to O-17 + H-1. This was the first direct
                 proof that the alpha particle is captured in the
                 transmutation.''",
  remark-03 =    "From pages 627--628: ``They [Ernest Rutherford and
                 Ernest Marsden] were able to show that near heavy
                 nuclei, such as gold, the inverse square law held up to
                 the limits of penetration of the fastest alpha
                 particles available. But with the lighter elements they
                 found very marked deviations. These experiments
                 presented Rutherford with the paradox that the
                 potential barrier round the heavy nuclei must rise well
                 beyond 10 million volts, whereas alpha particles come
                 out of these nuclei at energies between 4 and 8 million
                 volts. The alpha particles do not therefore escape with
                 the full energy of the potential field. The solution to
                 this problem was provided by a visitor to the
                 laboratory; a young and imaginative theoretical
                 physicist from Leningrad, Dr. Gamow saw that the
                 solution was provided by the new wave mechanics which
                 was then being developed by Schr{\"o}dinger and others.
                 On the new ideas it was evident that the alpha
                 particles could leak through the potential barriers of
                 the nuclei, and so need not have the full energy of the
                 field. In this way, nuclear physicists were given a new
                 and most fruitful model to guide their researches.''",
  remark-04 =    "From page 629: ``About the same time I started to
                 build the first high-voltage apparatus for the
                 acceleration of protons. I was led to do this by the
                 predictions of Gamow's theory that protons of a few
                 hundred kilovolts should penetrate the barriers of
                 light nuclei. These predictions were submitted to
                 Rutherford and he encouraged me to go ahead.''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 629: ``Very swiftly, Dee and Feather were
                 set to work with their expansion chambers to look for
                 the tracks of the projected particles. Dee found the
                 tracks of proton and other recoils and Feather
                 discovered the transmutation of nitrogen by neutrons,
                 the first of the transmutations by this new
                 particle.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page 630: ``About the same time in 1933
                 Rutherford received from G. N. Lewis the first sample
                 of heavy hydrogen to reach Europe. Within a few days
                 the sample was converted into deuterium gas, which
                 Rutherford guarded with the most jealous care. He
                 turned at once with Oliphant to do experiments with
                 deuterons and soon discovered the transmutation of
                 deuterium by deuterons. They found that two reactions
                 occurred, D + D = H-1 + H-3 or He-3 + n, leading to the
                 new elements H-3 and He-3.''",
  remark-07 =    "From page 630: ``During 1932 we had a visit from
                 Millikan, who brought with him some very remarkable
                 cosmic-ray photographs taken by Anderson which gave the
                 first indications of positive electrons. Immediately
                 after that, Blackett and Occhialini turned on their
                 Wilson chamber to the search. Introducing the principle
                 of counter control, they very soon obtained some
                 remarkable photographs, showing pairs of positive and
                 negative electrons, and in some cases showers of
                 particles.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page 630: ``The discovery of artificial
                 radioactivity was missed in the laboratory, largely
                 because we did not in general work with Geiger
                 counters, and were looking for particles either with
                 scintillation screens or with counters which would not
                 respond to beta rays. When Curie-Joliot announced the
                 discovery of the production of artificial radioactivity
                 of alpha particle bombardment, Walton and I were able
                 to borrow a Geiger counter equipment from Bainbridge
                 and to show that protons could produce artificial
                 radioactivity in carbon.''",
  remark-09 =    "From page 632: ``One of the things that Rutherford
                 never forgave was the publication of wrong results. He
                 believed in the notice written in the entrance to
                 McGill Physics Laboratory --- `Prove all things'.''",
  remark-10 =    "From page 633: ``Although Rutherford died in 1937, his
                 influence was a major factor in the scientific
                 supremacy of Britain in the war. The Senior Staff and
                 research students of the laboratory, together with
                 members of other physics schools, were mobilized in the
                 first days of the war and developed for Britain and the
                 allied cause the centimetric radar which turned the
                 tide of the U-boat battle, directed the bombing of
                 Germany and helped decisively to sink the Japanese
                 fleet. The Liverpool branch of the Rutherford School,
                 with Frisch and Peierls from Birmingham, initiated the
                 work on the atomic bomb which ended the war with
                 Japan.''",
}

@Article{Hoyle:1946:SEH,
  author =       "Fred Hoyle",
  title =        "The synthesis of the elements from hydrogen",
  journal =      j-MONTHLY-NOT-ROY-ASTRON-SOC,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "343--383",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "MNRAA4",
  ISSN =         "0035-8711 (print), 1365-2966 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-8711",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 4 06:31:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1946MNRAS.106..343H",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
  remark =       "See \cite{Bethe:1939:EPSa,Hoyle:1954:NRO}",
}

@Article{Lattes:1946:ANU,
  author =       "C. Lattes and G. Wataghin",
  title =        "On the Abundance of Nuclei in the Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "5--6",
  pages =        "237--237",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.69.237",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 16:25:48 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See remarks in \cite{Dyson:1993:GGP} about the
                 relation of this work to \cite{Alpher:1948:OCE}, and
                 the subsequent incorrect neglect of Wataghin's work.
                 See also related papers
                 \cite{Wataghin:1946:ANU,DeToledo:1948:RAN,Wataghin:1948:FCE}.",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.69.237",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Wataghin:1946:ANU,
  author =       "G. Wataghin",
  title =        "On the Abundance of Nuclei in the Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "70",
  pages =        "430--431",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.70.430.2",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 16:23:54 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See remarks in \cite{Dyson:1993:GGP} about the
                 relation of this work to \cite{Alpher:1948:OCE}, and
                 the subsequent incorrect neglect of Wataghin's work.
                 See also related papers
                 \cite{Lattes:1946:ANU,DeToledo:1948:RAN,Wataghin:1948:FCE}.",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.70.430.2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  issue =        "5-6",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1947:RBO,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Public Opinion}} by Walter
                 Lippmann}; {{\booktitle{Patterns of Culture}} by Ruth
                 Benedict}; {{\booktitle{The Birth and Death of the
                 Sun}} by George Gamow}; {{\booktitle{You and Music}} by
                 Christian Darnton}",
  journal =      j-J-EDUC-SOCIOL-NEW-YORK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "314--315",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1947",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0885-3525 (print), 2326-4055 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2263833.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Educational Sociology (New York)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/jeducsoci",
}

@Article{Alpher:1948:NCT,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher",
  title =        "A Neutron-Capture Theory of the Formation and Relative
                 Abundance of the Elements",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1577--1589",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.74.1577",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 07:12:56 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.74.1577",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Alpher:1948:RAE,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman",
  title =        "On the Relative Abundance of the Elements",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1737--1742",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.74.1737",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 06:55:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.74.1737",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{C:1948:RBE,
  author =       "M. S. C.",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Biography of the Earth}} by
                 George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-J-GEOL,
  volume =       "56",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "593--594",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "JGEOAZ",
  ISSN =         "0022-1376 (print), 1537-5269 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0022-1376",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/30080854.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Geology",
}

@Article{DeToledo:1948:RAN,
  author =       "Paulo Saraiva {De Toledo} and Gleb Wataghin",
  title =        "On the Relative Abundances of Nuclei in the Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "79--80",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.73.79.2",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 16:20:03 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See remarks in \cite{Dyson:1993:GGP} about the
                 relation of this work to \cite{Alpher:1948:OCE}, and
                 the subsequent incorrect neglect of Wataghin's work.
                 See also related papers
                 \cite{Lattes:1946:ANU,Wataghin:1946:ANU,Wataghin:1948:FCE}.",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.73.79.2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Infeld:1948:RMB,
  author =       "Leopold Infeld",
  title =        "Review: Mathematics---And Beyond: {{\booktitle{One Two
                 Three\ldots{} Infinity}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "66",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "440--441",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/19511.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{Wataghin:1948:FCE,
  author =       "Gleb Wataghin",
  title =        "On the Formation of Chemical Elements Inside the
                 Stars",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "79--79",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1948",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.73.79",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 2 16:22:25 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See remarks in \cite{Dyson:1993:GGP} about the
                 relation of this work to \cite{Alpher:1948:OCE}, and
                 the subsequent incorrect neglect of Wataghin's work.
                 See also related papers
                 \cite{Lattes:1946:ANU,Wataghin:1946:ANU,DeToledo:1948:RAN}.",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.73.79",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Glass:1949:RBE,
  author =       "Bentley Glass",
  title =        "Review:: {{\booktitle{Biography of the Earth. Its
                 Past, Present and Future}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-Q-REV-BIOL,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "354--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "QRBIAK",
  ISSN =         "0033-5770 (print), 1539-7718 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0033-5770",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2809601.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Quarterly review of biology",
}

@Article{Hunaerts:1949:GGO,
  author =       "J. Hunaerts",
  title =        "{G. Gamow --- \booktitle{Het Ontstaan en Vergaan van
                 de Zon}}. ({Dutch}) [{G. Gamow} --- \booktitle{The
                 Birth and Death of the Sun}]",
  journal =      j-CIEL-TERRE,
  volume =       "65",
  pages =        "284--??",
  year =         "1949",
  CODEN =        "CIELAV",
  ISSN =         "0009-6709",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1949C%26T....65..284H",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Ciel et Terre",
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1950:BRB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Book Review: \booktitle{Biography of the Earth}, by
                 George Gamow}",
  journal =      "Popular Astronomy",
  volume =       "58",
  pages =        "367--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1950",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950PA.....58..367G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Rutherford:1951:RRS,
  author =       "Sir Ernest Rutherford and Sir James Chadwick and C. D.
                 Ellis",
  title =        "Radiations from radioactive substances",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 588",
  year =         "1951",
  LCCN =         "QC721 .R94 1951",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 16:48:55 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1871--1937",
  remark =       "The authors discuss Gamow's liquid-drop model of
                 nuclear structure at length; see
                 \cite{Gamow:1929:DSA,Gamow:1930:MDC}.",
  subject =      "Radioactivity",
}

@Article{Glass:1952:RBT,
  author =       "Bentley Glass",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{One Two Three\ldots{}Infinity.
                 Facts and Speculations of Science}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-Q-REV-BIOL,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "135--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "QRBIAK",
  ISSN =         "0033-5770 (print), 1539-7718 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0033-5770",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2812841.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Quarterly review of biology",
}

@Article{Salpeter:1952:NRS,
  author =       "Edwin E. Salpeter",
  title =        "Nuclear Reactions in Stars without Hydrogen",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "115",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "326--328",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 20 08:42:44 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in the centennial edition Ap. J. 525C, 450
                 (1999) with a modern commentary by Andr{\'e} Maeder;
                 also excerpted, with commentary, in Lang, Kenneth R. \&
                 Owen Gingerich, eds., A Source Book in Astronomy \&
                 Astrophysics, 1900--1975 (Harvard Univ. Press,
                 Cambridge, MA, 1979), 349--352.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952ApJ...115..326S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
  remark =       "This paper showed that the unstable $^8$Be isotope can
                 be present in the cores of red giant stars in
                 sufficient quantities to react with $^4$He to produce
                 $^{12}$C, breaking that barrier that had prevented
                 Alpher, Bethe, and Gamow
                 \cite{Bethe:1939:EPSa,Alpher:1948:OCE} from finding
                 paths for the production of elements heavier than
                 helium in stars.",
}

@Article{Alpher:1953:PCI,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and James W. {Follin, Jr.} and Robert
                 C. Herman",
  title =        "Physical Conditions in the Initial Stages of the
                 Expanding Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV,
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1347--1361",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "PHRVAO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.92.1347",
  ISSN =         "0031-899X (print), 1536-6065 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-899X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 11 09:36:11 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.92.1347",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://prola.aps.org/browse/PR",
}

@Article{Barr:1953:BRG,
  author =       "E. Scott Barr",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow, \booktitle{Mr. Tompkins
                 Learns the Facts of Life}}",
  journal =      j-AMER-J-PHYSICS,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "649--650",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "AJPIAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1933589",
  ISSN =         "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9505",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v21/i8/p649_s1",
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp",
}

@Article{R:1953:RBT,
  author =       "A. R.",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins Learns the Facts of
                 Life}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      "Bios",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "157--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4605559.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shapley:1953:RTM,
  author =       "Harlow Shapley",
  title =        "Review: Touring the Moon: {{\booktitle{The Moon}} by
                 George Gamow}, {{\booktitle{A Guide to the Moon}} by
                 Patrick Moore}",
  journal =      j-SCI-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "166--166",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "SCMOAA",
  ISSN =         "0096-3771 (print), 2327-7513 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953SciMo..77..166G;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/20903.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Scientific Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/sciemont",
}

@Article{VanAmringe:1953:RBM,
  author =       "Edwin V. {Van Amringe}",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{The Moon}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      "The Clearing House",
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "185--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1953",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0009-8655 (print), 1939-912X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/30176228.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1954:AYW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "After {Ylem}, What?",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--9",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3061578",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 11 09:38:03 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Alpher:1953:PCI,Gamow:1952:CU}.",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/PHTOAD/v7/i3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
  keyword =      "George Gamow; Ralph Alpher; Robert Herman;
                 nonequilibrium neutron-capture",
}

@Article{Atwood:1954:RBT,
  author =       "K. C. Atwood",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins Learns the Facts of
                 Life}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-Q-REV-BIOL,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "343--344",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "QRBIAK",
  ISSN =         "0033-5770 (print), 1539-7718 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0033-5770",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2815365.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Quarterly review of biology",
}

@Article{Hoyle:1954:NRO,
  author =       "Fred Hoyle",
  title =        "On Nuclear Reactions Occurring in Very Hot Stars. {I}.
                 {The} Synthesis of Elements from Carbon to Nickel",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J-SUPPL-SER,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "121--146",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "APJSA2",
  ISSN =         "0067-0049 (print), 1538-4365 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0067-0049",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 04 06:42:02 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in the centennial edition Astrophysical
                 Journal {\bf 525}, 571 (1999) with a modern commentary
                 by David Arnett.",
  URL =          "http://labs.adsabs.harvard.edu/ui/abs/1954ApJS....1..121H",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series",
  remark =       "See earlier work
                 \cite{Bethe:1939:EPSa,Hoyle:1946:SEH}. I cannot find
                 the 1999 reprint in the publisher's online archives, or
                 in the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System database, or
                 anywhere else in extensive Web and library catalog
                 searches.",
}

@Article{Johnson:1954:BRB,
  author =       "M. J. Johnson",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Mr Tompkins Learns the Facts
                 of Life}}, George Gamow. New York: Cambridge Univ.
                 Press, 1953. 88 pp. Illus. \$2.75}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "119",
  number =       "3080",
  pages =        "76--76",
  day =          "8",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.119.3080.76-a",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:47:29 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/119/3080/76.2.citation",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Johnson:1954:RBT,
  author =       "M. J. Johnson",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Mr Tompkins Learns the Facts of
                 Life}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "119",
  number =       "3080",
  pages =        "76--??",
  day =          "8",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1682717.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Nugent:1954:RSU,
  author =       "Mark Nugent",
  title =        "Review: Science under the Soft Cover {{\booktitle{The
                 Life of the Spider}} by John Crompton};
                 {{\booktitle{The Meaning of Evolution}} by George
                 Gaylord Simpson}; {{\booktitle{Psychopathology of
                 Everyday Life}} by Sigmund Freud}; {{\booktitle{One Two
                 Three\ldots{}Infinity}} by George Gamow};
                 {{\booktitle{Science and the Modern World}} by A. N.
                 Whitehead}",
  journal =      j-CHIC-REV,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "108--112",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0009-3696 (print), 2327-5804 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/25293093.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Chicago Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/chicagorev",
}

@Article{Skewes:1954:RBH,
  author =       "George J. Skewes",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Man and His World Series: Your
                 Blood and You}} by Nathan S. Washton, Sarah R.
                 Riedman}; {{\booktitle{Man and His World Series: The
                 Way of Science: Its Growth and Method}} by Nathan S.
                 Washton, John Somerville}; {{\booktitle{Man and His
                 World Series: The Moon}} by Nathan S. Washton, George
                 Gamow}; {{\booktitle{Man and His World Series: Life on
                 the Earth}} by Nathan S. Washton, Rose Wyler, Gerald
                 Ames}",
  journal =      j-SCH-REV,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "58--60",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1954",
  CODEN =        "SCLRAE",
  ISSN =         "0036-6773 (print), 1940-1213 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-6773",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1082161.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The School Review (Ithaca, NY)",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1955:GGB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Gamow, George. \booktitle{The moon}. New York (20 E.
                 70th Street) : Henry Schuman, Inc. 1954. 118 P.
                 \$2.50}",
  journal =      j-SCI-EDUC,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "252--252",
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "SEDUAV",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.37303903102",
  ISSN =         "0036-8326 (print), 1098-237X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8326",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955SciEd..39Q.252.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science Education",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1098-237X",
}

@Article{Dethier:1955:RBP,
  author =       "V. G. Dethier",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Science in Progress}}, by George
                 Gamow, Walter Orr Roberts, Joseph Kaplan, F. M.
                 Carpenter, D. M. S. Watson, Donald R. Griffin, Paul R.
                 Burkholder, E. Newton Harvey, Charles H. Townes, George
                 Scatchard, George A. Baitsell}",
  journal =      j-Q-REV-BIOL,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "429--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1955",
  CODEN =        "QRBIAK",
  ISSN =         "0033-5770 (print), 1539-7718 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0033-5770",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2814309.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Quarterly review of biology",
}

@Misc{Gamow:1955:GGP,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  title =        "{George Gamow} papers, [ca. 1935--ca. 1955]",
  howpublished = "George Washington University library archives",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  year =         "1955",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 09:22:51 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Includes manuscripts, typescripts, and proofs for
                 \booktitle {Creation of the universe}, \booktitle{The
                 Moon}, \booktitle{Origin and evolution of the
                 universe}, and articles and correspondence.",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1956:KPP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The {Kalinga Prize: Prof. George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "178",
  number =       "4538",
  pages =        "836--836",
  day =          "20",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/178836a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:37:09 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v178/n4538/pdf/178836a0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Brenner:1957:IAO,
  author =       "S. Brenner",
  title =        "The Impossibility of All Overlapping Triplet Codes in
                 Information Transfer from Nucleic Acid to Proteins",
  journal =      j-PROC-NATL-ACAD-SCI-USA,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "687--694",
  day =          "15",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "PNASA6",
  ISSN =         "0027-8424 (print), 1091-6490 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0027-8424",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 01 06:21:38 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/89586",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                 United States of America",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.pnas.org/search",
  remark =       "This work extends that of
                 \cite{Gamow:1955:SCP,Gamow:1956:ESC}.",
}

@Article{Burbidge:1957:SES,
  author =       "E. Margaret Burbidge and G. R. Burbidge and William A.
                 Fowler and F. Hoyle",
  title =        "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars",
  journal =      j-REV-MOD-PHYS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "547--650",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "RMPHAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547",
  ISSN =         "0034-6861 (print), 1538-4527 (electronic), 1539-0756",
  ISSN-L =       "0034-6861",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 22 16:36:45 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://rmp.aps.org/toc/RMP/v29/i4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revmodphys1950.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547;
                 http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v29/i4/p547_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Reviews of Modern Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://rmp.aps.org/browse",
}

@Article{Binnie:1958:RBE,
  author =       "W. P. Binnie",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Matter, Earth, and Sky}} by
                 George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "128",
  number =       "3324",
  pages =        "587--588",
  day =          "12",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1754727.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Polya:1958:RBM,
  author =       "G. Polya",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Puzzle-Math}} by George Gamow,
                 Marvin Stern}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "128",
  number =       "3317",
  pages =        "195--??",
  day =          "25",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1754692.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Field:1959:RBE,
  author =       "George B. Field",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Matter, Earth and Sky}} by George
                 Gamow}",
  journal =      j-AM-SCI,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "294A",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "AMSCAC",
  ISSN =         "0003-0996 (print), 1545-2786 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-0996",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27827408",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/past.aspx",
}

@Article{Unsold:1960:BGA,
  author =       "A. Uns{\"o}ld",
  title =        "{Buchbesprechung: George Gamow, \booktitle{Die Geburt
                 des Alls} ({\"U}bersetz von W. Petri). H. Reich Verlag,
                 M{\"u}nchen, 158 s. Geb. DM 9.80}. ({German}) [{Book}
                 Review: {George Gamow}, {{\booktitle{The Birth of
                 Everything}} [The Creation of the Universe]}]",
  journal =      j-Z-ASTROPHYSIK,
  volume =       "49",
  pages =        "229--229",
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "ZEASAJ",
  ISSN =         "0372-8331",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960ZA.....49..229G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{"u}r Astrophysik}",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Dixey:1961:RBE,
  author =       "F. Dixey",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Biography of the Earth: Its Past,
                 Present and Future}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-GEOGR-J,
  volume =       "127",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "112--113",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "GGJOAR",
  ISSN =         "0016-7398 (print), 1475-4959 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0016-7398",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1793234.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Geographical Journal",
}

@Article{Freeman:1961:BRG,
  author =       "Ira M. Freeman",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow and John M. Cleveland,
                 \booktitle{Physics: Foundations and Frontiers}}",
  journal =      j-AMER-J-PHYSICS,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--60",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "AJPIAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1937675",
  ISSN =         "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9505",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v29/i1/p60_s1",
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp",
}

@Article{Meggers:1961:BRG,
  author =       "William F. Meggers",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow, \booktitle{The Atom and
                 Its Nucleus}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "62--64",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3057163",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v14/i10/p62_s2",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Smith:1961:BRB,
  author =       "Malcolm K. Smith",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Atom and Its Nucleus}}.
                 George Gamow. Prentice-Hall, New York, 1961, 153 pp.
                 \$1.95}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "134",
  number =       "3474",
  pages =        "276--276",
  day =          "28",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.134.3474.276",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:43:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/134/3474/276.1.citation?sid=199506b7-d99f-4510-8682-299948178e02",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Smith:1961:RMP,
  author =       "Malcolm K. Smith",
  title =        "Review: Modern Physics for Laymen: {{\booktitle{The
                 Atom and Its Nucleus}} by George Gamow};
                 {{\booktitle{Atomic Physics Today}} by Otto R.
                 Frisch}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "134",
  number =       "3474",
  pages =        "276--276",
  day =          "28",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/1708183",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1708183.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Feather:1962:BRG,
  author =       "Norman Feather",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow and John M. Cleveland,
                 \booktitle{Physics: Foundations and Frontiers}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "58--58",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3058279",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v15/i7/p58_s1",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{K:1962:RBE,
  author =       "P. K.",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Biography of the Earth}} by
                 George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-AM-BIOL-TEACH,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--55",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/4439798",
  ISSN =         "0002-7685 (print), 0002-8444 (electronic), 1938-4211,
                 1938-422X",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-7685",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4439798.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The American Biology Teacher",
  journal-URL =  "http://abt.ucpress.edu/content/by/year",
}

@Article{Laster:1962:BRG,
  author =       "Howard Laster",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow, \booktitle{Gravity}}",
  journal =      j-AMER-J-PHYSICS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "777--777",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "AJPIAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1941794",
  ISSN =         "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9505",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v30/i10/p777_s1",
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp",
}

@Article{Meggers:1962:BRG,
  author =       "William F. Meggers",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow, \booktitle{Biography of
                 Physics}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "78--78",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3058086",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v15/i3/p78_s1",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Rogers:1962:RRS,
  author =       "Eric M. Rogers",
  title =        "Review: Responsibility and Science Writing:
                 {{\booktitle{Spacecraft}} by James L. Haggerty, Jr.};
                 {{\booktitle{Gravity}} by George Gamow};
                 {{\booktitle{Artificial Satellites}} by Michael W.
                 Ovenden}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "136",
  number =       "3515",
  pages =        "499--501",
  day =          "11",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1708868.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{VanName:1962:BRG,
  author =       "F. W. {Van Name, Jr.}",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow, \booktitle{Biography of
                 Physics}}",
  journal =      j-AMER-J-PHYSICS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "147--148",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "AJPIAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1941943",
  ISSN =         "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9505",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v30/i2/p147_s2",
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp",
}

@Article{Heniser:1963:RBG,
  author =       "Virgil Heniser",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Gravity}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-AM-BIOL-TEACH,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "215--215",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1963",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/4440299",
  ISSN =         "0002-7685 (print), 0002-8444 (electronic), 1938-4211,
                 1938-422X",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-7685",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4440302.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The American Biology Teacher",
  journal-URL =  "http://abt.ucpress.edu/content/by/year",
}

@Article{Graetzer:1964:DNF,
  author =       "Hans G. Graetzer",
  title =        "Discovery of Nuclear Fission",
  journal =      j-AMER-J-PHYSICS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "9--15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "AJPIAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1970127",
  ISSN =         "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9505",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 28 15:58:04 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB,Beyer:1949:FNP}.",
  abstract =     "A complete translation of the original German article
                 by Hahn and Strassmann on the radio-chemical evidence
                 for fission of uranium has been made. This famous
                 article was first published in January 1939, so that
                 the year 1964 marks its 25th anniversary.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp",
}

@Article{Sitterly:1964:BRB,
  author =       "Bancroft W. Sitterly",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{A Star Called the Sun}}.
                 George Gamow. Viking, New York, 1964. xiv + 208 pp.
                 Illus. \$5.75}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "145",
  number =       "3631",
  pages =        "476--477",
  day =          "31",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3631.476-b",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:45:37 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/145/3631/476.3.extract",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Sitterly:1964:RSL,
  author =       "Bancroft W. Sitterly",
  title =        "Review: Science for the Layman: {{\booktitle{A Star
                 Called the Sun}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "145",
  number =       "3631",
  pages =        "476--477",
  day =          "31",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1714573.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Sitterly:1964:SLB,
  author =       "B. W. Sitterly",
  title =        "Science for the Layman. (Book Reviews: {{\booktitle{A
                 Star Called the Sun}}})",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "145",
  pages =        "476--477",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3631.476-b",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 21:18:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964Sci...145..476S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Danos:1965:BRG,
  author =       "Michael Danos",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow, \booktitle{Matter, Earth,
                 and Sky}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "63--65",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3046996",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v18/i11/p63_s3",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Dwight:1966:BRG,
  author =       "C. Harrison Dwight",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow, \booktitle{Matter, Earth,
                 and Sky}}",
  journal =      j-AMER-J-PHYSICS,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "447--448",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "AJPIAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1973023",
  ISSN =         "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9505",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v34/i5/p447_s2",
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp",
}

@Article{Herzfeld:1966:RQT,
  author =       "Karl F. Herzfeld",
  title =        "Review: Quantum Theory, 1900 to 1930:
                 {{\booktitle{Thirty Years That Shook Physics}} by
                 George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "152",
  number =       "3724",
  pages =        "917--918",
  day =          "13",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1718546.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Iggers:1966:RBO,
  author =       "George G. Iggers",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{he Origins of Modern
                 Consciousness}} by John Higham, Albert William Levi,
                 Eugen Weber, Roger Shattuck, Benjamin Nelson, Gerhard
                 Masur, George Gamow, John Weiss}",
  journal =      j-J-MOD-HIST,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "105--106",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1966",
  ISSN =         "0022-2801 (print), 1537-5358 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0022-2801",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1877038.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Journal of Modern History",
}

@Article{Klein:1966:RBY,
  author =       "Martin J. Klein",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Thirty Years That Shook Physics}}
                 by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-AM-SCI,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "308A",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "AMSCAC",
  ISSN =         "0003-0996 (print), 1545-2786 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-0996",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27836485",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/past.aspx",
}

@Article{Matthews:1966:RBT,
  author =       "Geoffrey Matthews",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins in Paperback}} by
                 George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-MATH-GAZ,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "374",
  pages =        "405--406",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "MAGAAS",
  ISSN =         "0025-5572 (print), 2056-6328 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3613951.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematical Gazette",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.m-a.org.uk/jsp/index.jsp?lnk=620",
}

@Article{Plavec:1966:RBE,
  author =       "M. Plavec and J. Grygar",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Matter, Earth, and Sky}} by
                 George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-PUBL-ASTRON-SOC-PAC,
  volume =       "78",
  number =       "462",
  pages =        "266--267",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "PASPAU",
  ISSN =         "0004-6280 (print), 1538-3873 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-6280",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/40674357.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Publications of the {Astronomical Society of the
                 Pacific}",
}

@Article{Azimov:1967:BGG,
  author =       "Isaac Azimov",
  title =        "Books: {George Gamow, \booktitle{Thirty Years That
                 Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TEACHER,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "350--351",
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "PHTEAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2351221",
  ISSN =         "0031-921X (print), 1943-4928 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-921X",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aip.org/link/?PTE/5/350/1",
  fjournal =     "The Physics Teacher",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/tpt",
}

@Article{Kuhn:1967:RTR,
  author =       "Thomas S. Kuhn",
  title =        "Review: The Turn to Recent Science: {{\booktitle{The
                 Questioners: Physicists and the Quantum Theory}} by
                 Barbara Lovett Cline} {{\booktitle{Thirty Years That
                 Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory}} by George
                 Gamow}; {{\booktitle{The Conceptual Development of
                 Quantum Mechanics}} by Max Jammer};
                 {{\booktitle{Korrespondenz, Individualitat, und
                 Komplementaritat: Eine Studie zur Geistesgeschichte der
                 Quantentheorie in den Beitragen Niels Bohrs}} by Klaus
                 Michael Meyer-Abich}; {{\booktitle{Niels Bohr: The Man,
                 His Science, and the World They Changed}} by Ruth
                 Moore}; {{\booktitle{Sources of Quantum Mechanics}} by
                 B. L. Van der Waerden}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "409--419",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i211148;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1960.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/228002;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/228002.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Book{Woese:1967:GCM,
  author =       "Carl R. Woese",
  title =        "The genetic code: the molecular basis for genetic
                 expression",
  publisher =    pub-HARPER-ROW,
  address =      pub-HARPER-ROW:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 200",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 01 09:44:27 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Modern perspectives in biology",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1968:OPG,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Obituary: {Professor George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "220",
  number =       "5168",
  pages =        "723--723",
  day =          "16",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/220723a0",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:36:01 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v220/n5168/pdf/220723a0.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Berger:1968:BYP,
  author =       "Carl F. Berger",
  title =        "Books for young people: {George Gamow, \booktitle{Mr.
                 Tompkins Returns} and \booktitle{Mr. Tompkins in
                 Paperback}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TEACHER,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "473--474",
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "PHTEAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2351349",
  ISSN =         "0031-921X (print), 1943-4928 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-921X",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aip.org/link/?PTE/6/473/1",
  fjournal =     "The Physics Teacher",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/tpt",
}

@Book{Clayton:1968:PSE,
  author =       "Donald D. Clayton",
  title =        "Principles of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 612",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "QB464 .C55",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 20 09:05:48 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Penzias:1979:OE} as a good source for a
                 description of the formation of elements in stars.
                 Reprinted in \cite{Clayton:1983:PSE}",
  subject =      "Nucleosynthesis; Stars; Evolution",
}

@Misc{Weiner:1968:IGG,
  author =       "Charles Weiner",
  title =        "Interview with {George Gamow} at {Professor Gamow}'s
                 home in {Boulder, Colorado April 25, 1968}",
  howpublished = "Niels Bohr Library \& Archives, American Institute of
                 Physics, College Park, MD, USA.",
  pages =        "102",
  day =          "25",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 14:41:32 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4325.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This was the last interview that Gamow gave before his
                 death in Boulder on 19 August 1968.",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1969:GGD,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{G. Gamow, died 1968 Aug. 19}",
  journal =      "R{\'\i}se Hvezd",
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "18--??",
  year =         "1969",
  ISSN =         "0035-5550",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Rise...50...18.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Opik:1969:GGD,
  author =       "E. {\"O}pik",
  title =        "{G. Gamow, died 1968 August 19}",
  journal =      j-IRISH-ASTRON-J,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "170--??",
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "IRAJAW",
  ISSN =         "0021-1052",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969IrAJ....9R.170O",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Irish Astronomical Journal",
}

@Article{Schatzman:1969:GG,
  author =       "E. Schatzman",
  title =        "{G. Gamov}, 1904--1968",
  journal =      j-ACTA-ASTRONAUT,
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "690--??",
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "AASTCF",
  ISSN =         "0094-5765 (print), 1879-2030 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0094-5765",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969AcAau..14..690S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Acta Astronautica",
}

@Article{Susman:1969:RBT,
  author =       "Millard Susman",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins Inside Himself.
                 Adventures in the New Biology}}. by George Gamow,
                 Martynas Y{\v{c}}as}",
  journal =      j-Q-REV-BIOL,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "QRBIAK",
  ISSN =         "0033-5770 (print), 1539-7718 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0033-5770",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2818613.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Quarterly review of biology",
}

@Article{Alpher:1971:BRG,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert Herman",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow, \booktitle{My World Line:
                 An Informal Autobiography}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "51--52",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3022626",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 09:07:56 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v24/i3/p51_s1",
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Badash:1971:IBE,
  author =       "Lawrence Badash",
  title =        "The Importance of Being {Ernest Rutherford}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "173",
  number =       "4000",
  pages =        "873--873",
  day =          "3",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.173.4000.873",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 28 07:06:56 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971Sci...173..873B;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1731789",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
  remark =       "From the text: ``Theoreticians who worked closely with
                 his laboratory, with varying degrees of personal
                 influence from Rutherford, included Soddy, Kasimir
                 Fajans, Niels Bohr, C. G. Darwin, Ralph Fowler, Neville
                 Mott, and George Gamow. Indeed, Rutherford was as great
                 a research director as a discoverer, and Otto Hahn,
                 George Hevesy, Hans Geiger, H. G. J. Moseley, James
                 Chadwick, P. M. S. Blackett, Peter Kapitza, John
                 Cockcroft, and E. T. S. Walton are only the most
                 eminent of his distinguished pupil-colleagues.''",
  xxnote =       "Not found in publisher archive, and link to table of
                 contents for this issue just resolves to top-level
                 site. DOI does not resolve either. Copy found in JSTOR
                 archive, however.",
}

@Book{Peebles:1971:PC,
  author =       "P. J. E. (Phillip James Edwin) Peebles",
  title =        "Physical Cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 282",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-691-08108-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-08108-3",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .P42",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 07:33:36 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Princeton series in physics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "cosmology",
}

@Article{Richtmyer:1971:RRB,
  author =       "R. D. Richtmyer",
  title =        "Review: Reminiscences: {{\booktitle{My World Line. An
                 Informal Autobiography}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "171",
  number =       "3975",
  pages =        "997--998",
  day =          "12",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1731302.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@Article{Stuewer:1971:BRBb,
  author =       "Roger H. Stuewer",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{My World Line: An Informal
                 Autobiography}} by George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "266--267",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 30 21:28:48 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=isis;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i302293;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis1970.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/229269;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/229269.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/isis/about.html",
}

@Article{Wilson:1971:BRS,
  author =       "Jane Wilson",
  title =        "Book Reviews: Several Lives and More: {{\booktitle{My
                 World Line}, by George Gamow, The Viking Press, New
                 York, 1970, 178 pages}; \booktitle{Enrico Fermi:
                 Physicist}, by Emilio Segr{\`e}, The University of
                 Chicago Press, Chicago, 1970, 276 pages; \booktitle{My
                 Several Lives, Memoirs of a Social Inventor}, by James
                 B. Conant, Harper \& Row, New York, 1970, 701 pages}",
  journal =      j-BULL-AT-SCI,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "47--48",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "BASIAP",
  ISSN =         "0096-3402 (print), 1938-3282 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-3402",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 21 11:15:13 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists",
  journal-URL =  "http://bos.sagepub.com/",
}

@InProceedings{Alpher:1972:MG,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert Herman",
  title =        "Memories of {Gamow}",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "304--313",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..304A",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Alpher:1972:RBB,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert Herman",
  title =        "Reflections on ``big bang'' cosmology",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "1--14",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf....1A",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Cowan:1972:NPP,
  author =       "Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines",
  title =        "Neutrino physics --- prospects",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "150--168",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..150C",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Critchfield:1972:AFT,
  author =       "Charles L. Critchfield",
  title =        "Analytic forms of the thermonuclear function",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "186--191",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..186C",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Delbruck:1972:W,
  author =       "Max Delbr{\"u}ck",
  title =        "Out of this world",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "280--288",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 19:18:07 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "The title refers directly to Gamow.",
}

@InProceedings{Dirac:1972:VGC,
  author =       "Paul A. M. Dirac",
  title =        "The variability of the gravitational constant",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "56--59",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf...56D",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Fowler:1972:NOO,
  author =       "William A. Fowler",
  title =        "New observations and old nucleocosmochronologies",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "67--123",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf...67F",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Hoyle:1972:CIP,
  author =       "Fred Hoyle and J. V. Narlikar",
  title =        "Conformal invariance in physics and cosmology",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "15--28",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf...15H",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kavanagh:1972:RRP,
  author =       "Ralph W. Kavanagh",
  title =        "Reaction rates in the proton-proton chain",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "169--185",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..169K",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Longmire:1972:HCP,
  author =       "Conrad L. Longmire",
  title =        "Heating of charged particles by electric waves",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "232--240",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Penzias:1972:CMA,
  author =       "Arno A. Penzias",
  title =        "Cosmology and microwave astronomy",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "29--47",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf...29P",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Polikarov:1972:LCG,
  author =       "A. Polikarov",
  title =        "{L}'hypoth{\`e}se cosmologique de {Gamov} est-elle
                 confirm{\'e}e?. ({French}) [{Is} {Gamow}'s cosmological
                 hypothesis confirmed?]",
  journal =      j-IZV-SEKTS-ASTRON-BULG-AKAD-NAUK,
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "89--95",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IBASBG",
  ISSN =         "0525-0897",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972IzSAB...5...89P",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Izvestiya na Sektsiyata po Astronomiya, Bulgarska
                 Akademiya na Naukite",
  language =     "French",
}

@InProceedings{Rosenfeld:1972:NR,
  author =       "L{\'e}on Rosenfeld",
  title =        "Nuclear Reminiscences",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "289--299",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..289R",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "On pages 296--298, the author describes his trip
                 across the Atlantic with Niels Bohr in January 1939,
                 and how on the crossing, they discussed Hahn and
                 Strassmann's November 1938 experimental work on the
                 splitting of the atom, and Meitner and Frisch's
                 theoretical explanation from December 1938. The work of
                 the latter was described in papers submitted to Nature,
                 and Bohr had intended his knowledge of their contents
                 to be held confidential until their publication.
                 However, that was not clear to Rosenfeld, who discussed
                 the work with John Wheeler and colleagues at Princeton.
                 Within days, the news spread to other physicists in the
                 USA, several of whom were able to reproduce the Hahn
                 and Strassmann work, and the nuclear arms race was
                 begun.",
}

@InProceedings{Shapiro:1972:DCR,
  author =       "Maurice M. Shapiro and Rhein Silberberg and
                 Chen-Hsiang Tsao",
  title =        "Diffusion of cosmic rays and their source
                 composition",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "124--149",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..124S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Shapiro:1972:GGA,
  author =       "Maurice M. Shapiro",
  title =        "{George Gamow} --- An Appreciation",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "300--303",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..300S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Teller:1972:CC,
  author =       "Edwin Teller",
  title =        "Are the constants constant?",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "60--66",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Tuck:1972:WER,
  author =       "James L. Tuck",
  title =        "World energy reserves and some speculations on the
                 future of nuclear fusion energy",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "192--231",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..192T",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ulam:1972:GM,
  author =       "S. M. Ulam",
  title =        "{Gamow} --- and Mathematics",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "272--279",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 07 17:42:39 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..272U",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Wataghin:1972:MEU,
  author =       "Gleb Wataghin",
  title =        "On a model of the expanding universe",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "48--55",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf...48W",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Weinberg:1972:GCP,
  author =       "Steven Weinberg",
  title =        "Gravitation and cosmology: principles and applications
                 of the {General Theory of Relativity}",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xxviii + 657",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-471-92567-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-92567-5",
  LCCN =         "QC6 .W47",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 9 06:41:47 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/onix04/78037175.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "General Relativity (physics); gravitation; cosmology",
}

@Article{Weiner:1972:MNP,
  author =       "Charles Weiner",
  title =        "1932 --- Moving into the new physics",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "40--49",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3070853",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 22 07:32:37 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite{Weiner:1985:MNP}.",
  URL =          "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/25/5/10.1063/1.3070853",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
  remark-1 =     "From the article: ``The conference was truly
                 international: The 22 foreign physicists were from 17
                 institutions in nine countries. Among the participants
                 were C. G. Darwin, Max Delbr{\"u}ck. Paul Ehrenfest, P.
                 A. M. Dirac, R. H. Fowler, Werner Heisenberg, Walter
                 Heitler, H. A. Kramers and Lise Meitner.''",
  remark-2 =     "Page 41 reproduces a photography of Cockroft and
                 Gamow, and letter from Gamow to Cockroft.",
  remark-3 =     "Lise Meitner appears in the photograph spanning pages
                 42--43.",
  remark-4 =     "From page 47: ``There was one rather amusing incident
                 that occurred here. Prof. Born had prepared a rather
                 involved paper on the quantum theory of the nucleus.
                 (An extension of Dirac's theory of the electron.) He
                 wrote the paper longhand labelling it `For the
                 Conference on Nuclear Physics.' He made his `n''s and
                 `u''s much alike so that his stenographer in copying it
                 wrote `For the Conference on Unclear Physics'.''",
  subject-dates = "Lise Meitner (7 November 1878--27 October 1968)",
}

@InProceedings{Yourgrau:1972:EPN,
  author =       "Wolfgang Yourgrau and Alwyn van der Merwe",
  title =        "Entropy (positive and negative), information and
                 statistical thermodynamics",
  crossref =     "Reines:1972:CFOa",
  pages =        "241--271",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf..241Y",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Alpher:1973:ABG,
  author =       "R. A. Alpher and R. Herman",
  title =        "{Alpher}, {Bethe} and {Gamow}",
  crossref =     "Weber:1973:RWS",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 03 18:43:14 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Alpher:1973:LNC,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher",
  title =        "Large Numbers, Cosmology and {Gamow}: Are the
                 fundamental constants of nature truly constant, or do
                 they vary with time? {An} account of {George Gamow}'s
                 last scientific enquiry",
  journal =      j-AM-SCI,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "52--58",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "AMSCAC",
  ISSN =         "0003-0996 (print), 1545-2786 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-0996",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973AmSci..61...52A;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/27843563",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/past.aspx",
}

@Book{Zeldovich:1973:SEV,
  author =       "Ya. B. Zel'dovich and I. D. Novikov",
  title =        "Stroenie i Evolyutsiya Vselennoi ({Russian})
                 [{Structure} and Evolution of the Universe]",
  publisher =    "Nauka",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1973",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 01 09:03:04 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  price =        "US\$",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Book{Weinberg:1977:FTM,
  author =       "Steven Weinberg",
  title =        "The First Three Minutes: a Modern View of the Origin
                 of the {Universe}",
  publisher =    pub-BASIC-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr,
  pages =        "x + 188 + 5",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-465-02435-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-465-02435-3",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .W48",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 18:36:37 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "cosmology",
}

@Article{Penzias:1979:OE,
  author =       "Arno A. Penzias",
  title =        "The origin of the elements",
  journal =      j-REV-MOD-PHYS,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "425--431",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "RMPHAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.425",
  ISSN =         "0034-6861 (print), 1538-4527 (electronic), 1539-0756",
  ISSN-L =       "0034-6861",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 22 16:37:09 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://rmp.aps.org/toc/RMP/v51/i3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revmodphys1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.425;
                 http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v51/i3/p425_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Reviews of Modern Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://rmp.aps.org/browse",
  remark =       "From the middle of page 429, column 1, ``Although
                 wrong in almost every detail, Gamow's new insight
                 pointed the way for others to follow.'' Penzias then
                 discusses how a correct understanding of the nuclear
                 fusion processes in stars was further developed. On
                 page 429, column 2, Penzias says of Gamow: ``he was
                 able to obtain a relation for the mass of galaxies
                 containing only fundamental constants and the single
                 assumption that half the initial neutrons collided to
                 form deuterons. This was quite a trick, even for him!
                 ... they [Alpher and Gamow] concluded that the present
                 energy density of the relict radiation should
                 correspond to a temperature of a few degrees Kelvin.''.
                 That relict is the constant background radiation, the
                 discovery and measurement of which garnered Arno
                 Penzias and Robert Wilson the 1978 Nobel Prize in
                 Physics.",
}

@Article{Wilson:1979:CMB,
  author =       "R. W. Wilson",
  title =        "The cosmic microwave background radiation",
  journal =      j-REV-MOD-PHYS,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "433--445",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "RMPHAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.433",
  ISSN =         "0034-6861 (print), 1538-4527 (electronic), 1539-0756",
  ISSN-L =       "0034-6861",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 22 16:37:09 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://rmp.aps.org/toc/RMP/v51/i3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revmodphys1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.433;
                 http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v51/i3/p433_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Reviews of Modern Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://rmp.aps.org/browse",
}

@Book{Clayton:1983:PSE,
  author =       "Donald D. Clayton",
  title =        "Principles of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis:
                 with a new preface",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 612",
  year =         "1983",
  ISBN =         "0-226-10953-4 (paperback), 0-226-10952-6 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-10953-4 (paperback), 978-0-226-10952-7
                 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QB806 .C55 1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 20 09:05:48 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0608/83005106-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0608/83005106-t.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0609/83005106-b.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprint of \cite{Clayton:1968:PSE}. The original is
                 cited in \cite{Penzias:1979:OE} as a good source for a
                 description of the formation of elements in stars.",
  subject =      "Stars; Evolution; Nucleosynthesis",
}

@Article{Binnig:1985:STM,
  author =       "Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer",
  title =        "The Scanning Tunneling Microscope",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "253",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "50--56",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0885-50",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 14 06:58:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v253/n2/pdf/scientificamerican0885-50.pdf;
                 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  remark =       "The authors shared half the 1986 Nobel Prize in
                 Physics ``for their design of the scanning tunneling
                 microscope'' with the other half to Ernst Ruska ``for
                 his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the
                 design of the first electron microscope''.",
}

@InCollection{Weiner:1985:MNP,
  author =       "Charles Weiner",
  title =        "1932 --- Moving into the new physics",
  crossref =     "Weart:1985:HP",
  pages =        "332--339",
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 22 05:48:05 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Weiner:1972:MNP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Ernest Lawrence; Ernest Rutherford; Ernest T. S.
                 Walton; George Gamow; James Chadwick; John Cockcroft",
}

@InCollection{Bekenstein:1986:FSC,
  author =       "Jacob D. Bekenstein",
  title =        "The Fine-Structure Constant: From {Eddington}'s Time
                 to Our Own",
  crossref =     "Ullmann-Margalit:1986:PSI",
  pages =        "209--224",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 04 06:03:27 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4566-1",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-94-009-4566-1",
  remark =       "This essay discusses the roles of Sir Arthur Stanley
                 Eddington, George Gamow, Paul Dirac, and Freeman Dyson
                 in the study of the possible time dependence of
                 physical constants.",
}

@InCollection{Lipkin:1986:GTA,
  author =       "Harry J. Lipkin",
  title =        "On {Gamow}'s Theory of Alpha-Decay: A Comment",
  crossref =     "Ullmann-Margalit:1986:KSI",
  chapter =      "15",
  volume =       "94",
  pages =        "187--192",
  year =         "1986",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5496-0_15",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 12 15:28:34 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bsphs.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Stuewer:1986:GTA}.",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-5496-0_15",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Stuewer:1986:GTA,
  author =       "Roger H. Stuewer",
  title =        "{Gamow}'s Theory of Alpha-Decay",
  crossref =     "Ullmann-Margalit:1986:KSI",
  chapter =      "14",
  volume =       "94",
  pages =        "147--186",
  year =         "1986",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5496-0_14",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 12 15:28:34 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bsphs.bib",
  note =         "See comment \cite{Lipkin:1986:GTA}.",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-5496-0_14",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Ulam:1986:GMP,
  author =       "Stanis{\l}aw M. Ulam and Mark C. Reynolds and
                 Gian-Carlo Rota",
  title =        "{Gamow} and Mathematics: Personal Reminiscences",
  crossref =     "Ulam:1986:SCP",
  pages =        "231--240",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 30 06:18:44 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/u/ulam-stanislaw-m.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dyson:1987:BRB,
  author =       "J. Dyson",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Gamow cosmology}} / North
                 Holland Press, 1986}",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYS-SPACE-SCI,
  volume =       "138",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "227--227",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "APSSBE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00642882",
  ISSN =         "0004-640X (print), 1572-946X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-640X",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987Ap%26SS.138..227D",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astrophysics and space science",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10509",
}

@InCollection{Bloom:1988:PGT,
  author =       "Stewart D. Bloom",
  title =        "On the Prevalence of the {Gamow--Teller} Transition",
  crossref =     "Mark:1988:EPW",
  pages =        "15--37",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 11 08:28:01 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Alpher:1990:EWB,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert Herman",
  title =        "Early work on `big-bang' cosmology and the cosmic
                 blackbody radiation",
  crossref =     "Bertotti:1990:MCR",
  pages =        "129--158",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 01 08:50:22 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Chernin \cite[page 815]{Chernin:1994:HGC} quotes text
                 about Gamow in this paper: ```\ldots{} in a Danish
                 journal he estimated a 7 K background temperature by
                 means of a strange linear extrapolation of matter and
                 radiation densities \ldots{}' and later they say:
                 `Again three years later he persisted with yet another
                 arcane calculation, obtained 6 K.'''",
}

@TechReport{Gorelik:1990:PFG,
  author =       "G. E. Gorelik",
  title =        "Predystoriya {FIANa}. {G. A. Gamow}. ({Russian})
                 [{The} Pre-history of the {Physical Institute of the
                 Academy of Sciences}. {G. A. Gamow}]",
  type =         "HE Preprint",
  number =       "41",
  institution =  "????",
  address =      "Moscow, Russia",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 08:09:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Greenstein:1990:MPG,
  author =       "G. Greenstein",
  title =        "The Magician + a Profile of {George Gamow}",
  journal =      j-AM-SCH,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "118--125",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1990",
  ISSN =         "0003-0937 (print), 2162-2892 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-0937",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 10 14:32:04 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Scholar",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.theamericanscholar.org/archives",
}

@InCollection{Hoyle:1990:AEA,
  author =       "Fred Hoyle",
  title =        "An assessment of the evidence against the steady-state
                 theory",
  crossref =     "Bertotti:1990:MCR",
  pages =        "221--232",
  year =         "1990",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 01 08:52:34 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kragh:1991:CEDa,
  author =       "Helge S. Kragh",
  title =        "Cosmonumerology and Empiricism: the {Dirac--Gamow}
                 Dialogue",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-Q,
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "107--??",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "ASTQD2",
  ISSN =         "0364-9229 (print), 1878-0865 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0364-9229",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991AstQ....8..107K",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomy Quarterly",
  remark =       "Check: is this the same as \cite{Kragh:1991:CEDb}??",
}

@Article{Kragh:1991:CEDb,
  author =       "Helge S. Kragh",
  title =        "Cosmonumerology and Empiricism --- the {Dirac\slash
                 Gamow} Dialogue",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-Q,
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "109--??",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "ASTQD2",
  ISSN =         "0364-9229 (print), 1878-0865 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0364-9229",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991AstQ....8..109K",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomy Quarterly",
  remark =       "Check: is this the same as \cite{Kragh:1991:CEDa}??",
}

@Article{Boyle:1993:BRB,
  author =       "B. Boyle",
  title =        "{Book Review: {\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins in paperback}}
                 / Cambridge U Press, 1993}",
  journal =      j-OBSERVATORY,
  volume =       "113",
  number =       "1117",
  pages =        "318--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "OBSEAR",
  ISSN =         "0029-7704",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 18:48:52 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Obs...113Q.318B;
                 http://www.ulo.ucl.ac.uk/obsmag/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Observatory",
}

@Article{Dyson:1993:GGP,
  author =       "Freeman Dyson",
  title =        "{George Green} and Physics",
  journal =      j-PHYS-WORLD,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "33--38",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "PHWOEW",
  ISSN =         "0953-8585 (print), 2058-7058 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 10:29:19 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/han-wri-mat-sci-2ed.bib",
  URL =          "iopscience.iop.org/pwa/full/pwa-pdf/6/8/phwv6i8a28.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-njh # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics World",
  journal-URL =  "http://physicsworldarchive.iop.org/",
  mynote =       "Good quotes on Alpha, Bethe, Gamow paper.",
  remark =       "From page 38: ``The appropriate tools for analysing
                 condensed matter properties are therefore thermal
                 Green's functions. A beautiful thing happens when you
                 make the transition from ordinary Green's functions to
                 thermal Green's functions. To make the transition, all
                 you have to do is to replace the real frequency of any
                 oscillation by a complex number whose real part is
                 frequency and whose imaginary part is temperature. Thus
                 thermal Green's functions are just as easy to calculate
                 as ordinary Green's functions. To put in the
                 temperature, you simply give the frequency an imaginary
                 component. This is mathematical magic which I will not
                 attempt to explain. Green's functions make such magic
                 possible. That is one of the sources of their power and
                 their beauty.",
  remark-1 =     "From page 36: ``The Alpher--Bethe--Gamow paper
                 proposed that the chemical elements were formed by the
                 successive capture of neutrons on protons during the
                 initial expansion of the Universe from a hot dense
                 beginning. Bethe had nothing to do with the writing of
                 the paper but allowed his name to be put on it to fill
                 the gap between Alpher and Gamow. This joke, which was
                 Gamow's idea, made the paper famous. Meanwhile,
                 Wataghin's paper, which proposed that the elements were
                 formed in neutron stars, or more precisely in the
                 process of rapid expansion of neutron stars into
                 interstellar space, received much less attention.
                 Wataghin was then living in Brazil and was not widely
                 known. Unfortunately, it took many years to collect the
                 evidence which proved that, at least for the great
                 majority of the elements, Alpher--Bethe--Gamow were
                 wrong and Wataghin was right.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 37: ``Tomonaga was a physicist in the
                 European tradition, having worked as a student with
                 Heisenberg at Leipzig before the war. For him, in
                 contrast to Schwinger and Feynman, quantum field theory
                 was a familiar and natural language in which to think
                 about particle physics. Tomonaga and Dirac were on the
                 same wavelength. In his \booktitle{Physical Review}
                 paper of 1948, Dirac mentions Tomonaga in the text and
                 in a footnote, but does not refer to Schwinger or
                 Feynman.''",
}

@Article{Hookham:1993:BRB,
  author =       "J. Hookham",
  title =        "{Books Received --- {\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins in
                 Paperback}, by George Gamow}}",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "261",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "501--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 18:50:40 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Sci...261..501G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
}

@PhdThesis{Hughes:1993:RCC,
  author =       "Jeffrey Alan Hughes",
  title =        "The radioactivists: community, controversy and the
                 rise of nuclear physics",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} dissertation",
  school =       "University of Cambridge",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  pages =        "viii + 417",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 22 14:47:57 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib",
  URL =          "https://search.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/301418262",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  advisor =      "S. Schaffer",
  tableofcontents = "This dissertation is a social and technical history
                 of radioactivity research in the 1920s, and of the
                 emergence of nuclear physics in the 1930s. It is
                 concerned with the production, circulation and
                 certification of practice and knowledge in these fields
                 of scientific research.\par

                 By 1914, the study of radioactivity was confined to a
                 few centres --- Paris, Berlin, Manchester and Vienna
                 --- possessing relatively large quantities of radium.
                 The politics and organisation of this relatively closed
                 network were irrevocably altered by the First World
                 War. The election of Ernest Rutherford to the Cavendish
                 Chair of Experimental Physics at Cambridge in 1919
                 brought radioactivity research, and a programme of
                 Imperial physics, to the Cavendish Laboratory.
                 Rutherford's programme of research, based on his
                 speculative nuclear model of the atom (1911), sought to
                 map the internal topography of the atomic nucleus by
                 means of scintillation counting experiments.
                 Rutherford's work on artificial disintegration,
                 combined with F. W. Aston's elucidation of the isotopes
                 of the light elements by means of the
                 mass-spectrograph, brought about a profound change in
                 physicist's and chemist's views of atomic
                 architecture.\par

                 In the early 1920s, as laboratories in Europe recovered
                 from the war, the work of the Cavendish Laboratory was
                 unchallenged. During the 1920s, as other laboratories
                 entered the field of nuclear research, however, a
                 series of controversies brought into question the
                 reliability of the scintillation technique and the
                 integrity of all experimental results based upon it.
                 The foundational data yielded by the mass-spectrograph,
                 too, were contested, occasioning a `crisis of
                 certitude' in radioactivity research, and prompting a
                 redistribution of trust into alternative sources of
                 experimental evidence --- electronic (Geiger) counters
                 and cloud chambers. The crediting of these techniques
                 (which proved to be as problematic as those they
                 ostensibly replaced) opened up new kinds of problems to
                 experimental investigation.\par

                 In virtue of the new kinds of skills now required in
                 the laboratory, a re-definition of the investigative
                 community accompanied technical innovation. In the wake
                 of a prolonged controversy between Cambridge and
                 Vienna, a conference was convened at the Cavendish
                 Laboratory in 1928, as a direct result of which
                 researchers in several other European laboratories
                 (including Maurice de Broglie and the Joliot-Curies in
                 Paris, Bothe in Berlin and Pose at Halle) entered the
                 field of nuclear research, multiplying the number of
                 sites at which the new techniques were deployed.
                 Theoretical physicists like George Gamow, too, began to
                 apply the novel methods of wave mechanics to nuclear
                 problems, gradually transforming the bounds of the
                 possible and the plausible in nuclear research.",
}

@TechReport{Mather:1993:C,
  author =       "John C. Mather and D. J. Fixsen and R. A. Shafer",
  title =        "{COBE}",
  type =         "Preprint",
  number =       "93-10",
  institution =  "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center",
  address =      "Greenbelt, MD, USA",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 01 08:32:59 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/cobe/bibliography.cfm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This report, a collection of seven published papers by
                 teams of about 30 authors, gives the cosmic background
                 radiation temperature as 2.726 +/- 0.001 K, based on
                 measurements by the COBE (COsmic Background Explorer)
                 satellite project.",
}

@Book{Peebles:1993:PPC,
  author =       "P. J. E. (Phillip James Edwin) Peebles",
  title =        "Principles of Physical Cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 718",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-691-07428-3, 0-691-01933-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-07428-3, 978-0-691-01933-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .P424 1993",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 07:33:36 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$79.50US\$29.95",
  series =       "Princeton series in physics",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/prin021/92033370.html",
  abstract =     "During the last twenty years, dramatic improvements in
                 methods of observing astrophysical phenomena from the
                 ground and in space have added to our knowledge of what
                 the universe is like now and what it was like in the
                 past, going back to the hot big bang. In this overview
                 of today's physical cosmology, P. J. E. Peebles shows
                 how observation has combined with theoretical elements
                 to establish the subject as a mature science, while he
                 also discusses the most notable recent attempts to
                 understand the origin and structure of the universe. A
                 successor to Peebles's classic volume Physical
                 Cosmology (Princeton, 1971), the book is a
                 comprehensive overview addressed not only to students
                 but also to scientists active in fields outside
                 cosmology. The first part of the work presents the
                 elements of physical cosmology, including the history
                 of the discovery of the expanding universe. The second
                 part, on the cosmological tests that measure the
                 geometry of spacetime, discusses general relativity
                 theory as the basis for the tests, and then surveys the
                 broad variety of ways the tests can be applied with the
                 new generations of telescopes and detectors. The third
                 part deals with the origin of galaxies and the
                 large-scale structure of the universe, and reviews
                 ideas about how the evolution of the universe might be
                 traced back to very early epochs when structure
                 originated. Each chapter begins with an introduction
                 that can be understood with no special knowledge beyond
                 undergraduate physics, and then progresses to more
                 specialized topics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "cosmology; astrophysics",
  tableofcontents = "Part 1. The development of physical cosmology: \\
                 The standard cosmological model \\
                 Mach's principle and the cosmological principle \\
                 The realm of the nebulae \\
                 Einstein's world model \\
                 The thermal cosmic background radiation \\
                 Alternative cosmologies \\
                 Part 2. General relativity and cosmology: \\
                 General covariance \\
                 Motions of free test particles \\
                 Field equations \\
                 Wall, string, and spherical solutions \\
                 Robertson-Walker geometry \\
                 Neoclassical cosmological tests \\
                 Cosmology in an inhomogeneous universe \\
                 Part 3. Topics in modern cosmology: \\
                 Challenges for the standard model \\
                 Walls, strings, monopoles, and textures \\
                 Inflation \\
                 Dark matter \\
                 Measures of the galaxy distribution \\
                 Dynamical mass measures \\
                 The large-scale mass distribution \\
                 Gravitational evolution \\
                 Young galaxies and the intergalactic medium \\
                 Diffuse matter and the cosmic radiation backgrounds \\
                 Galaxy formation \\
                 Lessons and issues",
}

@Article{Prasad:1993:RRR,
  author =       "Rajendra Prasad",
  title =        "Review: Re-Reading Classics {{\booktitle{A
                 Mathematician's Apology}} by G. H. Hardy};
                 {{\booktitle{What Little I Remember}} by Otto Frisch};
                 {{\booktitle{What Is Life?, with Mind and Matter and
                 Autobiographical Sketches}} by Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger};
                 {{\booktitle{Mr. Tompkins in Paperback}} by George
                 Gamow}",
  journal =      j-SOC-SCI,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3/4",
  pages =        "98--101",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/3517634",
  ISSN =         "0970-0293",
  ISSN-L =       "0970-0293",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3517634;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3517634.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Social Scientist",
}

@Book{Weinberg:1993:FTM,
  author =       "Steven Weinberg",
  title =        "The First Three Minutes: a Modern View of the Origin
                 of the {Universe}",
  publisher =    pub-BASIC-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "x + 203",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-465-02437-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-465-02437-7 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .W48 1993",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 18:36:37 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0830/93232406-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0830/93232406-d.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "cosmology",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1994:EOL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Errata: {The Origin of the Liquid-Drop Model and the
                 Interpretation of Nuclear Fission}",
  journal =      j-PERSPECT-SCI,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "254--254",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "PRSIEU",
  ISSN =         "1063-6145 (print), 1530-9274 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6145",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 17 14:38:59 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/perspectsci.bib",
  note =         "Correction of printers error in bottom three equations
                 from page 90.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Perspectives on Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_on_science/;
                 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/posc/",
}

@Article{Chernin:1994:GAN,
  author =       "Artur D. Chernin",
  title =        "{Gamow} in {America}: 1934--1968 (On the ninetieth
                 anniversary of {G A Gamov}'s birth)",
  journal =      j-PHYS-USPEKHI,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "791--801",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "PHUSEY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1994v037n08ABEH000040",
  ISSN =         "1063-7869 (print), 1468-4780 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7869",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 06:46:50 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PhyU...37..791C;
                 http://stacks.iop.org/1063-7869/37/i=8/a=A04",
  abstract =     "In the years 1934--1968, when he worked in the USA,
                 Gamow developed the Big Bang theory and suggested an
                 idea deciphering the genetic code. These were his main
                 scientific achievements in the period in question. He
                 also tackled the problem of nuclear sources of stellar
                 energy. From 1948 he participated in the construction
                 of the American hydrogen bomb. He wrote over twenty
                 science and popular science books.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics-Uspekhi",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670",
}

@Article{Chernin:1994:HGC,
  author =       "Artur D. Chernin",
  title =        "How {Gamow} calculated the temperature of the
                 background radiation or a few words about the fine art
                 of theoretical physics",
  journal =      j-PHYS-USPEKHI,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "813--820",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "PHUSEY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1994v037n08ABEH000041",
  ISSN =         "1063-7869 (print), 1468-4780 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7869",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 06:46:50 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PhyU...37..813C;
                 http://stacks.iop.org/1063-7869/37/i=8/a=A06",
  abstract =     "In a paper published in 1953, i.e., more than a decade
                 before the observational discovery of the cosmic
                 microwave background radiation, George Gamow predicted
                 theoretically the temperature of this radiation. He
                 estimated it to be 7 K, which is very close to the
                 subsequently measured value of about 3 K. Gamow found
                 the present temperature of the background radiation on
                 the basis of general formulas of cosmological dynamics.
                 This prediction was in no way related to primordial
                 nucleosynthesis. This circumstance has and is still
                 causing misunderstanding in those cases in which the
                 authors have raised doubts about Gamow's results,
                 although an actual error has never been demonstrated. A
                 detailed analysis makes it possible to understand how
                 Gamow's calculation is possible. The problem lies in
                 the fact that Gamow makes a certain additional implicit
                 assumption which allows him to dispense with
                 information on nucleosynthesis. This assumption is
                 discussed in the context of the state of cosmology in
                 the period from the fifties to the seventies, and of
                 the current status of this branch of science.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics-Uspekhi",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670",
}

@Article{Frenkel:1994:CBG,
  author =       "Viktor Ya. Frenkel'",
  title =        "Correspondence between {G A Gamow} and {P L Kapitza}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-USPEKHI,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "803--811",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "PHUSEY",
  ISSN =         "1063-7869 (print), 1468-4780 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7869",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 06:46:50 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://stacks.iop.org/1063-7869/37/i=8/a=A05",
  abstract =     "The letters exchanged between Peter Kapitza and George
                 Gamow are published here for the first time. The
                 correspondence throws light on the active support
                 accorded by Kapitza to his Russian colleagues and on
                 his work as the coeditor of a prestigious series of
                 physics monographs published by Clarendon Press,
                 Oxford. Gamow comes over in his letters, relating to
                 one of the most interesting periods of his creative
                 activity (1929--1934), in full blaze of his
                 personality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics-Uspekhi",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670",
  remark =       "The exchanges between these Russian authors were
                 peculiar: In Leningrad, Kapitza dictated his letters in
                 English to his secretary who took them down in
                 shorthand, then typed them on an English typewriter.
                 Kapitza said he used English because his Russian
                 handwriting was idiosyncratic and hard to decipher. In
                 Cambridge, Copenhagen, and Paris, Gamov wrote to
                 Kapitza in longhand in Russian, interspersing his
                 Cyrillic handwriting script with words and phrases in
                 English and German, and signing himself, in English, as
                 ``Yours, Joe Gamow''.",
}

@Article{Frenkel:1994:GGWa,
  author =       "V. Y. Frenkel",
  title =        "{George Gamow} --- World-Line 1904--1933 --- (On the
                 Occasion of the 90th Anniversary of His Birth)",
  journal =      j-USPEKHI-FIZ-NAUK,
  volume =       "164",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "845--866",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "UFNAAG",
  ISSN =         "0042-1294 (print), 1996-6652 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0042-1294",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 10 14:32:04 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk",
  journal-URL =  "http://ufn.ru/en/articles/",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Article{Frenkel:1994:GGWb,
  author =       "Viktor Ya. Frenkel'",
  title =        "{George Gamow}: World line 1904--1933 (On the
                 ninetieth anniversary of {G A Gamov}'s birth)",
  journal =      j-PHYS-USPEKHI,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "767--789",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "PHUSEY",
  ISSN =         "1063-7869 (print), 1468-4780 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7869",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 06:46:50 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://stacks.iop.org/1063-7869/37/i=8/a=A03",
  abstract =     "One of his articles written with a co-author Gamow
                 called `My half-article'. Here his `half-biography' is
                 presented. It covers the first very important part of
                 his life, starting from his youth in Odessa, his
                 student years in Petrograd--Leningrad and several of
                 his visits to Germany, Denmark, and England in
                 connection with his scientific work. Special attention
                 is devoted to his first scientific researches
                 (1926--1928) at the Leningrad State University and to
                 his relations with fellow students --- Matvei P.
                 Bronstein, Dmitri D. Ivanenko, and Lev D. Landau. His
                 research into $ \alpha $-decay --- its genesis and
                 subsequent fate --- is analysed. This article is in
                 many respects based on new archive material.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics-Uspekhi",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670",
}

@Article{Gingerich:1994:SWA,
  author =       "Owen Gingerich",
  title =        "The Summer of 1953: a Watershed for Astrophysics",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "34--40",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.881407",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 12:09:51 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "Contains several mentions and anecdotes of George
                 Gamow.",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/PHTOAD/v47/i12",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Stuewer:1994:OLD,
  author =       "Roger H. Stuewer",
  title =        "The Origin of the Liquid-Drop Model and the
                 Interpretation of Nuclear Fission",
  journal =      j-PERSPECT-SCI,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--129",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "PRSIEU",
  ISSN =         "1063-6145 (print), 1530-9274 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-6145",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 15 07:18:48 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/perspectsci.bib",
  note =         "See errata \cite{Anonymous:1994:EOL}.",
  URL =          "http://alsos.wlu.edu/information.aspx?id=1736",
  abstract =     "This essay discusses the historical and scientific
                 basis of the two theories of the nucleus which led to
                 the groundbreaking 1938 theory of nuclear fission by
                 Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch. The first theory,
                 developed between 1928 and 1936, was pioneered by
                 George Gamow, who suggested that the nucleus could be
                 considered to be like a drop of liquid, with energy
                 holding the subatomic particles together just as
                 tension holds together liquid particles. The second
                 theory is Niels Bohr's 1936 theory of the compound
                 nucleus, which describes the way in which particles may
                 be released from the nucleus or that the nucleus may be
                 destroyed by raising the energy of a particle which
                 strikes the nucleus. The author suggests that Meitner
                 and Frisch combined those two theories to reach a
                 theory of fission that describes how a nucleus may be
                 split and the energy that is produced. Although the
                 article does present the equations and the reasoning
                 behind the theories, it is largely understandable by a
                 general audience.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Perspectives on Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_on_science/;
                 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/posc/",
  remark-00 =    "This is an excellent article that clears up widespread
                 miscrediting of the liquid-drop model of nuclear
                 fission to Niels Bohr and John Wheeler in 1939, instead
                 of, properly, to George Gamow in 1928. It deserves to
                 be read by everyone who is interested in the history of
                 modern nuclear physics.",
  remark-01 =    "From page 79: ``Furthermore, just before leaving
                 Copenhagen for Cambridge, sometime in December 1928,
                 Gamow conceived the liquid-drop model of the
                 nucleus.''",
  remark-02 =    "From page 80: ``Gamow was among those who responded to
                 Rutherford's remarks [at a meeting of the Royal Society
                 in London on February 7, 1929], and his response
                 constituted the first appearance of the liquid-drop
                 model in print.''",
  remark-03 =    "From page 85: ``In early April 1930 he [Gamow] visited
                 Manchester where he discussed his liquid-drop model
                 with Nevill Mott \ldots{} About a week later, he
                 traveled to Copenhagen \ldots{} where he discussed his
                 mass-defect calculations with Bohr \ldots{} Still, he
                 did not succeed in overcoming his difficulties.
                 Consequently, he published nothing further on the
                 mass-defect curve, turning instead to other problems in
                 nuclear physics in the summer of 1930.''",
  remark-04 =    "From page 86: Gamow was denied a passport to leave
                 Russia to attend the 31 October 1931 conference on
                 nuclear physics organized by Enrico Fermi. ``Unable to
                 leave Russia, he went to Leningrad, married Lyubov
                 Vokhminzeva, and took up a position as professor of
                 physics at the university. His paper for the Rome
                 conference was read by Max Delbr{\"u}ck.''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 86: ``[Fritz] Houtermans included an
                 extensive discussion of Gamow's liquid-drop model in a
                 long review article that he published in the
                 \booktitle{Ergebnisse der exakten
                 Naturwissenschaften}.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page 86: ``In the comprehensive treatise that
                 Rutherford, James Chadwick, and Charles D. Ellis
                 published, \booktitle{Radiations from Radioactive
                 Substances} (1930), Rutherford discussed Gamow's
                 liquid-drop model at length, \ldots{}''",
  remark-07 =    "From pages 87--88: ``He [Heisenberg] began to change
                 his mind [about whether or not the neutron was an
                 electron-proton composite particle] only in 1933, after
                 Ettore Majorana, who according to Emilio Segr{\`e}
                 \ldots{} immediately accepted the neutron as a new
                 elementary particle, introduced a new neutron-proton
                 force involving the exchange of spin as well as charge.
                 A compelling argument for adopting Majorana's exchange
                 force over Heisenberg's was that it saturated at the
                 alpha particle, thus accounting for the high stability
                 of that particle, whereas Heisenberg's saturated at the
                 deuteron, a particle soon found to be not particularly
                 stable.''",
  remark-08 =    "From footnote 22 on page 88: ``For an account of
                 Fermi's unsuccessful attempts to persuade Majorana to
                 publish his theory [on nuclear exchange forces] and
                 Heisenberg's success in doing so, see Amaldi 1984, pp.
                 44--45.''",
  remark-09 =    "From page 90: ``To evaluate this expression [for the
                 potential energy of exchange action], Heisenberg
                 neglected the action exerted by the spin of the
                 particles and applied the Thomas--Fermi
                 approximation.''",
  remark-10 =    "From page 97: ``Bethe did not discuss the historical
                 origin of the above formula, whereas von Weizs{\"a}cker
                 embedded his treatment within the context of Gamow's
                 liquid-drop model of the nucleus.'' Bethe and Bacher's
                 148-page Part A nuclear physics article in
                 \booktitle{Reviews of Modern Physics} in 1936 has only
                 two brief references to Gamow's publications, and does
                 not discuss Gamow's liquid-drop model. Bethe's 181-page
                 Part B paper in that journal in 1937, and Livingston
                 and Bethe's 154-pages Part C paper, also in 1937, have
                 more references to Gamow's work, but primarily those
                 involved with his estimation of nuclear size, and his
                 theory of alpha decay. As a result, many physicists
                 incorrectly attributed the liquid-drop model to its use
                 by Bohr and Wheeler in their widely-read September 1939
                 \booktitle{Physical Review} article entitled ``The
                 Mechanism of Nuclear Fission''.",
  remark-11 =    "From page 118: ``Although Bohr was present at its
                 creation in Copenhagen at the end of 1928, and although
                 he commented on Gamow's contribution at the Solvay
                 conference in 1933, he did not cite Gamow as the
                 originator of the liquid-drop model in his and
                 Kalckar's paper of 1937, perhaps because his use of the
                 model departed so fundamentally from Gamow's. In any
                 case, Bohr's omission was immediately propagated in the
                 literature. Bethe, in the second part of his famous
                 \booktitle{Reviews of Modern Physics} article of April
                 1937 [co-written with R. F. Bacher], based his
                 discussion of the liquid-drop model on Bohr and
                 Kalckar's paper in its prepublication form, and as a
                 result he ironically and unwittingly cited Bohr and
                 Kalckar themselves as the originators of that
                 model.''",
  remark-12 =    "From page 118: ``Von Weizs{\"a}cker gave full credit
                 to Gamow in his book \booktitle{Die Atomkerne}
                 (Weizsacker 1937, pp. 40--44), and Gamow himself
                 discussed his liquid-drop model again in the second
                 edition of his book on atomic nuclei (Gamow 1937, pp.
                 4--8), but \booktitle{Bethe's Bible} was far more
                 influential than either von Weizs{\"a}cker's or Gamow's
                 book, and physicists generally followed Bohr's and
                 Bethe's leads in dropping Gamow's name from the
                 literature --- an omission that was not corrected in
                 Bohr and Wheeler's paper of 1939. Subsequently, perhaps
                 because of Bohr's particularly fruitful application of
                 the liquid-drop model to the understanding of nuclear
                 reactions, but no doubt also owing to Bohr's imposing
                 stature in the profession, physicists came to associate
                 the origin of that model with Bohr's name, not
                 Gamow's.''",
}

@InProceedings{Anonymous:1995:GGA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  editor =       "A. M. Bykov and R. A. Chevalier and D. G. Yakovlev",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the Jubilee Gamov Seminar at St.
                 Petersburg, September 12--14, 1994, to commemorate the
                 90th anniversary of the birth of George Gamow}",
  title =        "{George Gamov and astrophysics}",
  publisher =    pub-KLUWER,
  address =      pub-KLUWER:adr,
  bookpages =    "xii + 237--501",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995gga..conf.....B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bykov:1995:GGA,
  author =       "A. M. Bykov and R. A. Chevalier and D. G. Yakovlev",
  title =        "{George Gamov and astrophysics. Proceedings. Jubilee
                 Gamow Seminar, St. Petersburg (Russia), 12--14 Sep
                 1994}",
  journal =      j-SPACE-SCI-REV,
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SPSRA4",
  ISSN =         "0038-6308 (print), 1572-9672 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-6308",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...74.....B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Space Science Reviews",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11214",
  keywords =     "Cosmology, Nucleosynthesis: Stellar Interiors, Neutron
                 Stars: Neutrinos, Stellar Evolution, Cosmic Rays:
                 Origin",
}

@Article{Chernin:1995:GGB,
  author =       "A. D. Chernin",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and the {Big Bang}",
  journal =      j-SPACE-SCI-REV,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "447--454",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SPSRA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00751431",
  ISSN =         "0038-6308 (print), 1572-9672 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-6308",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...74..447C",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia",
  conference-date = "Sep 12--24, 1994",
  conference-name = "Jubilee Gamow Seminar, Commemorating the 90th
                 Anniversary of the Birth of George Gamow",
  fjournal =     "Space Science Reviews",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11214",
}

@Article{Nadyozhin:1995:GPE,
  author =       "D. K. Nadyozhin",
  title =        "{Gamow} and the physics and evolution of stars",
  journal =      j-SPACE-SCI-REV,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "455--461",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SPSRA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00751432",
  ISSN =         "0038-6308 (print), 1572-9672 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-6308",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:51:15 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SSRv...74..455N",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Space Science Reviews",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11214",
}

@Article{Rigden:1995:JRO,
  author =       "John S. J. Rigden",
  title =        "{J. Robert Oppenheimer}: before the {War}",
  journal =      j-SCI-AMER,
  volume =       "273",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--81",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "SCAMAC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0795-76",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733 (print), 1946-7087 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 13 17:52:01 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib",
  note =         "Although {Oppenheimer} is now best remembered for his
                 influence during {World War II}, he made many important
                 contributions to theoretical physics in the 1930s.",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v273/n1/pdf/scientificamerican0795-76.pdf",
  abstract =     "His name, for most people, is synonymous with the
                 invention of nuclear weapons. Yet even before the
                 Manhattan Project, Oppenheimer was a brilliant
                 experimental and theoretical physicist, who recognized
                 quantum-mechanical tunneling, described how black holes
                 could form and nearly predicted the existence of
                 antimatter.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Scientific American",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican",
  journalabr =   "Sci Am",
  remark-1 =     "From page 76: ``[Oppenheimer] was the first to
                 recognize quantum-mechanical tunneling, which is the
                 basis of the scanning tunneling microscope, used to
                 reveal the structure of surfaces atom by atom. He fell
                 just short of predicting the existence of the positron,
                 the electron's antiparticle. He raised several crucial
                 difficulties in the theory of quantum electrodynamics.
                 He developed the theory of cosmic-ray showers. And long
                 before neutron stars and black holes were part of our
                 celestial landscape, Oppenheimer showed that massive
                 stars can collapse under the influence of gravitational
                 forces.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 79: ``During the summer of 1928 physicists
                 George Gamow and, independently, Edward U. Condon and
                 Ronald W. Gurney first explained radioactive
                 disintegration by means of tunneling. Textbook writers
                 of today acknowledge this fact, but they also imply
                 that these scientists actually discovered the
                 phenomenon, which is not true. Several months earlier,
                 in March, Oppenheimer had submitted a paper to the
                 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
                 \cite{Oppenheimer:1928:QTA} that considered the effect
                 an electric field has on an atom. \ldots{} the electron
                 can tunnel through the barrier that binds it.
                 Oppenheimer showed that a weak electric field could
                 dislodge electrons from the surface of a metal. Gerd
                 Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer of the IBM Zurich Research
                 Laboratory developed the scanning tunneling microscope
                 \cite{Binnig:1985:STM} based on this principle in 1982,
                 54 years after Oppenheimer had discovered it.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 79: ``Robert A. Millikan, who coined the
                 term `cosmic rays' in 1925, was at Caltech, and Ernest
                 O. Lawrence, who invented the cyclotron in 1930, was
                 investigating nuclear physics at Berkeley.''",
  remark-4 =     "From page 80: ``[Oppenheimer] further made note that
                 the positive particles posited by Dirac's theory needed
                 to have the same mass as an electron. In fact, these
                 positive holes were positrons, the electron's
                 antiparticle, but in 1930 this particle was unknown and
                 unanticipated. In contesting Dirac, though, Oppenheimer
                 fell just short of predicting its existence. ''",
  remark-5 =     "From page: ``In 1930, for example, Oppenheimer showed
                 that when the QED theory published that same year by
                 Heisenberg and Pauli was applied to the interactions
                 between electrons, protons and an electromagnetic
                 field, the displacement of spectral lines was infinite.
                 \ldots{} Had Oppenheimer had an experimental result on
                 the hydrogen atom obtained by his student Willis E.
                 Lamb only after the war, it is conceivable that he
                 would have resolved the troubling problem of
                 infinities.''",
  remark-6 =     "From page 80--81: ``Oppenheimer and his Berkeley
                 colleague Robert Serber immediately equated this
                 particle with one the Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa
                 had predicted to explain nuclear forces. The newly
                 discovered particle in fact turned out to be the muon.
                 The pion --- Yukawa's prediction --- came later.''",
  remark-7 =     "From page 81: ``Oppenheimer and Volkoff also performed
                 the first detailed calculations establishing the
                 structure of a neutron star, thereby laying the
                 foundation for the general relativistic theory of
                 stellar structure.''",
  remark-8 =     "From page 81: ``Oppenheimer and Snyder provided the
                 first calculation revealing how a black hole can
                 form.''",
  xxnewdata =    "1998.01.30",
  xxpages =      "68--73",
}

@Article{Alpher:1996:CGB,
  author =       "Ralph A. Alpher and Robert Herman",
  title =        "Celebration of {Gamow}'s birth: 90 years later",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-TRANS,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "1--2",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "AATREG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/10556799608203237",
  ISSN =         "1055-6796 (print), 1476-3540 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1055-6796",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A%26AT...10....1A",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gaat20",
}

@InCollection{Kragh:1996:GBB,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  title =        "{Gamow}'s Big Bang",
  crossref =     "Kragh:1996:CCH",
  pages =        "80--141",
  chapter =      "3",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 19 08:16:25 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
}

@Article{Kragh:1996:GGR,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  title =        "{Gamow}'s Game: The Road to the {Hot Big Bang}",
  journal =      j-CENTAURUS,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "335--361",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "CENTA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.1996.tb00020.x",
  ISSN =         "0008-8994 (print), 1600-0498 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0008-8994",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 18:44:16 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/centaurus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996Cent...38..335K;
                 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0498.1996.tb00020.x/abstract",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Centaurus: An International Journal of the History of
                 Science and its Cultural Aspects",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0498/",
  onlinedate =   "26 Jul 2007",
}

@Article{Pustylnik:1996:GGU,
  author =       "I. Pustylnik",
  title =        "{George Gamow}'s unique style",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-TRANS,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "167--173",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "AATREG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/10556799608203025",
  ISSN =         "1055-6796 (print), 1476-3540 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1055-6796",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A%26AT...10..167P",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gaat20",
}

@Article{Sabadell:1996:GGS,
  author =       "M. A. Sabadell",
  title =        "{George Gamow}, science writer. {A} consideration of
                 what science is and how it is done",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-TRANS,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "9--19",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "AATREG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/10556799608203240",
  ISSN =         "1055-6796 (print), 1476-3540 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1055-6796",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A%26AT...10....9S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gaat20",
  keywords =     "The popularization of science, the scientific
                 activity, the goals of science",
}

@Article{Salpeter:1996:RGG,
  author =       "Edwin Salpeter",
  title =        "Reminiscences of {George Gamow} and Nuclear
                 Astrophysics",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-TRANS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "3--37",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "AATREG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/10556799608203238",
  ISSN =         "1055-6796 (print), 1476-3540 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1055-6796",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:10:53 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A%26AT...10....3S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gaat20",
  xxpages =      "3--4",
}

@Misc{vonNeumann:1996:PJN,
  author =       "John von Neumann",
  title =        "Papers of {John von Neumann}, 1912--1996 (bulk
                 1935--1957)",
  howpublished = "US Library of Congress archival manuscript material
                 (collection).",
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 09 05:12:36 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms996003;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "11,660 items. 34 containers plus 1 vault container.
                 13.4 linear feet.

                 Manuscript number MSS44180.

                 Correspondence, memoranda, journals, speeches, article
                 and book drafts, notes, charts, graphs, patent,
                 biographical material, family papers, printed
                 materials, newspaper clippings, photographs, and other
                 materials pertaining primarily to von Neumann's career
                 as professor of mathematics at the Institute for
                 Advanced Study including his directorship of the
                 Electronic Computer Project; adviser and commissioner
                 on the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission; scientific
                 consultant to government and private concerns,
                 including the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los
                 Alamos, New Mexico, and the U.S. Army Ballistic
                 Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, Maryland; and author of
                 works on ballistic research, computers, continuous
                 geometries, logic, operator theory, quantum mechanics,
                 and the theory of games. Includes evaluations of his
                 work written after his death by colleagues including
                 Herman Heine Goldstine, Paul R. Halmos, and Abraham H.
                 Taub. Of special interest are an Albert Einstein letter
                 and report on theoretical physics (1937). Also includes
                 a small amount of material pertaining to Eva and Peter
                 Aldor. Correspondents include Eva Aldor, Frank
                 Aydelotte, Hans Albrecht Bethe, Garrett Birkhoff, S.
                 Chandrasekhar, George Bernard Dantzig, P. A. M. Dirac,
                 Carl Eckart, Enrico Fermi, Abraham Flexner, George
                 Gamow, Kurt G{\"o}del, Herman Heine Goldstine, Werner
                 Heisenberg, L. van Hove, Cuthbert Corwin Hurd, Pascual
                 Jordan, R. H. Kent, George B. Kistiakowsky, Oskar
                 Morgenstern, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Rudolf Ortvay,
                 Wolfgang Pauli, Marshall H. Stone, Lewis L. Strauss,
                 Abraham Haskel Taub, Edward Teller, Stanislaw M. Ulam,
                 Oswald Veblen, Klara Dan Von Neumann, Warren Weaver,
                 Hermann Weyl, Norbert Wiener, and Eugene Paul
                 Wigner.

                 Gift, Marina Von Neumann Whitman, 1974--1975. Gift,
                 Nicholas A. Vonneuman, 1993.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subjects =     "Aldor, Eva.\\
                 Aldor, Peter, 1904--1976.\\
                 Aydelotte, Frank, 1880--1956.\\
                 Bethe, Hans Albrecht, 1906--.\\
                 Birkhoff, Garrett, 1911--1996.\\
                 Chandrasekhar, S. (Subrahmanyan), 1910--1995.\\
                 Dantzig, George Bernard, 1914--2005.\\
                 Dirac, P. A. M. (Paul Adrien Maurice), 1902--1984.\\
                 Eckart, Carl, 1902--.\\
                 Einstein, Albert, 1879--1955.\\
                 Fermi, Enrico, 1901--1954.\\
                 Flexner, Abraham, 1866--1959.\\
                 Gamow, George, 1904--1968.\\
                 G{\"o}del, Kurt, 1906--1978.\\
                 Goldstine, Herman Heine, 1913--2004.\\
                 Halmos, Paul R. (Paul Richard), 1916--.\\
                 Heisenberg, Werner, 1901--1976.\\
                 Hove, L. van (L{\'e}on).\\
                 Hurd, Cuthbert Corwin, 1911--.\\
                 Jordan, Pascual, 1902--1980.\\
                 Kent, R. H. (Robert Harrington), 1886--1961.\\
                 Kistiakowsky, George B. (George Bogdan), 1900--.\\
                 Morgenstern, Oskar, 1902--1977.\\
                 Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 1904--1967.\\
                 Ortvay, Rudolf, 1885--1945.\\
                 Pauli, Wolfgang, 1900--1958.\\
                 Stone, Marshall H. (Marshall Harvey), 1903--1989.\\
                 Strauss, Lewis L.\\
                 Taub, Abraham Haskel, 1911--1999.\\
                 Teller, Edward, 1908--2003.\\
                 Ulam, Stanislaw M., 1909--1984.\\
                 Veblen, Oswald, 1880--1960.\\
                 Von Neumann, Klara Dan.\\
                 Weaver, Warren, 1894--1978.\\
                 Weyl, Hermann, 1885--1955.\\
                 Wiener, Norbert, 1894--1964.\\
                 Wigner, Eugene Paul, 1902--1998.\\
                 Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton,
                 NJ)--Faculty.\\
                 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.\\
                 US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory.\\
                 US Atomic Energy Commission.\\
                 Ballistics.\\
                 Computers.\\
                 Continuous geometries.\\
                 Game theory.\\
                 Logic, Symbolic and mathematical.\\
                 Mathematics--Study and teaching.\\
                 Nuclear energy.\\
                 Nuclear energy--Government policy--United States.\\
                 Operator theory.\\
                 Physics.\\
                 Quantum theory.\\
                 Atomic energy commissioners.\\
                 Educators.\\
                 Mathematicians.",
}

@InProceedings{Bethe:1997:IGE,
  author =       "Hans Bethe",
  title =        "Influence of {Gamow} on Early Astrophysics and on
                 Early Accelerators in Nuclear Physics",
  crossref =     "Harper:1997:GGS",
  pages =        "44--48",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
                 Series",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ASPC..129...44B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Gamow:1997:PDR,
  author =       "I. Gamow and M. Nirenberg and J. Follin and V. Rubin
                 and A. Rich and R. Alpher and R. Herman and P.
                 Abelson",
  title =        "Panel Discussion and Reminiscences of {George Gamow}",
  crossref =     "Harper:1997:GGS",
  pages =        "127--??",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 18:46:29 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ASPC..129..127G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Harper:1997:EAG,
  author =       "E. Harper and W. C. Parke and G. D. Anderson",
  title =        "Epilogue / Appendix: {George Gamow}'s Publications",
  crossref =     "Harper:1997:GGS",
  volume =       "129",
  pages =        "140--151",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
                 Series",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ASPC..129..140H",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Rich:1997:GGC,
  author =       "Alexander Rich",
  title =        "{Gamow} and the Genetic Code",
  crossref =     "Harper:1997:GGS",
  pages =        "114--122",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
                 Series",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ASPC..129..114R",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Rubin:1997:WGG,
  author =       "V. Rubin",
  title =        "What {George Gamow} Did not Know about the
                 {Universe}",
  crossref =     "Harper:1997:GGS",
  volume =       "129",
  pages =        "95--??",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
                 Series",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ASPC..129...95R",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Stuewer:1997:GAD,
  author =       "R. H. Stuewer",
  title =        "{Gamow}, Alpha Decay, and the Liquid-Drop Model of the
                 Nucleus",
  crossref =     "Harper:1997:GGS",
  volume =       "129",
  pages =        "29--43",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
                 Series",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ASPC..129...29S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Teller:1997:SPM,
  author =       "Edward Teller",
  title =        "Some Personal Memories of {George Gamow}",
  crossref =     "Harper:1997:GGS",
  pages =        "124--126",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
                 Series",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ASPC..129..123T",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1998:BRB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The George Gamow Symposium}}
                 / Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1997}",
  journal =      j-OBSERVATORY,
  volume =       "118",
  number =       "1146",
  pages =        "311--??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "OBSEAR",
  ISSN =         "0029-7704",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Obs...118..311H;
                 http://www.ulo.ucl.ac.uk/obsmag/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Observatory",
}

@Article{Hayes:1998:CSI,
  author =       "Brian Hayes",
  title =        "Computing Science: The Invention of the Genetic Code",
  journal =      j-AM-SCI,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8--14",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "AMSCAC",
  ISSN =         "0003-0996 (print), 1545-2786 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0003-0996",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 23 06:39:13 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "This article, by a former editor of this journal,
                 describes George Gamow's important contributions to the
                 understanding of the genetic code in DNA.",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27856930",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Scientist",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/past.aspx",
}

@Book{Mladjenovic:1998:DYN,
  author =       "Milorad Mladjenovi{\'c}",
  booktitle =    "The Defining Years in Nuclear Physics, 1932--1960s",
  title =        "The Defining Years in Nuclear Physics, 1932--1960s",
  publisher =    pub-IOP,
  address =      pub-IOP:adr,
  pages =        "xx + 441",
  year =         "1998",
  ISBN =         "0-7503-0472-3 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7503-0472-6 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC773 .M54 1998",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 4 10:32:56 MDT 2016",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib",
  abstract =     "Creation, in science, is like any other process,
                 highly individual. Nuclear physics, more than any other
                 branch of physics, has shaped the public perception of
                 science this century. Professor Mladjenovic has put
                 together a fascinating account of the scientists, and
                 their discoveries, in chronological order. It describes
                 the work of the founding fathers of nuclear physics,
                 from Gamow and Dirac, to Van de Graaff and Siegbahn
                 (amongst others). It is the author's view of the most
                 important discoveries made, and reflects, in part, the
                 research he has carried out. Topics include nuclear
                 spectroscopy, in particular beta-ray spectrometers and
                 internal conversion. The author starts from the
                 discovery of the neutron in 1932, to nuclear fission,
                 and closes with sub-atomic processes. The book is
                 written for students of modern physics courses, and as
                 a reference for those interested in the historical
                 development of the subject. Full references for further
                 reading, and to the original papers are provided.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1920--",
  remark =       "From the inside cover: With reference to the following
                 Nobel Prize winners: ALVAREZ; ANDERSON; BETHE;
                 BLACKETT; BOHR Aage and MOTTELSON; BOHR Niels; BOTHE;
                 CHADWICK; COCKCROFT and WALTON; DIRAC; FERMI; HAHN and
                 STRASSMAN; HEISENBERG; HOFSTADTER; JOLIOT-CURIES;
                 LAWRENCE; LEE and YOUNG; MAYER and JENSEN; McMILLAN;
                 SEGRE; SIEGBAHN Kai; WIGNER",
  shorttableofcontents = "Part 1. From the discovery of the neutron to
                 nuclear fission. The state of nuclear physics in 193l
                 \\
                 Discovery of the neutron \\
                 Discovery of the positron and artificial radioactivity
                 \\
                 Radioactivity produced by neutrons \\
                 Discovery of fission \\
                 Nuclear forces \\
                 Part 2. Nuclear instruments. Nuclear accelerators \\
                 Gas counters \\
                 The scintillation counter \\
                 Semiconductor counters \\
                 Beta-ray spectrometers \\
                 gamma-decay \\
                 Internal conversion \\
                 Beta-decay \\
                 Part 3. Nuclear models. The nuclear shell model \\
                 Collective models \\
                 Individual-particle models \\
                 Part 4. Nuclear reactions. First experiments with the
                 accelerated particles \\
                 Nucleon-nucleon scattering \\
                 Low-energy nuclear reactions",
  subject =      "Nuclear physics; History; Instruments; Nuclear models;
                 Nuclear reactions; Nuclear models; Nuclear physics;
                 Instruments; Nuclear reactions; Kernfysica; Physique
                 nucl{\'e}aire; 20e si{\`e}cle; Kernphysik; Geschichte
                 1932--1969",
  tableofcontents = "Acknowledgments / v \\
                 Preface / xvii \\
                 General References / xvii \\
                 PART 1: FROM THE DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON TO NUCLEAR
                 FISSION / 1 \\
                 THE STATE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN 1931 / 3 \\
                 1.1 The first book on nuclear structure / 3 \\
                 1.2 Nuclear spin and nuclear constitution / 4 \\
                 1.3 Statistics / 6 \\
                 1.4 Alpha decay / 9 \\
                 1.4.1 Gamow's theory / 10 \\
                 1.4.2 Comparison with the empirical data / 13 \\
                 1.5 Nuclear transmutations / 15 \\
                 DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON / 19 \\
                 2.1 The experiment of Bothe and Becker / 21 \\
                 2.2 The Curie and Joliot papers / 23 \\
                 2.3 Work in Cambridge / 26 \\
                 2.3.1 Letter to Nature / 27 \\
                 2.3.2 Reaction in Paris / 28 \\
                 2.3.3 A rare confession / 29 \\
                 DISCOVERY OF THE POSITRON AND ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY
                 / 31 \\
                 3.1 Dirac's theory of the positron / 31 \\
                 3.1.1 Electrons and protons / 32 \\
                 3.1.2 Anti-electrons / 34 \\
                 3.2 Discovery of the positron / 36 \\
                 3.2.1 Anderson's discovery / 36 \\
                 3.2.2 Confirmation for Blackett and Occhialini / 39 \\
                 3.3 Discovery of artificial radioactivity / 40 \\
                 3.3.1 `Transmutation positrons' / 41 \\
                 3.3.2 Positron radioactivity / 43 \\
                 4 RADIOACTIVITY PRODUCED BY NEUTRONS / 46 \\
                 4.1 The work of the Fermi group in Rome / 46 \\
                 4.1.1 April--July 1934 / 47 \\
                 4.1.2 The first transuranium controversy / 48 \\
                 4.1.3 Summary of the first phase of work / 49 \\
                 4.1.4 The discovery of neutron thermalization / 51 \\
                 4.2 The physics of slow neutrons / 53 \\
                 4.2.1 The end of Fermi's group in Rome / 54 \\
                 5 DISCOVERY OF FISSION / 56 \\
                 5.1 The early work of Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann / 56
                 \\
                 5.1.1 Transuranium isomeric disintegration series / 58
                 \\
                 5.2 The 3.5 h activity of Curie and Savi{\'c} / 63 \\
                 5.3 Fission / 65 \\
                 5.3.1 Lise Meitner's departure / 65 \\
                 5.3.2 Radium isomers / 65 \\
                 5.3.3 Radium isomers were barium isotopes / 65 \\
                 5.3.4 The Hahn--Meitner letters / 67 \\
                 5.3.5 The interpretation of Meitner and Frisch / 67 \\
                 6 NUCLEAR FORCES / 70 \\
                 6.1 First nuclear models with neutrons / 70 \\
                 6.1.1 18 April / 70 \\
                 6.1.2 21 April / 70 \\
                 6.1.3 25 April / 71 \\
                 6.1.4 18 July / 71 \\
                 6.1.5 17 August / 71 \\
                 6.2 Heisenberg's first paper / 71 \\
                 6.3 Heisenberg's second and third papers / 73 \\
                 6.3.1 Comments / 74 \\
                 6.4 Majorana's paper / 74 \\
                 6.5 Heisenberg's review paper / 76 \\
                 6.6 Wave equation of the deuteron / 79 \\
                 PART 2: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS / 83 \\
                 7 NUCLEAR ACCELERATORS / 85 \\
                 7.1 The Cockcroft--Walton accelerator / 86 \\
                 7.1.1 The 300 kV model / 87 \\
                 7.1.2 The second apparatus / 87 \\
                 7.1.3 Other Cockcroft--Walton accelerators / 89 \\
                 7.2 The cyclotron / 90 \\
                 7.2.1 Cyclotron acceleration / 91 \\
                 7.2.2 Early cyclotrons / 92 \\
                 7.2.3 Larger cyclotrons / 94 \\
                 7.2.4 The synchrocyclotron / 95 \\
                 7.3 The electrostatic (Van de Graaff) generator / 96
                 \\
                 7.3.1 Early models / 97 \\
                 7.3.2 The first single-electrode generator / 99 \\
                 7.3.3 Design advances / 99 \\
                 7.3.4 Tandems / 101 \\
                 7.4 Linear accelerators / 102 \\
                 7.4.1 The first linear accelerator at Berkeley / 103
                 \\
                 7.4.2 The first proton linear accelerators / 105 \\
                 7.5 The betatron / 105 \\
                 7.5.1 The principle of operation / 105 \\
                 7.6 Synchrotrons / 107 \\
                 7.6.1 The electron synchrotrons / 107 \\
                 7.6.2 The proton synchrotron / 108 \\
                 7.7 Alternating gradient focusing / 108 \\
                 7.8 Colliding beams and storage rings / 109 \\
                 7.9 Accelerator development / 110 \\
                 8 GAS COUNTERS / 114 \\
                 8.1 Point and trigger counters / 114 \\
                 8.2 The Geiger--Muller counter / 120 \\
                 8.2.1 Non-self-quenching counters / 120 \\
                 8.2.2 Self-quenching counters / 122 \\
                 8.3 The proportional counter / 127 \\
                 8.3.1 Spectrometry / 129 \\
                 9 THE SCINTILLATION COUNTER / 131 \\
                 9.1 Photomultipliers / 132 \\
                 9.2 Beginnings / 133 \\
                 9.2.1 1947 / 134 \\
                 9.2.2 1948 / 134 \\
                 9.2.3 1949 / 135 \\
                 9.2.4 1950 / 136 \\
                 9.3 Properties of scintillation detectors / 137 \\
                 9.3.1 Organic crystals / 137 \\
                 9.3.2 Inorganic crystals / 139 \\
                 9.4 $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy with scintillators / 141
                 \\
                 9.4.1 First $\gamma$-spectra / 143 \\
                 9.4.2 Maturity of $\gamma$-ray scintillation
                 spectroscopy / 148 \\
                 10 SEMICONDUCTOR COUNTERS / 151 \\
                 10.1 Early investigations / 151 \\
                 10.1.1 Counting mechanism / 152 \\
                 10.2 The second phase (1949--1959) / 153 \\
                 10.2.1 The pioneering work of McKay / 153 \\
                 10.2.2 The response / 155 \\
                 10.2.3 Surface barrier detector / 155 \\
                 10.2.4 Temperature effects / 156 \\
                 10.3 The third phase (1960--1965) / 158 \\
                 10.3.1 Laboratory work / 158 \\
                 10.3.2 Silicon detector development / 158 \\
                 10.3.3 Lithium drifting counters / 158 \\
                 10.4 $\gamma$-ray spectrometry / 159 \\
                 10.4.1 Summary 1959--1965 / 160 \\
                 Appendix / 161 \\
                 A.I Semiconductor structure / 161 \\
                 A.2 Junctions / 163 \\
                 A.3 p--i--n junctions / 165 \\
                 11 BETA-RAY SPECTROMETERS / 168 \\
                 11.1 Lenses / 168 \\
                 11.1.1 Long lenses / 170 \\
                 11.1.2 Short lenses / 173 \\
                 11.1.3 Intermediate lenses / 173 \\
                 11.1.4 Coincidence spectrometers / 173 \\
                 11.2 The second generation of semi-circular
                 spectrometers / 175 \\
                 11.2.1 Modifications / 175 \\
                 11.3 Double-focusing $\pi \sqrt{2}$ spectrometers / 175
                 \\
                 11.3.1 Design of $\pi \sqrt{2}$ spectrometers / 176 \\
                 11.3.2 Multistrip sources / 177 \\
                 11.3.3 Aberration correctors / 177 \\
                 11.3.4 Greater focusing angles / 179 \\
                 11.4 Prismatic (sector) spectrometers / 181 \\
                 11.4.1 Uniform-field sector / 181 \\
                 11.4.2 Double-focusing spectrometers / 181 \\
                 11.5 Toroidal (orange) spectrometers / 183 \\
                 11.6 Trochoidal spectrometers / 185 \\
                 11.7 Optical analogy spectrometer / 186 \\
                 11.8 Precision spectroscopy / 187 \\
                 11.8. l Nuclear decay schemes / 187 \\
                 11.8.2 Precision of electron energy measurements / 188
                 \\
                 11.9 Closing comments / 191 \\
                 12 GAMMA-DECAY / 195 \\
                 12.1 Dirac's first formula / 195 \\
                 12.2 Dirac's second formula / 196 \\
                 12.3 Multipole fields / 196 \\
                 12.3.1 Heitler's contribution / 197 \\
                 12.3.2 The Weisskopf--Franz contribution / 197 \\
                 12.4 Single-particle transitions / 198 \\
                 12.4.1 Selection rules / 199 \\
                 12.5 Measurement of transition probabilities / 200 \\
                 12.5.1 Coincidence measurements / 201 \\
                 12.5.2 The oscilloscope method / 203 \\
                 12.5.3 The time of flight method / 204 \\
                 12.5.4 Resonance scattering and absorption / 204 \\
                 12.5.5 M{\"o}ssbauer effect / 204 \\
                 12.5.6 Coulomb excitation / 206 \\
                 12.6 Classification of nuclear transition probabilities
                 / 206 \\
                 12.7 Angular correlations / 207 \\
                 12.7.1 Polarization-direction correlation / 209 \\
                 13 INTERNAL CONVERSION / 214 \\
                 13.1 First measurements / 214 \\
                 13.2 Early theoretical calculations / 216 \\
                 13.3 Tables of coefficients / 221 \\
                 13.3.1 The work of Rose and collaborators / 221 \\
                 13.3.2 The effects of final nuclear size / 222 \\
                 13.4 Summing up in 1965 / 224 \\
                 13.4.1 K-conversion coefficients / 224 \\
                 13.4.2 K/L ratios / 225 \\
                 13.4.3 New calculations (1964--1968) / 227 \\
                 13.5 Maturity / 229 \\
                 13.5.1 K-conversion coefficients / 229 \\
                 13.5.2 K/L ratios / 230 \\
                 13.5.3 L-subshells / 230 \\
                 13.6 Final comment / 231 \\
                 14 BETA-DECAY / 234 \\
                 14.1 Bohr's non-conservation of energy / 234 \\
                 14.2 Beck's theory / 236 \\
                 14.3 Pauli's neutrino / 236 \\
                 14.4 Fermi's theory of $\beta$-decay / 238 \\
                 14.4.1 The perturbation matrix / 240 \\
                 14.4.2 The transition probability / 240 \\
                 14.4.3 The mean life / 241 \\
                 14.4.4 Forbidden transitions and selection rules / 242
                 \\
                 14.4.5 Comparison with experiments / 242 \\
                 14.4.6 The Fermi constant / 243 \\
                 14.4.7 Spectrum shapes / 243 \\
                 14.4.8 Comments / 244 \\
                 14.5 Early experimental tests / 245 \\
                 14.5.1 The Kurie plot / 245 \\
                 14.5.2 RaE ($^{210}$Bi) / 247 \\
                 14.6 The Konopinski--Uhlenbeck modification / 248 \\
                 14.6.1 Experimental evidence / 250 \\
                 14.7 Further development of Fermi's theory / 251 \\
                 14.7.1 Gamow--Teller selection rules / 251 \\
                 14.7.2 Relativistic Hamiltonians / 251 \\
                 14.7.3 Forbidden transitions / 252 \\
                 14.8 Post-war experimental research / 253 \\
                 14.8.1 New and stronger sources / 253 \\
                 14.8.2 Allowed spectra / 254 \\
                 14.8.3 Forbidden transitions / 257 \\
                 14.9 Orbital electron capture / 258 \\
                 14.9.1 The Alvarez paper / 259 \\
                 14.10 Interaction forms / 259 \\
                 14.10.1 Allowed transitions / 260 \\
                 14.10.2 Forbidden transitions / 260 \\
                 14.11 Neutrino experiments / 261 \\
                 14.11.1 Indirect evidence (early experiments) / 261 \\
                 14.11.2 Electron--neutrino angular correlation / 265
                 \\
                 14.11.3 Detection of the free neutrino / 266 \\
                 14.11.4 Nuclear explosion neutrino experiment / 270 \\
                 14.12 Discovery of the non-conservation of parity / 271
                 \\
                 14.12.1 Conservation laws / 271 \\
                 14.12.2 The $\tau$--$\theta$ puzzle / 275 \\
                 14.12.3 The investigations of Lee and Yang / 275 \\
                 14.12.4 The experiment of Wu et al. / 276 \\
                 14.13 After parity non-conservation / 278 \\
                 14.13.1 Longitudinal polarization of $\beta$-particles
                 / 278 \\
                 14.13.2 The helicity of the neutrino / 278 \\
                 14.13.3 Universal V--A interaction / 279 \\
                 14.14 A short commentary / 279 \\
                 PART 3: NUCLEAR MODELS / 285 \\
                 15 THE NUCLEAR SHELL MODEL / 287 \\
                 15.1 Earliest ideas / 287 \\
                 15.1.1 Beck's ideas / 287 \\
                 15.1.2 Bartlett's papers / 287 \\
                 15.2 Work in Paris / 288 \\
                 15.3 The review by Bethe and Bacher / 291 \\
                 15.3.1 Gamow's text-book / 292 \\
                 15.4 Mayer's first paper / 293 \\
                 15.5 Immediate reactions / 294 \\
                 15.5.1 Feenberg's papers / 294 \\
                 15.5.2 Nordheim's paper / 296 \\
                 15.6 A letter to Physical Review worth a Nobel Prize /
                 298 \\
                 15.7 Four series of magic numbers / 300 \\
                 15.8 Extensive papers / 300 \\
                 15.8.1 Mayer's paper / 300 \\
                 15.8.2 The paper by Haxel et al / 301 \\
                 15.9 Three decades later / 302 \\
                 15.9.1 The level sequence / 302 \\
                 15.9.2 Spins / 303 \\
                 15.9.3 Magnetic moments / 303 \\
                 15.9.4 $\beta$-decay / 303 \\
                 15.9.5 Final comments / 304 \\
                 16 COLLECTIVE MODELS / 306 \\
                 16.1 Quadrupole moments and collective motion / 306 \\
                 16.1.1 Early correlation of $Q$ with magic numbers /
                 306 \\
                 16.1.2 Spheroidal nuclear model (Rainwater) / 309 \\
                 16.1.3 The quasi-molecular model ({\AA}. Bohr) / 310
                 \\
                 16.2 Rotational spectra / 311 \\
                 16.3 Early systematics of even-even nuclei / 313 \\
                 16.4 Coulomb excitation / 314 \\
                 16.4.1 Classical theory / 316 \\
                 16.4.2 The first proposal for experiments / 316 \\
                 16.4.3 First experimental results / 317 \\
                 16.4.4 Theoretical development / 319 \\
                 16.4.5 Compilation of experimental results / 320 \\
                 16.5 Nuclear vibrations / 321 \\
                 16.5.1 Octupole vibrations of even--even nuclei / 322
                 \\
                 16.5.2 Vibrations of spheroidal nuclei / 323 \\
                 16.6 The asymmetric rotor model / 323 \\
                 16.6.1 Rotational level energies / 324 \\
                 16.6.2 Comparison with experiments / 325 \\
                 16.6.3 Electric quadrupole transition probabilities /
                 326 \\
                 16.6.4 $\beta$-vibrations of the asymmetric rotor / 327
                 \\
                 16.7 The deformed shell model / 328 \\
                 16.7.1 Nuclear configurations / 329 \\
                 16.7.2 Ground-state spins and parities / 329 \\
                 16.7.3 Rotational bands / 330 \\
                 16.8 The microscopic description of collective motion /
                 331 \\
                 16.9 Final remarks / 332 \\
                 Appendix / 333 \\
                 A. I Classical theory of the nuclear surface
                 oscillations / 333 \\
                 A.2 Quantum theory of nuclear surface oscillations /
                 334 \\
                 17 INDIVIDUAL-PARTICLE MODELS / 338 \\
                 17.1 Wigner's supermultiplets / 338 \\
                 17.2 The methods of Racah and Young / 341 \\
                 17.3 The $d$ and $f$ shells / 341 \\
                 17.4 $j$--$j$ coupling / 343 \\
                 17.5 The intermediate coupling model / 343 \\
                 17.5.1 Inglis' level schemes / 344 \\
                 17.5.2 Kurath's spectra / 345 \\
                 17.5.3 The $(1d, 2s)$ shell / 346 \\
                 17.6 Semi-empirical calculations of energy levels / 347
                 \\
                 17.6.1 $^{40}$K--$^{38}$Cl / 349 \\
                 17.6.2 $^{41}$Ca--$^{42}$Ca--$^{43}$Ca / 349 \\
                 17.7 Nuclei near $^{208}$Pb / 351 \\
                 17.8 Collective and individual models / 353 \\
                 Appendix / 355 \\
                 A. I Group theory technique / 355 \\
                 A.2 Young schemes / 356 \\
                 A.3 Fractional parentage coefficients / 357 \\
                 A.4 Seniority quantum number / 357 \\
                 A.5 Charge--spin multiplets / 358 \\
                 PART 4: NUCLEAR REACTIONS / 363 \\
                 18 FIRST EXPERIMENTS WITH THE ACCELERATED PARTICLES /
                 365 \\
                 18.1 The first experiments of Cockcroft and Walton /
                 365 \\
                 18.1.1 Disintegration of lithium / 366 \\
                 18.1.2 Disintegration of other elements / 366 \\
                 18.2 The Lawrence experiment and the Solvay Meeting /
                 367 \\
                 18.2.1 Deuteron produced reactions / 368 \\
                 19 NUCLEON--NUCLEON SCATTERING / 370 \\
                 19.1 $(n, p)$ scattering / 371 \\
                 19.1.1 The total elastic scattering cross-section / 371
                 \\
                 19.1.2 Angular distributions / 373 \\
                 19.1.3 Neutron scattering in ortho- and para-hydrogen /
                 376 \\
                 19.2 (p, p) scattering / 379 \\
                 19.3 Summary / 383 \\
                 20 LOW-ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTIONS / 385 \\
                 20.1 Neutron reactions / 386 \\
                 20.1.1 Proof of $(n, \gamma)$ reaction / 386 \\
                 20.1.2 Slow-neutron capture and scattering / 386 \\
                 20.1.3 Resonances / 387 \\
                 20.2 The early single-particle model / 388 \\
                 20.2.1 Bethe's single-particle theory of nuclear
                 reactions / 388 \\
                 20.3 Bohr's compound nucleus model / 389 \\
                 20.3.1 Bohr's first paper / 390 \\
                 20.3.2 Second paper / 393 \\
                 20.4 The Breit--Wigner model of nuclear resonance / 395
                 \\
                 20.4.1 Resonance theory / 395 \\
                 20.4.2 The Breit--Wigner one-level formula / 396 \\
                 20.5 Many-particle resonances / 396 \\
                 20.6 Bethe's review, B and C: nuclear dynamics / 397
                 \\
                 20.6.1 Nuclear processes as many-body problems / 397
                 \\
                 20.6.2 Diffusion of neutrons / 400 \\
                 20.6.3 Measurement of neutron resonances / 401 \\
                 20.6.4 The many-body theory of $\alpha$-decay / 402 \\
                 20.6.5 Disintegrations produced by charged particles /
                 404 \\
                 20.6.6 Range-energy relations / 406 \\
                 20.6.7 Results of disintegration experiments / 406 \\
                 20.7 Justification of the dispersion formula / 407 \\
                 20.8 Statistical methods / 407 \\
                 20.8.1 Wigner's comments / 409 \\
                 20.9 Basic aspects of the compound nucleus model / 410
                 \\
                 20.9.1 Experiments / 413 \\
                 20.10 Stripping reactions / 413 \\
                 20.10.1 Qualitative arguments / 414 \\
                 20.10.2 `Stripping approximations' / 416 \\
                 20.11 Optical model / 417 \\
                 20.11.1 `A schematic theory of nuclear cross sections'
                 / 418 \\
                 20.11.2 Experimental evidence / 419 \\
                 20.11.3 `The formation of a compound nucleus in neutron
                 reactions' / 420 \\
                 20.11.4 `Model for nuclear reactions with neutrons' /
                 420 \\
                 20.12 Nuclear reaction theory 20 years later / 422 \\
                 20.13 Final comments / 424 \\
                 Index / 426 \\
                 Author Index / 431",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1999:CM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The Common Man",
  journal =      j-PHYS-PERSPECT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "336--336",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "PHPEF2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s000160050024",
  ISSN =         "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1422-6944",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 12 15:11:56 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1422-6944&volume=1&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000160050024;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/content/y1h02gr3rv7wurrl/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics in Perspective (PIP)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/16",
  remark =       "Anecdote from George Gamow about an incident between
                 Enrico Fermi and the guards at the Italian Academy of
                 Sciences.",
}

@Book{Stannard:1999:NWM,
  author =       "Russell Stannard",
  title =        "The New World of {Mr. Tompkins}: {George Gamow}'s
                 Classic {Mr. Tompkins} in Paperback",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 258",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-521-63009-6 (hardcover), 0-521-63992-1 (paperback),
                 0-511-00800-7 (e-book), 0-511-58169-6 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-63009-2 (hardcover), 978-0-521-63992-7
                 (paperback), 978-0-511-00800-9 (e-book),
                 978-0-511-58169-4 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QC71.S775 1999",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 17 12:48:34 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  price =        "US\$24.99",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam029/98050379.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0732/98050379-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam021/98050379.html",
  abstract =     "The layman is introduced to modern physics when a
                 personable bank clerk, interested in scientific
                 matters, has fantastic adventures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not yet in my library.",
  subject =      "Physics",
  tableofcontents = "Gamow's Preface to \booktitle{Mr Tompkins in
                 Paperback} \\
                 City Speed Limit \\
                 The Professor's Lecture on Relativity which Caused Mr
                 Tompkins's Dream \\
                 Mr Tompkins takes a Holiday \\
                 The Notes of the Professor's Lecture on Curved Space
                 \\
                 Mr Tompkins Visits a Closed Universe \\
                 Cosmic Opera \\
                 Black Holes, Heat Death, and Blow Torch \\
                 Quantum Snooker \\
                 The Quantum Safari \\
                 Maxwell's Demon \\
                 The Merry Tribe of Electrons \\
                 The Remainder of the Previous Lecture through which Mr
                 Tompkins Dozed \\
                 Inside the Nucleus \\
                 The Woodcarver \\
                 Holes in Nothing \\
                 Visiting the `Atom Smasher' \\
                 The Professor's Last Lecture",
}

@InCollection{Anonymous:2000:GG,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  editor =       "P. Murdin",
  booktitle =    "Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics",
  title =        "{Gamow, George (1904--68)}",
  publisher =    pub-CRC,
  address =      pub-CRC:adr,
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2000",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1888/0333750888/3639",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000eaa..bookE3639.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "biographies; history and archaeoastronomy",
}

@Article{Greenberger:2000:BRG,
  author =       "Daniel M. Greenberger",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow and Russell Stannard,
                 \booktitle{The New World of Mr. Tompkins}}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "57--57",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1306374",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 16:20:46 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v53/i6/p57_s1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Grib:2000:GRD,
  author =       "A. Grib and M. Novello",
  title =        "{Gamow} in {Rio} and the discovery of the {URCA}
                 process",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-TRANS,
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "669--673",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "AATREG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/10556790008238612",
  ISSN =         "1055-6796 (print), 1476-3540 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1055-6796",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26AT...19..669G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gaat20",
}

@Article{Klein:2000:GGF,
  author =       "E. Klein",
  title =        "{George Gamow}, facetious knowledge",
  journal =      "Recherche",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "332",
  pages =        "60--61",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2000",
  ISSN =         "0029-5671 (print), 1625-9955 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-5671",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 10 14:32:04 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  onlinedate =   "JUN-2000",
}

@Article{Linwood:2000:CGT,
  author =       "D. A. Linwood",
  title =        "The Calculus and {Gamow}'s Theory of Gravitation",
  journal =      j-COLLEGE-MATH-J,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "281--285",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/07468342.2000.11974159",
  ISSN =         "0746-8342 (print), 1931-1346 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0746-8342",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 14 09:52:54 MST 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/collegemathj.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07468342.2000.11974159",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "College Mathematics Journal",
  journal-URL =  "https://maa.tandfonline.com/loi/ucmj20;
                 https://www.jstor.org/journal/collmathj",
  onlinedate =   "30 Jan 2018",
}

@Article{Parijskij:2000:GMC,
  author =       "Y. N. Parijskij and V. K. Dubrovich",
  title =        "{Gamow} memorial conference {St. Petersburg} session",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-TRANS,
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "201--202",
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "AATREG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/10556790008238571",
  ISSN =         "1055-6796 (print), 1476-3540 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1055-6796",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26AT...19..201P",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gaat20",
}

@Book{Alpher:2001:GBB,
  author =       "Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman",
  title =        "Genesis of the {Big Bang}",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "256",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-19-511182-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-511182-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 29 08:21:11 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Big bang theory",
  tableofcontents = "An overview of the Big Bang model \\
                 Cosmology before the Big Bang model \\
                 Development of the current Big Bang model \\
                 Some alternatives proposed for the Big Bang model \\
                 The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation \\
                 Inflation and the very early Universe \\
                 Further discussion of alternatives --- The future of
                 the Universe \\
                 The anthropic principle",
}

@Article{Editors:2001:CBG,
  author =       "{The Editors}",
  title =        "Clarification: {{\booktitle{Genes, Girls and
                 Gamow}}}",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "414",
  number =       "6863",
  pages =        "487--487",
  day =          "29",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/35107153",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:34:00 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Judson:2001:BRH}.",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v414/n6863/full/414487b.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Article{Fara:2001:GPI,
  author =       "Patricia Fara",
  title =        "Group portraits {IV} --- the {Seventh Solvay
                 Conference} {[Bruxelles, 22--29 October 1933]}",
  journal =      j-ENDEAVOUR,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "137--138",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "ENDEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(00)01388-0",
  ISSN =         "0160-9327 (print), 1873-1929 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0160-9327",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 11 16:52:14 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Endeavour",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01609327",
  remark =       "From caption of Figure 1, photograph of conference
                 attendees: ``Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger (1); Ir{\`e}ne
                 Joliot-Curie (2); Niels Bohr (3); Abram Joff{\'e} (4);
                 Marie Curie (5); Paul Langevin (6); Owen Richardson
                 (7); Ernest Rutherford (8); Th{\'e}ophile de Donder
                 (9); Maurice de Broglie (10); Louis de Broglie (11);
                 Lise Meitner (12); James Chadwick (13). Standing: E.
                 Henriot (14); Francis Perrin (15); Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric
                 Joliot-Curie (16); Werner Heisenberg (17); Hendrik
                 Kramers (18); E. Stahel (19); Enrico Fermi (20); Ernest
                 Walton (21); Paul Dirac (22); Peter Debye (23); Nevil
                 Mott (24); B. Cabrera (25); George Gamow (26); Walter
                 Bothe (27); Patrick Blackett (28); M. Rosenblum (29);
                 J. Herrera (30); E. Bauer (31); Wolfgang Pauli (32); M.
                 Cosyns (33); J. Verschaffelt (34); E. Herzen (35); John
                 Cockcroft (36); Charles Ellis (37); Rudolf Peierls
                 (38); Auguste Picard (39); Ernest Lawrence (40);
                 L{\'e}on Rosenfeld (41)''",
}

@Article{Harper:2001:AGG,
  author =       "Eamon Harper",
  title =        "In appreciation: {George Gamow}: Scientific Amateur
                 and Polymath",
  journal =      j-PHYS-PERSPECT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "335--372",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "PHPEF2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000536",
  ISSN =         "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1422-6944",
  MRclass =      "01A70",
  MRnumber =     "1863195 (2002h:01030)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 27 20:49:55 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1422-6944&volume=3&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhP.....3..335H;
                 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/PL00000536;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/content/m0htmt9ww9b9jjv1/;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=1422-6944",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics in Perspective (PIP)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/16",
  keywords =     "alpha decay; Alpher; Bethe; big-bang; Bohr; Cavendish
                 Laboratory; Cockcroft and Walton; cosmic background
                 radiation; Edward Teller; Gamow; genetic code; Herman;
                 Lev Landau; liquid-drop model; Mr. Tompkins; nuclear
                 and thermonuclear reactions; Nuclear physics; Paul
                 Dirac; Rutherford; The George Washington University;
                 Urca process and supernovae; variation of gravitational
                 constant",
}

@Article{Judson:2001:BRH,
  author =       "Horace Freeland Judson",
  title =        "Book Review: {Honest Jim}: the sequel: Further
                 misadventures of one of the most influential scientists
                 of our day.{{\booktitle{Genes, Girls and Gamow}} by
                 James D. Watson}",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "413",
  number =       "6858",
  pages =        "775--776",
  day =          "25",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2001",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/35101634",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 08:42:15 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See editorial response \cite{Editors:2001:CBG}.",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v413/n6858/full/413775a0.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Book{Watson:2001:GGG,
  author =       "James D. Watson",
  title =        "Genes, girls, and {Gamow}",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xxvii + 275",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-19-850976-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-850976-9",
  LCCN =         "QD435.W373 W38 2001",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:13:45 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Follows on from Double helix.",
  subject =      "Watson, James D.; Molecular biologists; United States;
                 Biography",
  subject-dates = "1928--",
}

@Article{Abel:2002:FFS,
  author =       "Tom Abel and Greg L. Bryan and Michael L. Norman",
  title =        "The Formation of the First Star in the Universe",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "295",
  number =       "5552",
  pages =        "93--98",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "SCIEAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063991",
  ISSN =         "0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-8075",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 14:30:49 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/295/5552/93.abstract",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  eprint =       "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/295/5552/93.full.pdf",
  fjournal =     "Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
  remark =       "This paper reports a $3$D simulation of formation of
                 the first star.",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2002:BRB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Book Review: {\booktitle{The new world of Mr.
                 Tompkins}} / Cambridge University Press, 2001}",
  journal =      j-MONTHLY-NOT-ASTRON-SOC-SOUTH-AFRICA,
  volume =       "61",
  pages =        "78--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0024-8266 (print), 2224-8366 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 18:46:31 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002MNSSA..61...78G",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South
                 Africa",
}

@Article{Dyson:2002:BRB,
  author =       "Freeman J. Dyson",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Memoirs: A Twentieth-Century
                 Journey in Science and Politics}}. Edward Teller with
                 Judith Shoolery. 602 pp. Perseus, Cambridge, MA, 2001.
                 Price: \$35.00 ISBN 0-7382-0532-X}",
  journal =      j-AMER-J-PHYSICS,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "462--463",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "AJPIAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1456079",
  ISSN =         "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9505",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 14:28:25 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  URL =          "http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v70/i4/p462_s1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp",
  remark-1 =     "From page 462: ``But a historian should be familiar
                 with the fact that all human memories of past events
                 are unreliable. Memoirs are not history. They are the
                 raw material of history. Memoirs written by generals
                 and politicians are notoriously inaccurate. When I
                 wrote my own memoirs some years ago, I was amazed to
                 discover how many things I remembered that never
                 happened. Memory not only distorts but also
                 invents.''.",
  remark-2 =     "From page 463: ``Somebody at the University of Chicago
                 had asked [Merle] Tuve for an appraisal of Teller. Tuve
                 replied, `If you want a genius for your staff, don't
                 take [Edward] Teller, get [George] Gamow. But geniuses
                 are a dime a dozen. Teller is something much better. He
                 helps everybody. He works on everybody's problem. He
                 never gets into controversies or has trouble with
                 anyone. He is by far your best choice.' That was the
                 Teller I knew when I worked with him for three months
                 in 1956 on the design of a safe nuclear reactor. It was
                 easy to disagree fiercely about the details of the
                 reactor, as we often did, and remain friends.''",
  remark-3 =     "From the editors on page 464: ``Freeman Dyson is a
                 physicist and writer who has known Edward Teller for
                 fifty years, worked with him as a scientist, and shared
                 some of his unpopular opinions. Their most recent
                 collaboration occurred when they went together to
                 confront General Abrahamson, the boss of President
                 Reagan's Star Wars enterprise, and told the general
                 that the only way to make Star Wars technically honest
                 was to declassify it.''",
}

@Article{Hobson:2002:BRG,
  author =       "Art Hobson",
  title =        "Book Review: {George Gamow and Russell Stannard,
                 \booktitle{The New World of Mr Tompkins}. Cambridge,
                 United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1999, ix +
                 258 pages, \$24.95 (cloth), \$16.95 (paper)}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-PERSPECT,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "494--495",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "PHPEF2",
  ISSN =         "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1422-6944",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 28 11:58:09 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics in Perspective (PIP)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/16",
}

@InCollection{Kragh:2002:CCS,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  title =        "Cosmologies and Cosmogonies of Space and Time",
  crossref =     "Nye:2002:CHS",
  pages =        "522--537",
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 07:49:43 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Pages 530--531 are a section on Gamow's Big Bang.",
}

@Article{Okun:2002:KPF,
  author =       "L. B. Okun",
  title =        "Key Problems in Fundamental Physics: On the article of
                 {George Gamow, D. Ivanenko, and L. Landau, ``World
                 Constants and Limiting Transition''}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-AT-NUCL,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1370--1372",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "PANUEO",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1495649",
  ISSN =         "1063-7788 (print), 1562-692X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1063-7788",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:57:03 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gamow:1928:WCL,Gamow:2002:WCL}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/f27102121k72t261/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics of Atomic Nuclei",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11450",
}

@Article{Rubin:2002:IIM,
  author =       "Vera C. Rubin",
  title =        "Intuition and inspiration made {Gamow} a star turn",
  journal =      j-NATURE,
  volume =       "415",
  number =       "6867",
  pages =        "13--13",
  day =          "3",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "NATUAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1038/415013a",
  ISSN =         "0028-0836 (print), 1476-4687 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0028-0836",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 21:31:40 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v415/n6867/full/415013a.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Nature",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/",
}

@Book{Watson:2002:GGG,
  author =       "James D. Watson",
  title =        "Genes, Girls, and {Gamow}: After the Double Helix",
  publisher =    pub-KNOPF,
  address =      pub-KNOPF:adr,
  pages =        "xxix + 259",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-375-41283-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-375-41283-7",
  LCCN =         "QH435.W373 W38 2002",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:12:02 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/random053/2001038543.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/random042/2001038543.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/samples/random041/2001038543.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Watson, James D.; Molecular biologists; United States;
                 Biography",
}

@Article{Perlick:2003:BRB,
  author =       "Volker Perlick",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The New World of Mr.
                 Tompkins}}. By George Gamow and Russell Stannard.
                 Cambridge University Press, 270 p. ISBN 0-521-63009-6,
                 GBP16.95 (hardback 1999), ISBN 0-521-63992-1, GBP10.95
                 (paperback 2001)}",
  journal =      j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "143--145",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  CODEN =        "GRGVA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021319315088",
  ISSN =         "0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-7701",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:48:44 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003GReGr..35..143P;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/content/x82j5p752442k6l3/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "General Relativity and Gravitation",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10714",
}

@Book{Jones:2004:IGC,
  editor =       "Mark H. (Mark Henry) Jones and Robert J. Lambourne and
                 D. J. (David John) Adams and others",
  title =        "An introduction to galaxies and cosmology",
  publisher =    "Open University",
  address =      "Milton Keynes, UK",
  pages =        "vi + 442",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-521-83738-3, 0-521-54623-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-83738-5, 978-0-521-54623-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QB857 .I67 2004",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 07:45:44 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam051/2004301655.html;
                 http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam051/2004301655.html",
  abstract =     "This is an elementary university text about galaxies
                 and cosmology. It describes the structure and history
                 of the Milky Way and introduces normal and active
                 galaxies. A wide range of cosmological models are
                 presented, including a discussion of the Big Bang and
                 Universe expansion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "galaxies; textbooks; cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "Chapter 1. The Milky Way \\
                 our galaxy \\
                 An overview of the Milky Way \\
                 The mass of the Milky Way \\
                 The disc of the Milky Way \\
                 The stellar halo and bulge of the Milky Way \\
                 The formation and evolution of the Milky Way \\
                 Chapter 2. Normal galaxies \\
                 The classification of galaxies \\
                 The determination of the properties of galaxies \\
                 The determination of the distances of galaxies \\
                 The formation and evolution of galaxies \\
                 Chapter 3. Active galaxies \\
                 The spectra of galaxies \\
                 Types of active galaxies \\
                 The central engine \\
                 Models of active galaxies \\
                 Outstanding issues \\
                 Chapter 4. The spatial distribution of galaxies \\
                 The local group of galaxies \\
                 Clusters of galaxies \\
                 The large-scale distribution of galaxies \\
                 The spatial distribution of intergalactic gas and dark
                 matter \\
                 Describing cosmic structure \\
                 Chapter 5. Introducing cosmology \\
                 the science of the universe \\
                 The nature of the universe \\
                 Modelling the universe \\
                 The key parameters of the universe \\
                 Chapter 6. Big bang cosmology \\
                 the evolving universe \\
                 The thermal history of the universe \\
                 The early universe \\
                 Nucleosynthesis and the abundance of light elements \\
                 Recombination and the last scattering of photons \\
                 Gravitational clustering and the development of
                 structure \\
                 Chapter 7. Observational cosmology \\
                 measuring the universe \\
                 Measuring the Hubble constant, H[subscript 0] \\
                 Measuring the current value of the deceleration
                 parameter, q[subscript 0] \\
                 Measuring the current valves of the density parameters
                 $\Omega_{[\Lambda,0]}$, $Omega_{[m, 0]}$, and
                 $\Omega_{[b, 0]}$ \\
                 Anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background and
                 precision cosmology \\
                 Chapter 8. Questioning cosmology \\
                 outstanding problems about the universe \\
                 The nature of dark matter \\
                 The nature of dark energy \\
                 The horizon and flatness problems \\
                 The origin of structure \\
                 The matter of antimatter \\
                 Towards $t = 0$ \\
                 The anthropic universe \\
                 Epilogue",
}

@Article{Nanjundiah:2004:GGG,
  author =       "Vidyanand Nanjundiah",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and the genetic code",
  journal =      j-RESONANCE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "44--49",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "RESOFE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02903575",
  ISSN =         "0971-8044 (print), 0973-712X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 23:04:18 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/8r6775x6l6659700/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Resonance",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/12045",
}

@Article{Raychaudhury:2004:GSL,
  author =       "Somak Raychaudhury",
  title =        "And {Gamow} said, Let there be a Hot Universe",
  journal =      j-RESONANCE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "32--43",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2004",
  CODEN =        "RESOFE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02903574",
  ISSN =         "0971-8044 (print), 0973-712X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:53:31 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/q420320l5q4l4147/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Resonance",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/12045",
}

@Book{Singh:2004:BBO,
  author =       "Simon Singh",
  title =        "{Big Bang}: the origin of the universe",
  publisher =    "Fourth Estate",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "532",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-00-716220-0, 0-00-715251-5 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-00-716220-8, 978-0-00-715251-3 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QB991.B54 S56 2004",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 24 13:47:17 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.simonsingh.com/;
                 http://www.simonsingh.com/Big_Bang.html;
                 http://www.simonsingh.com/Big_Bang_Reviews.html",
  abstract =     "This book tells the story of the many brilliant, often
                 eccentric scientists who fought against the
                 establishment idea of an eternal and unchanging cosmos.
                 From such early Greek cosmologists as Anaximander to
                 recent satellite measurements taken deep in space, Big
                 Bang is a narrative full of anecdotes and personal
                 histories. Simon Singh tells the centuries-long story
                 of mankind's attempt to understand how the universe
                 came to be, a story which itself begins some 14 billion
                 years ago (give or take a billion years).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "George Gamow; Ralph Alpher; Robert Herman",
  remark =       "The book contains extensive discussions of the role of
                 George Gamow and his associates Ralph Alpher and Robert
                 Herman in the origins of the Big Bang idea.",
  subject =      "Big bang theory; General Relativity (physics);
                 Cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "Dedication \\
                 Epigraph \\
                 1: In the Beginning \\
                 2: Theories of the Universe \\
                 3: The Great Debate \\
                 4: Mavericks of the Cosmos \\
                 5: The Paradigm Shift \\
                 Epilogue \\
                 What is Science? \\
                 Glossary \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 Index",
  xxnote =       "Find new paperback edition from Quality Books (heard
                 interview on 17 December 2005 with Simon Singh on NPR
                 radio program), possibly ISBN 0-7394-5378-5.",
}

@Article{Anonymous:2005:CLB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Critique de livre: {{\booktitle{Il {\'e}tait sept Fois
                 La r{\'e}volution: Albert Einstein et les autres}}}",
  journal =      j-RECHERCHE,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "386",
  pages =        "11--??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "RCCHBV",
  ISSN =         "0029-5671 (print), 1625-9955 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-5671",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 06 17:35:11 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/majorana-ettore.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.larecherche.fr/idees/livres/il-etait-sept-fois-revolution-albert-einstein-autres-01-05-2005-73924",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "La Recherche",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.larecherche.fr/",
  keywords =     "George Gamow; Albert Einstein; Paul Dirac; Ettore
                 Majorana; Wolfgang Pauli; Paul Ehrenfest et Erwin
                 Schr{\"o}dinger",
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Beers:2005:DAV,
  author =       "Timothy C. Beers and Norbert Christlieb",
  title =        "The Discovery and Analysis of Very Metal-Poor Stars in
                 the Galaxy",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "531--580",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "ARAAAJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134057",
  ISSN =         "0066-4146 (print), 1545-4282 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4146",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 14:53:16 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134057",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/astro",
}

@Article{Cernobai:2005:GGC,
  author =       "V. Cernobai",
  title =        "{G. Gamow} and Calculability Problems of the World
                 Constants and the Life Code",
  journal =      "Odessa Astronomical Publications = Izvestija Odesskoj
                 Astronomi{\v{c}}eskoj Observatorii",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "21--24",
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1810-4215",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005OAP....17...21C",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "genetic code; quantum logic; world constants",
}

@Book{Klein:2005:ESF,
  author =       "Etienne Klein",
  title =        "Il {\'e}tait sept fois la r{\'e}volution: {Albert
                 Einstein} et les autres \ldots{}. ({French}) [{The}
                 seven-times revolution: {Albert Einstein} and the
                 others \ldots{}]",
  publisher =    "Flammarion",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "237",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "2-08-210343-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-2-08-210343-5",
  LCCN =         "QC16.E5",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 9 10:56:53 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "George Gamow; Albert Einstein; Paul Dirac; Ettore
                 Majorana; Wolfgang Pauli; Paul Ehrenfest; Erwin
                 Schr{\"o}dinger",
  language =     "French",
  subject =      "Einstein, Albert; Nuclear physics; History",
  subject-dates = "1879--1955",
}

@InCollection{Kragh:2005:GGF,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and the `Factual Approach' to
                 Relativistic Cosmology",
  crossref =     "Kox:2005:UGR",
  pages =        "175--188",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/0-8176-4454-7_11",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 23:12:20 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  series =       "Einstein Studies",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ugr..book..175K",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Raychaudhury:2005:GSL,
  author =       "Somak Raychaudhury",
  title =        "And {Gamow} said, let there be a hot universe",
  journal =      j-RESONANCE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "220--231",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "RESOFE",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02835146",
  ISSN =         "0971-8044 (print), 0973-712X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:53:31 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/w68448111t66883q/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Resonance",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/12045",
}

@Article{Ryabov:2005:GYO,
  author =       "M. I. Ryabov",
  title =        "{Gamow}'s Year in {Odessa}",
  journal =      "Odessa Astronomical Publications = Izvestija Odesskoj
                 Astronomi{\v{c}}eskoj Observatorii",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "5--7",
  year =         "2005",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1810-4215",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005OAP....17....5R",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Righetti:2006:ABG,
  author =       "Pier Giorgio Righetti",
  title =        "The {Alpher}, {Bethe}, {Gamow} of isoelectric
                 focusing, the alpha-{Centaury} of electrokinetic
                 methodologies. {Part I}",
  journal =      j-ELECTROPHORESIS,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5--6",
  pages =        "923--938",
  day =          "5--6",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "ELCTDN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200500525",
  ISSN =         "0173-0835 (print), 1522-2683 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0173-0835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 4 14:49:12 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Electrophoresis (ELE)",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2683",
  onlinedate =   "27 Jan 2006",
}

@Article{Ryabov:2006:GSS,
  author =       "M. I. Ryabov",
  title =        "{The 6th Gamow Summer School: Astronomy and Beyond:
                 Astrophysics, Cosmology, Radioastronomy,
                 Astrobiology}",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-TRANS,
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "359--361",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "AATREG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/10556790601179826",
  ISSN =         "1055-6796 (print), 1476-3540 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1055-6796",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A%26AT...25..359R",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gaat20",
}

@InProceedings{Bernardini:2007:CGR,
  author =       "M. G. Bernardini and C. L. Bianco and P. Chardonnet
                 and F. Fraschetti and R. Ruffini and S.-S. Xue",
  title =        "Cosmic gamma ray bursts: the brightest stars of the
                 {Universe}. {In} memory of {George Gamow}: a bright
                 physicist",
  crossref =     "Bisnovatyi-Kogan:2007:ACA",
  pages =        "153--??",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007acag.conf..153B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Carroll:2007:IMA,
  author =       "Bradley W. Carroll and Dale A. Ostlie",
  title =        "An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics",
  publisher =    "Pearson Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "San Francisco, CA, USA",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "0-8053-0402-9, 0-321-44284-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8053-0402-2, 978-0-321-44284-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QB461 .C35 2007",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 07:54:59 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0613/2006015391.html;
                 http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/512485305.PDF",
  abstract =     "An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, Second Edition
                 has been thoroughly revised to reflect the dramatic
                 changes and advancements in astrophysics that have
                 occurred over the past decade. The Second Edition of
                 this market-leading book has been updated to include
                 the latest results from relevant fields of astrophysics
                 and advances in our theoretical understanding of
                 astrophysical phenomena. The Tools of Astronomy: The
                 Celestial Sphere, Celestial Mechanics, The Continuous
                 Spectrum of Light, The Theory of Special Relativity,
                 The Interaction of Light and Matter, Telescopes; The
                 Nature of Stars: Binary Systems and Stellar Parameters,
                 The Classification of Stellar Spectra, Stellar
                 Atmospheres, The Interiors of Stars, The Sun, The
                 Process of Star Formation, Post-Main-Sequence Stellar
                 Evolution, Stellar Pulsation, Supernovae, The
                 Degenerate Remnants of Stars, Black Holes, Close Binary
                 Star Systems; Planetary Systems: Physical Processes in
                 the Solar System, The Terrestrial Planets, The Jovian
                 Worlds, Minor Bodies of the Solar System, The Formation
                 of Planetary Systems; Galaxies and the Universe: The
                 Milky Way Galaxy, The Nature of Galaxies, Galactic
                 Evolution, The Structure of the Universe, Active
                 Galaxies, Cosmology, The Early Universe; Astronomical
                 and Physical Constants, Unit Conversions Between SI and
                 cgs, Solar System Data, The Constellations, The
                 Brightest Stars, The Nearest Stars, Stellar Data, The
                 Messier Catalog, Constants, A Constants Module for
                 Fortran 95 (Available as a C++ header file), Orbits, A
                 Planetary Orbit Code (Available as Fortran 95 and C++
                 command line versions, and Windows GUI), TwoStars, A
                 Binary Star Code (Generates synthetic light and radial
                 velocity curves; available as Fortran 95 and C++
                 command line versions, and Windows GUI), StatStar, A
                 Stellar Structure Code (Available as Fortran 95 and C++
                 command line versions, and Windows GUI), StatStar,
                 Stellar Models, Galaxy, A Tidal Interaction Code
                 (Available as Java), WMAP Data. For all readers
                 interested in morden astrophysics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Astrophysics; Textbooks",
  tableofcontents = "I The Tools of Astronomy 1 \\
                 1 The Celestial Sphere 2 \\
                 1.1 The Greek Tradition 2 \\
                 1.2 The Copernican Revolution 5 \\
                 1.3 Positions on the Celestial Sphere 8 \\
                 1.4 Physics and Astronomy 19 \\
                 2 Celestial Mechanics 23 \\
                 2.1 Elliptical Orbits 23 \\
                 2.2 Newtonian Mechanics 29 \\
                 2.3 Kepler's Laws Derived 39 \\
                 2.4 The Virial Theorem 50 \\
                 3 The Continuous Spectrum of Light 57 \\
                 3.1 Stellar Parallax 57 \\
                 3.2 The Magnitude Scale 60 \\
                 3.3 The Wave Nature of Light 63 \\
                 3.4 Blackbody Radiation 68 \\
                 3.5 The Quantization of Energy 71 \\
                 3.6 The Color Index 75 \\
                 4 The Theory of Special Relativity 84 \\
                 4.1 The Failure of the Galilean Transformations 84 \\
                 4.2 The Lorentz Transformations 87 \\
                 4.3 Time and Space in Special Relativity 92 \\
                 4.4 Relativistic Momentum and Energy 102 \\
                 5 The Interaction of Light and Matter 111 \\
                 5.1 Spectral Lines 111 \\
                 5.2 Photons 116 \\
                 5.3 The Bohr Model of the Atom 119 \\
                 5.4 Quantum Mechanics and Wave-Particle Duality 127 \\
                 6 Telescopes 141 \\
                 6.1 Basic Optics 141 \\
                 6.2 Optical Telescopes 154 \\
                 6.3 Radio Telescopes 161 \\
                 6.4 Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Gamma-Ray
                 Astronomy 167 \\
                 6.5 All-Sky Surveys and Virtual Observatories 170 \\
                 II The Nature of Stars 179 \\
                 7 Binary Systems and Stellar Parameters 180 \\
                 7.1 The Classification of Binary Stars 180 \\
                 7.2 Mass Determination Using Visual Binaries 183 \\
                 7.3 Eclipsing, Spectroscopic Binaries 186 \\
                 7.4 The Search for Extrasolar Planets 195 \\
                 8 The Classification of Stellar Spectra 202 \\
                 8.1 The Formation of Spectral Lines 202 \\
                 8.2 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 219 \\
                 9 Stellar Atmospheres 231 \\
                 9.1 The Description of the Radiation Field 231 \\
                 9.2 Stellar Opacity 238 \\
                 9.3 Radiative Transfer 251 \\
                 9.4 The Transfer Equation 255 \\
                 9.5 The Profiles of Spectral Lines 267 \\
                 10 The Interiors of Stars 284 \\
                 10.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium 284 \\
                 10.2 Pressure Equation of State 288 \\
                 10.3 Stellar Energy Sources 296 \\
                 10.4 Energy Transport and Thermodynamics 315 \\
                 10.5 Stellar Model Building 329 \\
                 10.6 The Main Sequence 340 \\
                 11 The Sun 349 \\
                 11.1 The Solar Interior 349 \\
                 11.2 The Solar Atmosphere 360 \\
                 11.3 The Solar Cycle 381 \\
                 12 The Interstellar Medium and Star Formation 398 \\
                 12.1 Interstellar Dust and Gas 398 \\
                 12.2 The Formation of Protostars 412 \\
                 12.3 Pre-Main-Sequence Evolution 425 \\
                 13 Main Sequence and Post-Main-Sequence Stellar
                 Evolution 446 \\
                 13.1 Evolution on the Main Sequence 446 \\
                 13.2 Late Stages of Stellar Evolution 457 \\
                 13.3 Stellar Clusters 474 \\
                 14 Stellar Pulsation 483 \\
                 14.1 Observations of Pulsating Stars 483 \\
                 14.2 The Physics of Stellar Pulsation 491 \\
                 14.3 Modeling Stellar Pulsation 499 \\
                 14.4 Nonradial Stellar Pulsation 503 \\
                 14.5 Helioseismology and Asteroseismology 509 \\
                 15 The Fate of Massive Stars 518 \\
                 15.1 Post-Main-Sequence Evolution of Massive Stars 518
                 \\
                 15.2 The Classification of Supernovae 524 \\
                 15.3 Core-Collapse Supernovae 529 \\
                 15.4 Gamma-Ray Bursts 543 \\
                 15.5 Cosmic Rays 550 \\
                 16 The Degenerate Remnants of Stars 557 \\
                 16.1 The Discovery of Sirius B 557 \\
                 16.2 White Dwarfs 559 \\
                 16.3 The Physics of Degenerate Matter 563 \\
                 16.4 The Chandrasekhar Limit 569 \\
                 16.5 The Cooling of White Dwarfs 572 \\
                 16.6 Neutron Stars 578 \\
                 16.7 Pulsars 586 \\
                 17 General Relativity and Black Holes 609 \\
                 17.1 The General Theory of Relativity 609 \\
                 17.2 Intervals and Geodesics 622 \\
                 17.3 Black Holes 633 \\
                 18 Close Binary Star Systems 653 \\
                 18.1 Gravity in a Close Binary Star System 653 \\
                 18.2 Accretion Disks 661 \\
                 18.3 A Survey of Interacting Binary Systems 668 \\
                 18.4 White Dwarfs in Semidetached Binaries 673 \\
                 18.5 Type Ia Supernovae 686 \\
                 18.6 Neutron Stars and Black Holes in Binaries 689 \\
                 III The Solar System 713 \\
                 19 Physical Processes in the Solar System 714 \\
                 19.1 A Brief Survey 714 \\
                 19.2 Tidal Forces 719 \\
                 19.3 The Physics of Atmospheres 724 \\
                 20 The Terrestrial Planets 737 \\
                 20.1 Mercury 737 \\
                 20.2 Venus 740 \\
                 20.3 Earth 745 \\
                 20.4 The Moon 754 \\
                 20.5 Mars 762 \\
                 21 The Realms of the Giant Planets 775 \\
                 21.1 The Giant Worlds 775 \\
                 21.2 The Moons of the Giants 790 \\
                 21.3 Planetary Ring Systems 801 \\
                 22 Minor Bodies of the Solar System 813 \\
                 22.1 Pluto and Charon 813 \\
                 22.2 Comets and Kuiper Belt Objects 816 \\
                 22.3 Asteroids 830 \\
                 22.4 Meteorites 838 \\
                 23 Formation of Planetary Systems 848 \\
                 23.1 Characteristics of Extrasolar Planetary Systems
                 848 \\
                 23.2 Planetary System Formation and Evolution 857 \\
                 IV Galaxies and the Universe 873 \\
                 24 The Milky Way Galaxy 874 \\
                 24.1 Counting the Stars in the Sky 874 \\
                 24.2 The Morphology of the Galaxy 881 \\
                 24.3 The Kinematics of the Milky Way 898 \\
                 24.4 The Galactic Center 922 \\
                 25 The Nature of Galaxies 940 \\
                 25.1 The Hubble Sequence 940 \\
                 25.2 Spiral and Irregular Galaxies 948 \\
                 25.3 Spiral Structure 964 \\
                 25.4 Elliptical Galaxies 983 \\
                 26 Galactic Evolution 999 \\
                 26.1 Interactions of Galaxies 999 \\
                 26.2 The Formation of Galaxies 1016 \\
                 27 The Structure of the Universe 1038 \\
                 27.1 The Extragalactic Distance Scale 1038 \\
                 27.2 The Expansion of the Universe 1052 \\
                 27.3 Clusters of Galaxies 1058 \\
                 28 Active Galaxies 1085 \\
                 28.1 Observations of Active Galaxies 1085 \\
                 28.2 A Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei 1108 \\
                 28.3 Radio Lobes and Jets 1122 \\
                 28.4 Using Quasars to Probe the Universe 1130 \\
                 29 Cosmology 1144 \\
                 29.1 Newtonian Cosmology 1144 \\
                 29.2 The Cosmic Microwave Background 1162 \\
                 29.3 Relativistic Cosmology 1183 \\
                 29.4 Observational Cosmology 1199 \\
                 30 The Early Universe 1230 \\
                 30.1 The Very Early Universe and Inflation 1230 \\
                 30.2 The Origin of Structure 1247 \\
                 A Astronomical and Physical Constants \\
                 B Unit Conversions \\
                 C Solar System Data A-1 \\
                 D The Constellations A-3 \\
                 E The Brightest Stars A-5 \\
                 F The Nearest Stars A-7 \\
                 G Stellar Data A-9 \\
                 H The Messier Catalog A-13 \\
                 I Constants, A Programming Module A-16 \\
                 J Orbit, A Planetary Orbit Code A-17 \\
                 K TwoStars, A Binary Star Code A-18 \\
                 L StatStar, A Stellar Structure Code A-23 \\
                 M Galaxy, A Tidal Interaction Code A-26 \\
                 N WMAP Data A-29",
}

@InProceedings{Demiannski:2007:GGG,
  author =       "M. Demia{\'n}ski",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and the genetic code",
  crossref =     "Bisnovatyi-Kogan:2007:ACA",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "65--??",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007acag.conf...65D",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Garrity:2007:GGL,
  author =       "Peter Garrity",
  title =        "The Galloping {Gamows}: In Living Technicolor",
  howpublished = "Documentary film (77 minutes)",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:06:20 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1578747/;
                 http://wwwbooksurge.com/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Harmon:2007:SLG,
  editor =       "Joseph E. Harmon and Alan G. Gross",
  title =        "The scientific literature: a guided tour",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 327",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "0-226-31655-6 (hardcover), 0-226-31656-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-31655-0 (hardcover), 978-0-226-31656-7
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "Q225.5 .S35 2007",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 07:54:59 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0701/2006016547-t.html;
                 http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0707/2006016547-b.html;
                 http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0707/2006016547-d.html",
  abstract =     "Excerpts from scientific writings that illustrate the
                 evolution of the scientific article from its origin in
                 1665 till today. Includes commentaries explaining the
                 context and communication strategy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Scientific literature; History; Communication in
                 science; Science; 17th century; 18th century; 19th
                 century; 20th century; 21st century",
  tableofcontents = "List of illustrations \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Part 1: First English periodical \\
                 Early books and letters \\
                 Robert Boyle: New experiments physico-mechanicall
                 (1660) \\
                 Robert Hooke: Micrographia (1665) \\
                 Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek: Anatomy of fleas (1693) \\
                 Philosophical transactions \\
                 Henry Oldenburg and Christiaan Huygens:
                 Pendulum-watches at sea (1665) \\
                 Adrien Auzout: Apertures of object glasses (1665) \\
                 Henry Oldenburg: Transfusion (1667) \\
                 Experiments about respiration (1670) \\
                 Isaac Newton: Theory of light and colors (1672) \\
                 Isaac Newton: Answer to letter from Pardies (1672) \\
                 Mr. Toyard: Sieur Bernier's flying machine (1681) \\
                 Martin Lister: English vegetables (1697) \\
                 John Arbuthnot: Argument for divine providence (1710)
                 \\
                 Benjamin Franklin: Effects of electricity in paralytic
                 cases (1758) \\
                 Henry Cavendish: Experiments on air (1784) \\
                 Caroline Herschel: New comet (1787) \\
                 On Early English scientific writing \\
                 Thomas Sprat: History of the Royal Society (1667) \\
                 Robert Boyle: Considerations touching experimental
                 essays (1661) \\
                 John Hill: Works of the Royal Society (1751) Part 2:
                 First French periodicals \\
                 Concerning the Royal Academy in Paris \\
                 Jean-Baptiste Du Hamel and Bernard De Fontenelle:
                 History of the Royal Academy (1733) \\
                 Journal of the learned \\
                 Anonymous: Letter written from Oxford (1665) \\
                 Anonymous: Review of Anatomical Description (1669) \\
                 Ole Roemer: Speed of light (1676) \\
                 Anonymous: Review of Principia (1688) \\
                 Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences \\
                 Denis Dodart: History of plants (1676) \\
                 Jean M{\'e}my: Two fetuses enclosed in the same
                 membrane (1693) \\
                 Antoine De Jussieu: Corispermum Hyssopifolium (1712)
                 \\
                 {\'E}tienne Fran{\c{c}}ois Geoffroy: Different
                 relationship observed in chemistry (1718) \\
                 Pierre-Louis Moreau De Maupertuis: the figure of the
                 earth (1737) \\
                 Comte De Buffon: Conservation and re-establishment of
                 forests (1739) \\
                 Nicolas Desmarest: Nature of prismatic basalt (1771)
                 \\
                 Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier: Combustion (1771) \\
                 Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier: Modern horizontal beds
                 deposited by the sea (1789) \\
                 Part 3: Internalization and specialization \\
                 German literature \\
                 Gottfried Leibniz: Calculation of various dimensions of
                 figures (1684) \\
                 Maria Sibylla Merian: Metamorphosis of insects (1705)
                 \\
                 Johann Heinrich Lambert: Measurement of humidity (1769)
                 \\
                 Anonymous: Review of Three Letters on Mineralogy
                 (1790)American literature \\
                 Benjamin Smith Barton: American species of Dipus (1799)
                 \\
                 Thomas Jefferson: Bones of quadruped of the clawed kind
                 (1799) \\
                 Caspar Wistar: Description of bones deposited by
                 President (1799) \\
                 Thomas Say: North American insects of the genus
                 Cicindela (1818) \\
                 Joseph Henry: Production of currents and sparks of
                 electricity (1832) \\
                 Oliver Wendell Holmes: Contagiousness of puerperal
                 fever (1843) \\
                 Joseph Lister: Antiseptic principle (1867) \\
                 Specialized literature: biology \\
                 Anonymous: Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis (1791) \\
                 T. H. Huxley: Review of Vestiges (1854) \\
                 Charles Lyell and J. D. Hooker: Papers by Darwin and
                 Wallace (1858) \\
                 Specialized literature: physics \\
                 Julius Robert Mayer: Forces of inorganic nature (1842)
                 \\
                 Rudolf Clausius: Nature of motion we call heat (1857)
                 \\
                 Specialized literature: chemistry \\
                 Friedrich W{\"o}hler: Alcoholic fermentation (1839) \\
                 Archibald Scott Couper: New chemical theory (1858) \\
                 Hermann Kolbe: ``Modern'' chemistry (1871) Part 4:
                 Select Pre-modern classics \\
                 Earth science \\
                 James Hutton: Theory of the earth (1788) \\
                 John Playfair: Account of James Hutton (1805) \\
                 Biological sciences \\
                 Alfred Russel Wallace: Tendency of varieties to depart
                 from the original (1858) \\
                 Gregor Mendel: Plant hybridization (1866) \\
                 Medical science \\
                 Rudolf Virchow: Cellular pathology (1855) \\
                 Louis Pasteur: Germ theory (1880) \\
                 Robert Koch: Etiology of tuberculosis (1882) \\
                 Chemistry \\
                 J{\"o}ns Jacob Berzelius: Cause of chemical proportions
                 (1814) \\
                 Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen: Analysis by
                 observations of spectra (1860) \\
                 August Kekul{\'e}: Composition of aromatics (1865) \\
                 Dimitri Ivanovich Mendeleev: Properties and atomic
                 weights of the elements (1869) \\
                 Physics \\
                 James Clerk Maxwell: Faraday's lines of force (1855)
                 \\
                 Wilhelm Conrad R{\"o}ntgen: New kind of ray (1895) \\
                 Pierre Curie, Marie Sklodowska Curie, and G.
                 B{\'e}mont: New, strongly radioactive substance (1898)
                 Part 5: Equations, tables, and pictures \\
                 Equations \\
                 Albert Einstein: Does the inertia of a body depend on
                 energy content? (1905) \\
                 G. H. Hardy: Mendelian proportions in a mixed
                 population (1908) \\
                 Tables \\
                 Jean Perrin: Brownian motion and molecular reality
                 (1909) \\
                 David Weaver et al.: Endogenous immunoglobulin gene
                 expression (1986) \\
                 Pictures \\
                 Alfred Wegener: Origin of continents (1912) \\
                 C. T. R. Wilson: Tracks of ionizing particles (1912)
                 \\
                 R. P. Feynman: Space-time approach to quantum
                 electrodynamics (1949) \\
                 Linus Pauling et al.: Structure of proteins (1951) \\
                 H. B. Whittington: The enigmatic animal Opabinia
                 Regalis (1975) \\
                 Christiane N{\"u}sslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus:
                 Mutations in Drosophila (1980) \\
                 Michael B. Eisen et al.: Genome-wide expression
                 patterns (1998) \\
                 J. K. Webb et al.: Fine structure constant (2001) \\
                 J. Richard Gott III et al.: Map of the universe (2003)
                 \\
                 Part 6: Organizing scientific arguments \\
                 Beginning \\
                 Milan N. Stojanovic and Darko Stefanovic:
                 Deoxyribozyme-based molecular automaton (2003) \\
                 M. K. Wu et al.: Superconductivity at 93 K (1987) \\
                 Middle \\
                 Oliver H. Lowry et al.: Protein measurement (1951) \\
                 Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. McLeod, and Macyln McCarty
                 Transformation of pneumococcal types (1944) \\
                 End \\
                 Motoo Kimura: Evolutionary rate at molecular level
                 (1968) \\
                 M. Gell-Mann: Model of baryons and mesons (1964) \\
                 Percy L. Julian and Joseph Pikl: Studies in the indole
                 series (1935) \\
                 From start to finish \\
                 Chien Liu et al.: Halted light pulses (2001) Part 7:
                 Scientific writing style: norms and perturbations \\
                 Norms \\
                 W. Baade and F. Zwicky: Supernovae and cosmic rays
                 (1934) \\
                 E. G. Bligh and W. J. Dyer: Lipid extraction and
                 purification (1959) \\
                 F. Sanger et al.: Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage
                 (1977) \\
                 J. Guillermo Paez et al.: EGFR mutations in lung cancer
                 (2004) \\
                 Perturbations: playfulness \\
                 R. A. Alpher, H. Bethe, and G. Gamow: Origin of
                 chemical elements (1948) \\
                 A. T. Wilson and M. Calvin: Photosynthetic cycle (1955)
                 \\
                 J. F. Bunnett and F. J. Kearley: Mobility of halogens
                 (1971) \\
                 H. M. Shapiro: Fluorescent dyes (177) \\
                 Anonymous: Hotter than hell (1972) \\
                 Perturbations: belligerence \\
                 H. Dingle: Science and modern cosmology (1953) \\
                 R. G. Breene: Erratum (1967) \\
                 V. V. Beloussov: Against ocean-floor spreading (1970)
                 \\
                 Perturbations: writing with style \\
                 William Thomson: Blue ray of sunrise (1899) \\
                 Hugh M. Smith: Synchronous flashing of fireflies (1935)
                 \\
                 V. Nabokov: New or little known Nearctic neonympha
                 (1942) \\
                 S. J. Gould and R. C. Lewontin: Spandrels of San Marco
                 (1979) \\
                 Barbara McClintock: Responses of the genome (1984) \\
                 P. J. E. Peebles and Joseph Silk: Cosmic book of
                 phenomena (1990) \\
                 Andrew Wiles: Fermat's last theorem (1995) Part 8:
                 Controversy at work: two case studies \\
                 Evolution controversy \\
                 R. A. Fisher and E. B. Ford: Spread of a gene in
                 natural conditions (1947) \\
                 Sewall Wright: Genetics of populations (1948) \\
                 R. A. Fisher and E. B. Ford: The ``Sewall Wright
                 effect'' (1949) \\
                 Sewall Wright: Fisher and Ford on ``The Sewall Wright
                 effect'' (1951) \\
                 Dream controversy \\
                 Sigmund Freud: Interpretation of dreams (1900) \\
                 Seymour Fisher and Roger P. Greenberg: Credibility of
                 Freud's theories (1977) \\
                 J. Allan Hobson and Robert W. McCarley: Brain as a
                 dream state generator (1977) \\
                 Robert W. McCarley and J. Allan Hobson: Psychoanalytic
                 dream theory (1977) \\
                 Antony L. Labruzza: Activation-synthesis hypothesis of
                 dreams (1978) \\
                 Gerald W. Vogel: Alternative view of the neurobiology
                 of dreaming (1978) \\
                 Gordon G. Globus: Dream content: random or meaningful
                 (1991)\\
                 Part 9: Select modern classics \\
                 Discovering crucial facts \\
                 T. H. Morgan: Sex limited inheritance in Drosophila
                 (1910) \\
                 J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick: Structure of DNA
                 (1953) \\
                 H. W. Kroto et al.: Buckminsterfullerene (1985) \\
                 Providing theoretical explanations \\
                 H. J. Muller: Change in the gene (1922) \\
                 Edwin Hubble: Relation between distance and velocity
                 among nebulae (1929) \\
                 Lise Meitner and O. R. Frisch: Disintegration of
                 uranium by neutrons (1939) \\
                 Raymond Davis: Solar neutrinos (1964) \\
                 Performing thought experiments \\
                 A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen:
                 Quantum-mechanical description (1935) \\
                 Turning to technology \\
                 Enrico Fermi: First chain reacting pile (1946) \\
                 International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium: Human
                 genome (2001) \\
                 Bibliography \\
                 Fifty books we recommend in science studies \\
                 Secondary literature sources \\
                 World Wide Web resources \\
                 Permissions \\
                 Acknowledgments \\
                 Index",
}

@Article{Harwit:2007:ORA,
  author =       "Martin Harwit",
  title =        "Obituary: {Ralph Asher Alpher}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "60",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "67--68",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2825079",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 11 08:52:26 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v60/i12/p67_s1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
  keywords =     "Edwin Hubble; George Gamow",
  remark-1 =     "From page 67: ``The calculations they [Ralph Alpher
                 and Robert Herman] had started on the chemical
                 abundances culminated in their now-classic
                 \booktitle{Physical Review} paper published in 1953
                 with Johns Hopkins colleague James Follin Jr.
                 [\cite{Alpher:1953:PCI}]. That effort also fared badly,
                 coming under immediate attack by supporters of the
                 steady-state theory of cosmology, who claimed that the
                 abundances of all elements could be explained by
                 nucleosynthesis in stars; they considered the `Big
                 Bang' a fiction.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 68: ``The Nobel Prize has twice been awarded
                 for work on the background radiation, but neither
                 Alpher nor Herman was included. The Gruber Foundation,
                 which inaugurated a munificent annual prize for cos-
                 mology in 2000, never recognized Alpher's contributions
                 during any of the eight years he was eligible.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 68: ``Two weeks before his death, Alpher's
                 son Victor represented him at the White House, where
                 President Bush awarded Ralph Alpher the National Medal
                 of Science, the highest scientific honor the US
                 bestows.''",
}

@InProceedings{Novikov:2007:GGD,
  author =       "I. D. Novikov",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and the discovery of cosmic microwave
                 background radiation",
  crossref =     "Bisnovatyi-Kogan:2007:ACA",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "25--??",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007acag.conf...25N",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Pustylnik:2007:RGG,
  author =       "I. B. Pustylnik",
  title =        "Reflections on {George Gamow}'s unique scientific
                 legacy and personality",
  crossref =     "Bisnovatyi-Kogan:2007:ACA",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "9--??",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007acag.conf....9P",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ranyuk:2007:GGN,
  author =       "Y. Ranyuk and O. Shevchenko and P. Josephson",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and nuclear physics in {Ukraine}",
  crossref =     "Bisnovatyi-Kogan:2007:ACA",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "71--??",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007acag.conf...71R",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Righetti:2007:ABG,
  author =       "Pier Giorgio Righetti",
  title =        "The {Alpher}, {Bethe} and {Gamow} of {IEF}, the
                 alpha-{Centaury} of electrokinetic methodologies. {Part
                 II}: {Immobilized pH} gradients",
  journal =      j-ELECTROPHORESIS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "545--555",
  day =          "4",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "ELCTDN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200600256",
  ISSN =         "0173-0835 (print), 1522-2683 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0173-0835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 4 14:49:12 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Electrophoresis (ELE)",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2683",
  onlinedate =   "15 Feb 2007",
}

@InCollection{Scott:2007:GGG,
  author =       "Douglas Scott",
  title =        "{Gamow, George [Georgiy] (Antonovich)}",
  crossref =     "Hockey:2007:BEA",
  pages =        "403--404 (part 7)",
  year =         "2007",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_496",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:45:49 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Shapiro:2007:GGG,
  author =       "M. M. Shapiro",
  title =        "{George Gamow} --- a giant in 20th century science",
  crossref =     "Bisnovatyi-Kogan:2007:ACA",
  pages =        "5--??",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007acag.conf....5S",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Terlevich:2007:GLP,
  author =       "E. Terlevich and R. Terlevich and V. Luridiana",
  title =        "{Gamow} legacy and the primordial abundance of light
                 elements",
  crossref =     "Bisnovatyi-Kogan:2007:ACA",
  pages =        "37--??",
  year =         "2007",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007acag.conf...37T",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  eprint =       "arXiv:astro-ph/0701744",
}

@Article{Marateck:2008:LEA,
  author =       "Samuel L. Marateck",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {Alpher, Bethe, Gamow}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "11--12",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2982103",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 11 20:45:27 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v61/i9/p11_s1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
  remark =       "Comment on \cite{Harwit:2007:ORA} and Alpher's
                 unhappiness with including Bethe's name on
                 \cite{Alpher:1948:OCE}, which was the key paper from
                 Alpher's doctoral work.",
}

@Article{Mishra:2008:QMR,
  author =       "Subodha Mishra",
  title =        "A Quantum Mechanical Relation Connecting Time,
                 Temperature, and Cosmological Constant of the Universe:
                 {Gamow}'s Relation Revisited as a Special Case",
  journal =      j-INT-J-THEOR-PHYS,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2655--2662",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "IJTPBM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-008-9702-5",
  ISSN =         "0020-7748 (print), 1572-9575 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-7748",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:54:48 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008IJTP...47.2655M;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/content/u7l40761x0351734/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  eprint =       "arXiv:physics/0703175",
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Theoretical Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10773",
  keywords =     "Cosmological constant, Cosmology, Self-gravitating
                 systems",
}

@Article{Sneden:2008:NCE,
  author =       "Christopher Sneden and John J. Cowan and Roberto
                 Gallino",
  title =        "Neutron-Capture Elements in the Early Galaxy",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "241--288",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "ARAAAJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145207",
  ISSN =         "0066-4146 (print), 1545-4282 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4146",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 14:52:26 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145207",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/astro",
}

@Article{Turner:2008:PCA,
  author =       "Michael S. Turner",
  title =        "From $ \alpha \beta \gamma $ to precision cosmology:
                 The amazing legacy of a wrong paper",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "8--9",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3047639",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 10:54:59 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "This is a retrospective of influence the famous paper
                 \cite{Alpher:1948:OCE} on the origin of the chemical
                 elements, and the Big Bang theory of the evolution of
                 the Universe. See also comments \cite{Amett:2009:HHN}.
                 The correct theory of the origin of the elements
                 appears in \cite{Burbidge:1957:SES}.",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/PHTOAD/v61/i12",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Book{Weinberg:2008:C,
  author =       "Steven Weinberg",
  title =        "Cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 593",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-19-852682-2 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-852682-7 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .W475 2008",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 07:45:44 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  abstract =     "This is a uniquely comprehensive and detailed
                 treatment of the theoretical and observational
                 foundations of modern cosmology, by a Nobel Laureate in
                 Physics. It gives up-to-date and self contained
                 accounts of the theories and observations that have
                 made the past few decades a golden age of cosmology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "The expansion of the universe \\
                 The cosmic microwave radiation background \\
                 The early universe \\
                 Inflation \\
                 General theory of small fluctuations \\
                 Evolution of cosmological fluctuations \\
                 Anisotropies in the microwave sky \\
                 The growth of structure \\
                 Gravitational lenses \\
                 Inflation as the origin of cosmological fluctuations",
}

@Article{Amett:2009:HHN,
  author =       "David Amett and George Wallerstein and Ken Croswell
                 and Michael S. Turner",
  title =        "$ \alpha \beta \gamma $, {Hoyle}, and the history of
                 nucleosynthesis",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "10--11",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3141922",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 11:05:10 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Alpher:1948:OCE,Turner:2008:PCA}",
  URL =          "http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v62/i5/p10_s1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Brown:2009:HAB,
  author =       "Gerald E. Brown and Sabine Lee",
  title =        "{Hans Albrecht Bethe: July 2, 1906--March 6, 2005}",
  journal =      j-BIOGR-MEM-NAT-ACAD-SCI,
  volume =       "91",
  pages =        "31--56",
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "BMNSAC",
  ISBN =         "0-309-14560-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-309-14560-2",
  ISSN =         "0077-2933",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 08 11:33:01 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12776",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Biographical memoirs --- National Academy of Sciences
                 of the United States of America",
  remark-1 =     "From pages 31--32: ``Many other of his discoveries
                 would have been worthy of a Nobel Prize, for instance,
                 his work on the Lamb Shift or the `Bethe Ansatz'.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 44: ``Bethe could identify the essential
                 physics and see the light at the end of the tunnel.
                 Once he had focused on that light, he would move toward
                 it, undeterred by temporary obstacles and helped by his
                 formidable mathematical mind and his prodigious memory,
                 which gave him a command and control over the entire
                 discipline that was second to none.''",
}

@Article{Hufbauer:2009:GG,
  author =       "Karl Hufbauer",
  title =        "{George Gamow: March 4, 1904--August 19, 1968}",
  journal =      j-BIOGR-MEM-NAT-ACAD-SCI,
  volume =       "??",
  pages =        "1--39",
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "BMNSAC",
  ISSN =         "0077-2933",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 22:09:19 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/ggamow.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Biographical memoirs --- National Academy of Sciences
                 of the United States of America",
}

@Article{Rindler:2009:GEMa,
  author =       "Wolfgang Rindler",
  title =        "{G{\"o}del}, {Einstein}, {Mach}, {Gamow}, and
                 {Lanczos}: {G{\"o}del}'s remarkable excursion into
                 cosmology",
  journal =      j-AMER-J-PHYSICS,
  volume =       "77",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "498--510",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "AJPIAS",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3086933",
  ISSN =         "0002-9505 (print), 1943-2909 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9505",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 05:50:23 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lanczos-cornelius.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \cite[Chapter 9]{Baaz:2011:KGF}.",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AmJPh..77..498R;
                 http://ajp.aapt.org/resource/1/ajpias/v77/i6/p498_s1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp",
  keywords =     "General relativity and gravitation",
}

@Article{Frebel:2010:SAE,
  author =       "Anna Frebel",
  title =        "Stellar Archaeology: Exploring the Universe with
                 Metal-Poor Stars",
  journal =      j-ASTRO-NACHR,
  volume =       "331",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "474--488",
  day =          "20",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "ASNAAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201011362",
  ISSN =         "0004-6337 (print), 1521-3994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-6337",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 14:43:33 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asna.201011362/abstract",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomische Nachrichten",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3994/issues",
}

@Article{Trimble:2010:OAC,
  author =       "Virginia Trimble",
  title =        "The origins and abundances of the chemical elements
                 before 1957: from {Prout}'s hypothesis to {Pasadena}",
  journal =      j-EUR-PHYS-J-H,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "89--109",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "EPJHAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2010-00006-9",
  ISSN =         "2102-6459 (print), 2102-6467 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2102-6467",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 30 17:59:32 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/eur-phys-j-h.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjh/e2010-00006-9",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "European Physical Journal H",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.springerlink.com/content/2102-6459",
  keywords =     "George Gamow",
}

@Article{Nimtz:2011:TCS,
  author =       "G{\"u}nter Nimtz",
  title =        "Tunneling Confronts {Special Relativity}",
  journal =      j-FOUND-PHYS,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1193--1199",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "FNDPA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-011-9539-2",
  ISSN =         "0015-9018 (print), 1572-9516 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-9018",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 14 10:31:41 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib",
  URL =          "https://springerlink3.metapress.com/content/n67286542k5r4186",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Foundations of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10701",
  keywords =     "faster than light; Special Relativity; superluminal
                 signal velocity; tunneling",
}

@InCollection{Rindler:2011:GEMb,
  author =       "Wolfgang Rindler",
  title =        "{G{\"o}del}, {Einstein}, {Mach}, {Gamow}, and
                 {Lanczos}: {G{\"o}del}'s Remarkable Excursion into
                 Cosmology",
  crossref =     "Baaz:2011:KGF",
  pages =        "185--212",
  year =         "2011",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 17:56:03 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lanczos-cornelius.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Segre:2011:OGM,
  author =       "Gino Segr{\`e}",
  title =        "Ordinary geniuses: {Max Delbr{\"u}ck}, {George Gamow},
                 and the origins of genomics and {Big Bang} cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-VIKING,
  address =      pub-VIKING:adr,
  pages =        "xxi + 330",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-670-02276-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-670-02276-2",
  LCCN =         "QH31.D434 S44 2011",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 17 16:39:42 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "A biography of two maverick scientists whose
                 intellectual wanderlust kick-started modern genomics
                 and cosmology. Max Delbruck and George Gamow, the
                 so-called ordinary geniuses of Segr{\`e}'s third book,
                 were not as famous or as decorated as some of their
                 colleagues in mid-twentieth-century physics, yet these
                 two friends had a profound influence on how we now see
                 the world, both on its largest scale (the universe) and
                 its smallest (genetic code). Their maverick approach to
                 research resulted in truly pioneering science. Wherever
                 these men ventured, they were catalysts for great
                 discoveries. Here Segr{\`e} honors them in his
                 typically inviting and elegant style and shows readers
                 how they were far from ``ordinary''. While portraying
                 their personal lives Segr{\`e}, a scientist himself,
                 gives readers an inside look at how science is
                 done--collaboration, competition, the influence of
                 politics, the role of intuition and luck, and the sense
                 of wonder and curiosity that fuels these extraordinary
                 minds. Ordinary Geniuses will appeal to the readers of
                 Simon Singh, Amir Aczel, and other writers exploring
                 the history of scientific ideas and the people behind
                 them.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Delbr{\"u}ck, Max; Molecular biologists; United
                 States; Biography; Gamow, George; Physicists; SCIENCE /
                 Physics; biography and autobiography / Science and
                 Technology",
  subject-dates = "1904--1968",
}

@Article{Alpher:2012:RAR,
  author =       "Victor S. Alpher",
  title =        "{Ralph A. Alpher}, {Robert C. Herman}, and the {Cosmic
                 Microwave Background Radiation}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-PERSPECT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "300--334",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "PHPEF2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-012-0088-7",
  ISSN =         "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1422-6944",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 27 20:50:50 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=1422-6944&volume=14&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00016-012-0088-7",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics in Perspective (PIP)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/16",
  remark =       "This paper, written by Ralph Alpher's son, helps
                 clarify some of the confused history of who should be
                 credited for the prediction, discovery, and accurate
                 measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background
                 Radiation (CMBR).",
}

@Article{Cassidy:2012:BRG,
  author =       "David C. Cassidy",
  title =        "Book Review: {Gino Segr{\`e}, {\booktitle{Ordinary
                 Geniuses: Max Delbr{\"u}ck, George Gamow, and the
                 Origins of Genomics and Big Bang Cosmology}}, Viking
                 Adult, New York, 2011, xxi + 330 pages, ISBN-13
                 978-0-670-02276-2}",
  journal =      j-PHYS-PERSPECT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "248--250",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "PHPEF2",
  ISSN =         "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1422-6944",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 10 14:32:04 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics in Perspective (PIP)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/16",
}

@Article{Cassidy:2012:OGM,
  author =       "David C. Cassidy",
  title =        "Ordinary Geniuses: {Max Delbr{\"u}ck}, {George Gamow},
                 and the Origins of Genomics and {Big Bang} Cosmology",
  journal =      j-PHYS-PERSPECT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "248--250",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "PHPEF2",
  ISSN =         "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1422-6944",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 10 14:32:04 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics in Perspective (PIP)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/16",
}

@Article{Frebel:2012:CSF,
  author =       "Anna Frebel and Volker Bromm",
  title =        "Chemical Signatures of the First Galaxies: Criteria
                 for One-Shot Enrichment",
  journal =      j-ASTROPHYSICAL-J,
  volume =       "759",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "115:1--115:8",
  day =          "10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "ASJOAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/115",
  ISSN =         "0004-637X (print), 1538-4357 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-637X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 14:49:42 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/759/i=2/a=115",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astrophysical Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/",
}

@InCollection{Frebel:2012:MPS,
  author =       "Anna Frebel and John E. Norris",
  title =        "Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the
                 Universe",
  crossref =     "Gilmore:2012:PSS",
  chapter =      "3",
  year =         "2012",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5612-0_3",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 14:35:26 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Frebel:2012:PFI,
  author =       "Anna Frebel and Volker Bromm",
  title =        "Precious Fossils of the Infant Universe",
  journal =      j-PHYS-TODAY,
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--54",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "PHTOAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.1519",
  ISSN =         "0031-9228 (print), 1945-0699 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-9228",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 14:51:45 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/65/4/10.1063/PT.3.1519",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics Today",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.physicstoday.org/",
}

@Article{Pedder:2012:MTP,
  author =       "Chris Pedder",
  title =        "{{\booktitle{Mr Tompkins in Paperback}}, by George
                 Gamow}, {Scope}: general interest. {Level}: general
                 readership, non-specialists, pre-university,
                 undergraduate",
  journal =      j-CONTEMP-PHYS,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "508--509",
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CTPHAF",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2012.736407",
  ISSN =         "0010-7514 (print), 1366-5812 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-7514",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 18 20:08:59 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Contemporary Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcph20",
}

@InCollection{Schils:2012:GG,
  author =       "Ren{\'e} Schils",
  title =        "{George Gamow}",
  crossref =     "Schils:2012:HJW",
  pages =        "159--165",
  year =         "2012",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0860-4_25",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 23:07:00 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/jv20604l06332535/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{vandenBerg:2012:GVA,
  author =       "Robert Erwin van den Berg and Ansfried Scheifes",
  title =        "{Gamow}. Van atoomkern tot kosmos. ({Dutch}) [{Gamow},
                 from the atomic nucleus to the cosmos]",
  volume =       "42",
  publisher =    "Natuurwetenschap and Techniek",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "160",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "90-8571-378-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-8571-378-4",
  LCCN =         "Q124.6-127.2",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 07:27:51 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  series =       "Wetenschappelijke biografie",
  abstract =     "Het leven van George Gamow leest als een jongensboek.
                 De Rus is net vierentwintig wanneer hij in 1928 de
                 wereld van de quantummechanica binnenstormt. Al snel is
                 hij een goede vriend van groten als Bohr en Rutherford.
                 Na een spectaculaire ontsnapping uit de Sovjet Unie
                 vervolgt hij zijn carri{\`e}re in de VS. Hier levert
                 hij belangrijke bijdragen op het gebied van de
                 quantummechanica, de kosmologie en zelfs de biologie.
                 Hij is de eerste die de DNA-code probeert te kraken en
                 hij voorspelt het nagloeien van de Oerknal. Toch geniet
                 hij vooral bekendheid door zijn serie over Mr Tompkins,
                 de bankmedewerker die in zijn dromen de meest wilde
                 avonturen beleeft in de wereld van de natuurkunde. Het
                 tekent George Gamow voor wie plezier in de wetenschap
                 altijd voorop stond: als popularisator, als
                 grappenmaker en zeker als buitengewoon natuurkundige.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
  subject-dates = "1904--1968",
}

@InProceedings{Stuewer:2013:ACM,
  author =       "Roger H. Stuewer",
  title =        "An act of creation: the {Meitner--Frisch}
                 interpretation of nuclear fission",
  crossref =     "Katzir:2013:TTH",
  chapter =      "9",
  pages =        "231--245",
  year =         "2013",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 06:02:03 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-1 =     "From page 233: ``He [Gamow] arrived in Copenhagen in
                 September [1928], and when he told Bohr about his
                 theory Bohr was so impressed with it, and with Gamow
                 personally, that he offered Gamow a fellowship to
                 enable him to spend the entire academic year 1928--1929
                 in his institute. Bohr also arranged for Gamow to visit
                 the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England, for
                 around five weeks, from early January to mid-February
                 1929. Gamow thrived in both places. In particular, just
                 before leaving Copenhagen for Cambridge, he invented
                 the liquid-drop model of the nucleus, which he
                 presented for the first time on 7 February 1929, at a
                 meeting of the Royal Society in London to which Ernest
                 Rutherford had invited him.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 241: ``Meanwhile, in Copenhagen, Frisch
                 began to carry out experiments and around 3:00 A.M. on
                 the morning of Friday, 13 January 1939, he first
                 detected the fission fragments from uranium (Frisch
                 1939). He recalled that four hours later the postman
                 woke him up and handed him a telegram from his mother
                 saying that his father had been released from Dachau,
                 and that both of his parents now could emigrate to
                 Sweden (Frisch 1973, 833).''",
  remark-3 =     "From pages 241--242: ``By early 1939 the history of
                 the liquid-drop model had become obscured, because
                 Bohr, in his and Kalckar's paper of October 1937, had
                 failed to cite Gamow as its creator, even though Gamow
                 had conceived it in Bohr's institute in December 1928,
                 perhaps because Bohr saw his application of it as being
                 so different from Gamow's. And Bohr's omission was
                 immediately propagated in the literature.''",
}

@Article{Weinstein:2013:GGA,
  author =       "Galina Weinstein",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and {Albert Einstein}: Did {Einstein}
                 say the cosmological constant was the ``biggest
                 blunder'' he ever made in his life?",
  journal =      "arxiv.org",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "3",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2013",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 08 08:24:40 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.1033",
  abstract =     "In 1956\slash 1970 Gamow wrote that much later, when
                 he was discussing cosmological problems with Einstein,
                 he remarked that the introduction of the cosmological
                 term was the ``biggest blunder'' he ever made in his
                 life. But the cosmological constant rears its ugly head
                 again and again and again. Apparently, Einstein himself
                 has never used the apercu ``biggest blunder'';
                 nevertheless a vast literature grew up around this
                 notion and associated it with Einstein. The present
                 work is prompted by questions put by Mario Livio in his
                 latest book ``Brilliant Blunders'' as to the phrase
                 ``biggest blunder'': Did Einstein actually say,
                 ``biggest blunder''? I show that in 1947 Einstein wrote
                 Lema{\^\i}tre that he found it ``very ugly'' that the
                 field law of gravitation should be composed of two
                 logically independent terms. Earlier, in 1922 Einstein
                 wrote Max Born that he committed ``a monumental blunder
                 some time ago''. In 1965 Born commented: ``Here
                 Einstein admits that the considerations which led him
                 to the positive-ray experiments were wrong: 'a
                 monumental [capital] blunder'''. It is likely that when
                 Einstein met Gamow he formulated his views in his
                 native German, and perhaps he told Gamow that
                 suggesting his cosmological constant was a ``blunder''.
                 I suggest that, Einstein perhaps told Gamow that the
                 cosmological constant was a ``capital blunder'' or a
                 ``monumental blunder'', and Gamow could have
                 embellished Einstein's words to become the famous
                 apercu ``biggest blunder''.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Frebel:2014:RCE,
  author =       "Anna Frebel",
  title =        "Reconstructing the Cosmic Evolution of the Chemical
                 Elements",
  journal =      j-DAEDALUS,
  volume =       "143",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "71--80",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "DAEDAU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00307",
  ISSN =         "0011-5266 (print), 1548-6192 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0011-5266",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 10:06:32 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/daedalus.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1162/DAED_a_00307",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Daedalus",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00115266.html;
                 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/daed",
}

@Article{Kragh:2014:NBB,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  title =        "Naming the {Big Bang}",
  journal =      j-HIST-STUD-NAT-SCI,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--36",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1939-1811 (print), 1939-182X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1939-182X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 28 09:54:08 MST 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/journals/19391811.html;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/hsns.2014.44.issue-1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hsns.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/hsns.2014.44.1.3",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/19391811.html",
  remark =       "This article traces the origins and use of the term
                 `Big Bang', first coined by Fred Hoyle in a 1949 radio
                 broadcast. The discovery in 1929 by Edwin Hubble of the
                 expansion of the Universe naturally suggests tracing
                 the expansion backward in time to a `point' beginning,
                 and the considerable role played by George Gamow and
                 Georges Lema{\^\i}tre in investigating that idea is
                 treated at length.",
}

@Book{LallenaRojo:2014:GBB,
  author =       "Antonio {Lallena Rojo}",
  title =        "{Gamow}, el {Big Bang}: el conocimiento en
                 expansi{\'o}n. ({Spanish}) [{Gamow}, the {Big Bang}:
                 expanding knowledge]",
  publisher =    "RBA",
  address =      "Barcelona, Spain",
  pages =        "151",
  year =         "2014",
  ISBN =         "84-473-7774-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-84-473-7774-9",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 25 07:33:09 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Spanish",
  subject-dates = "1904--1968",
}

@Article{Choksi:2017:OPR,
  author =       "Rustum Choksi and Cyrill B. Muratov and Ihsan
                 Topaloglu",
  title =        "An old problem resurfaces nonlocally: {Gamow}'s liquid
                 drops inspire today's research and applications",
  journal =      j-NAMS,
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1275--1283",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "AMNOAN",
  ISSN =         "0002-9920 (print), 1088-9477 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9920",
  MRclass =      "49Q05 (76Y05)",
  MRnumber =     "3727064",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 15 07:17:02 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nams2010.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Notices Amer. Math. Soc.",
  fjournal =     "Notices of the American Mathematical Society",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/notices/",
}

@Article{Kragh:2017:NPS,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  title =        "The {Nobel Prize} System and the Astronomical
                 Sciences",
  journal =      j-J-HIST-ASTRON,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "257--280",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "JHSAA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1177/0021828617721574",
  ISSN =         "0021-8286 (print), 1753-8556 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-8286",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 25 11:56:39 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jhistastron.bib",
  URL =          "http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0021828617721574",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal for the History of Astronomy",
  journal-URL =  "https://journals.sagepub.com/home/JHA",
  remark-01 =    "From page 259: ``The central bodies in the processes
                 that lead to a decision regarding a science Nobel Prize
                 are the scientific committees elected among the members
                 of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. These
                 committees are small, consisting of only five
                 members. After having collected the nominations, the
                 physics committee deliberates on which candidate or
                 candidates to recommend and its decision then has to be
                 confirmed by the Academy's physics section and finally
                 by an Academy plenary session. The Academy will
                 almost always follow the recommendation of the
                 committee, but it is not obliged to do so. At rare
                 occasions, candidates chosen by the committee have been
                 rejected by the Academy, such as happened with Max
                 Planck's candidacy in 1908.''",
  remark-02 =    "On page 262, Kragh reports an anecdote of Hans Bethe
                 that ``I was the first to be honored for work in
                 astrophysics. Nobel's wife, he told me, had run off
                 with one of the leading mathematicians and astronomers
                 of the time. So the Prize bequest had specified that
                 the work honored [in physics] had to have practical
                 application and that neither pure mathematics nor
                 astronomy could be considered. Otherwise, Nobel feared,
                 this man would have been one of the first
                 winners''. However, this oft-repeated story is false;
                 Nobel never married, and the reasons for not awarding
                 his Prize for work in astronomy or astrophysics are
                 complex, and the subject of this article.",
  remark-03 =    "From pages 262--263: ``in the late 1930s, the
                 physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer did very important
                 theoretical work on neutron stars and black holes,
                 after which he left the field. Today his work is
                 sometimes considered to have been worthy of a Nobel
                 Prize.'' Oppenheimer was nominated four times between
                 1946 and 1967 for his work in nuclear physics, and
                 might have been considered for the 1967 Prize, but died
                 on 18 February 1967, and was thus ineligible; instead,
                 Hans Bethe received the 1967 Prize ``for his
                 contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions,
                 especially his discoveries concerning the energy
                 production in stars''.",
  remark-04 =    "From page 271: ``Perhaps even more than Lema{\^\i}tre,
                 the Russian--American physicist George Gamow deserves
                 credit for having pioneered modern big-bang
                 theory. Since the mid-1930s, Gamow focused increasingly
                 on stellar nuclear physics and during the years
                 following the end of World War II he developed the
                 first scenario of nuclear reactions taking place in the
                 very early universe. Much of this work, as it
                 culminated in a series of papers between 1948 and 1951,
                 was done in collaboration with his assistants Ralph
                 Alpher and Robert Herman. Gamow was nominated three
                 times for the physics Nobel Prize, but in none of the
                 cases for his work in cosmology.''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 275: ``Because of the 50-year's clause for
                 public access to material from the Nobel committees
                 and the Royal Swedish Academy, at present only
                 nominations and committee deliberations until 1966
                 can be examined. Already next year, it will be possible
                 to study the arguments leading to Bethe's belated Nobel
                 Prize and over the next years more interesting
                 material will be available. Then we will know if Zwicky
                 or someone else was nominated for the discovery of
                 dark matter, and we will know if the discovery and
                 analysis of the cosmic microwave background resulted in
                 nominations before the Nobel Prize of 1978 awarded to
                 Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson. Moreover, were there
                 any nominations for black-hole physics? It will also
                 be interesting to see how the Nobel Committee and the
                 Royal Swedish Academy justified the decision to keep
                 Hoyle out of the 1983 prize. And there will undoubtedly
                 be much more.''",
}

@Article{Kragh:2018:GLP,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  title =        "{Georges Lema{\^\i}tre}, Pioneer of Modern Theoretical
                 Cosmology",
  journal =      j-FOUND-PHYS,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1333--1348",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "FNDPA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0186-8",
  ISSN =         "0015-9018 (print), 1572-9516 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0015-9018",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 3 16:32:06 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/10701/48/10;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/foundphys.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Foundations of Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10701",
  keywords =     "Albert Einstein; Big Bang; Cosmological constant;
                 Cosmology; Expanding universe; George Gamow; Georges
                 Lema{\^\i}tre; Primeval atom; Singularity problem",
}

@Article{ORaifeartaigh:2018:ILE,
  author =       "Cormac O'Raifeartaigh and Simon Mitton",
  title =        "Interrogating the Legend of {Einstein}'s ''Biggest
                 Blunder''",
  journal =      j-PHYS-PERSPECT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "318--341",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2018",
  CODEN =        "PHPEF2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-018-0228-9",
  ISSN =         "1422-6944 (print), 1422-6960 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1422-6944",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 22 07:51:58 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "http://link.springer.com/journal/16/20/4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physics in Perspective (PIP)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/16",
  keywords =     "accelerated expansion; Albert Einstein; Alexander
                 Friedman; biggest blunder; cosmological constant;
                 expanding universe; Felix Klein; Friedman00Einstein
                 model; general theory of relativity; George Gamow;
                 Georges Lema{\^\i}tre; Hubble's law; relativistic
                 cosmology; static universe; Willem de Sitter",
  remark-01 =    "From page 323: ``In 1945, in a review of cosmology for
                 the third edition of \booktitle{The Meaning of
                 Relativity}, Einstein commented: `If Hubble's expansion
                 had been discovered at the time of the creation of the
                 general theory of relativity, the cosmologic member
                 would never have been introduced. It seems now so much
                 less justified to introduce such a member into the
                 field equations, since its introduction loses its sole
                 original justification.'\,''",
  remark-02 =    "From page 325: ``\ldots{} he [Einstein] came to view
                 his failure to note the instability of his 1917 model
                 as a technical error. Indeed, it could be argued that
                 the error prevented the prediction of a dynamic cosmos
                 a decade before Hubble's observations.''",
  remark-03 =    "From page 325: ``For many years, it seemed that the
                 cosmos might be described in terms of just two
                 parameters, each of which could be determined
                 independently by astronomy, a view that remained
                 essentially unchanged until the emergence of the first
                 evidence for an accelerated expansion in the late
                 1990s''",
  remark-04 =    "From page 325: George Gamow wrote in his 1970
                 autobiography: ``Einstein's original gravity equation
                 was correct, and changing it was a mistake. Much later,
                 when I was discussing cosmological problems with
                 Einstein, he remarked that the introduction of the
                 cosmological term was the biggest blunder he ever made
                 in his life.''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 326: ``Describing a meeting with Einstein in
                 1954, the Nobel laureate Linus Pauling famously
                 recorded in his diary: `He said that he had made one
                 great mistake --- when he signed the letter to
                 President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be
                 made.'\,'' The paper later suggests that Einstein meant
                 a political, rather than technoscientific, mistake.",
  remark-06 =    "From page 329: ``Many readers will be aware of the
                 Collected Papers of Albert Einstein (CPAE), a unique
                 initiative that has made Einstein's scientific and
                 personal papers publicly available online in both
                 German and English, with accompanying editorial notes.
                 However, this project extends only to the year 1928 so
                 far.''",
  remark-07 =    "From pages 329--330: On the famous alpha--beta--gamma
                 paper ``Bethe was an early and enthusiastic contributor
                 to the well-regarded annual conference on theoretical
                 physics hosted by Gamow at George Washington
                 University. Second, it is known, but seldom
                 acknowledged, that the alpha--beta--gamma paper was
                 reviewed and approved by Bethe before publication.
                 Finally, we note that Bethe acted as external examiner
                 for Alpher's doctoral thesis just a few months later.
                 Thus, the inclusion of Bethe's name as a co-author on a
                 key paper may have been a clever pun, but it was hardly
                 the mischievous, random act that is customarily
                 portrayed.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page 330: ``As the noted astronomer Vera Rubin, a
                 former postgraduate student of Gamow's, noted: ``It is
                 true that Gamow was funny and that he drank. It is also
                 true that he was a brilliant scientist, devoted friend
                 and concerned teacher, whose intuition exceeded that of
                 any scientist I have known.'\,''",
  remark-09 =    "On pages 331--32, the authors discuss Gamow's `first
                 successful explanation of the alpha-decay of the
                 nucleus in 1928', ``the phenomenon of quantum tunneling
                 [that] might allow the penetration of the atomic
                 nucleus by particles at relatively low energy, a
                 suggestion that led directly to the famous splitting of
                 the atomic nucleus by John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton
                 in 1932. Indeed, this experiment was much appreciated
                 by Einstein as the first experimental verification of
                 $E = m c^2$'', and ``Later in the 1930s, Gamow's
                 knowledge of nuclear and quantum physics played an
                 important role in the development of the Bohr--Gamow
                 liquid-drop model of the nucleus, while in the 1940s,
                 the pioneering research of Gamow and his colleagues
                 into nuclear physics in the early universe laid the
                 foundations of the modern theory of primordial
                 nucleosynthesis.''",
  remark-10 =    "From page 334: ``It confirms our earlier impression
                 that, even in the face of the problematic timespan of
                 cosmic expansion, Einstein saw the use of the
                 cosmological constant term in his later years as an
                 error.''",
}

@Book{Stuewer:2018:AIN,
  author =       "Roger H. Stuewer",
  title =        "The Age of Innocence: Nuclear Physics Between the
                 {First} and {Second World Wars}",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 484",
  year =         "2018",
  ISBN =         "0-19-186658-X, 0-19-882787-3 (hardback), 0-19-256290-8
                 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-186658-6, 978-0-19-882787-0 (hardback),
                 978-0-19-256290-6 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QC773 .S78 2018",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 6 07:28:02 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/contempphys.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  abstract =     "This history of nuclear physics sets the experimental
                 innovations and theoretical breakthroughs in the field
                 in the period between the two World Wars within the
                 contexts of the lives and personalities of the
                 physicists who made them and the physical,
                 intellectual, and political environments of the
                 countries and institutions in which they worked.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  shorttableofcontents = "Cambridge and the Cavendish \\
                 European and nuclear disintegration \\
                 Vienna and the Institute for Radium Research \\
                 The Cambridge--Vienna controversy \\
                 The quantum-mechanical nucleus \\
                 Nuclear electrons and nuclear structure \\
                 New Particles \\
                 New Machines \\
                 Nuclear physicists at the crossroads \\
                 Exiles and immigrants \\
                 Artificial radioactivity \\
                 Beta decay redux, slow neutrons, Bohr and his realm \\
                 New theories of nuclear reactions \\
                 The plague spreads to Austria and Italy \\
                 The new world",
  subject =      "Nuclear physics; History; Nuclear physics.",
  tableofcontents = "1. Cambridge and the Cavendish / 1 \\
                 Thomson / 1 \\
                 Rutherford / 7 \\
                 The Fourth Cavendish Professor / 12 \\
                 Rutherford Reigns Supreme / 15 \\
                 Notes / 19 \\
                 2. European and Nuclear Disintegration / 22 \\
                 The Great War / 22 \\
                 Mobilization / 22 \\
                 The Manifesto of the Ninety-Three / 24 \\
                 The Horror of the War / 26 \\
                 Armistice and Aftermath / 27 \\
                 The Human Cost of the War / 28 \\
                 Rutherford's Discovery of Artificial Nuclear
                 Disintegration / 29 \\
                 Chadwick / 35 \\
                 Rutherford's Satellite Model of the Nucleus / 39 \\
                 Notes / 42 \\
                 3. Vienna and the Institute for Radium Research / 44
                 \\
                 Vienna / 44 \\
                 The Great Inflation / 46 \\
                 Meyer / 48 \\
                 The Institute for Radium Research / 50 \\
                 Meyer as Director / 56 \\
                 Notes / 58 \\
                 4. The Cambridge--Vienna Controversy / 61 \\
                 Challenge from Vienna / 61 \\
                 Stalemate / 67 \\
                 Rutherford's Satellite Model and Natural Radioactivity
                 / 72 \\
                 Private Expose / 75 \\
                 Aftermath / 79 \\
                 Notes / 81 \\
                 5. The Quantum-Mechanical Nucleus / 85 \\
                 Quantum Mechanics / 85 \\
                 Physics in Leningrad / 85 \\
                 Gamow / 91 \\
                 Alpha Decay / 96 \\
                 Simultaneous Discovery / 101 \\
                 Cambridge and Copenhagen / 105 \\
                 Return to Leningrad / 109 \\
                 Notes / 110 \\
                 6. Nuclear Electrons and Nuclear Structure / 114 \\
                 Nuclear Electrons / 114 \\
                 Contradictions / 116 \\
                 Gamow's Liquid-Drop Model / 119 \\
                 Bothe / 126 \\
                 Marie Curie and the Institut du Radium / 131 \\
                 Frederic Joliot and Irene Curie / 136 \\
                 The Rome Conference / 140 \\
                 Notes / 143 \\
                 7. New Particles / 148 \\
                 Urey and the Deuteron / 148 \\
                 Chadwick and the Neutron / 155 \\
                 Anderson and the Positron / 166 \\
                 Dirac / 170 \\
                 Blackett / 172 \\
                 Notes / 178 \\
                 8. New Machines / 183 \\
                 Cockcroft / 183 \\
                 Walton / 186 \\
                 Cockcroft--Walton Accelerator / 190 \\
                 Lawrence and Tove / 199 \\
                 Cyclotron / 203 \\
                 Five Nobel Prizes in Physics / 211 \\
                 Notes / 211 \\
                 9. Nuclear Physicists at the Crossroads / 216 \\
                 Refugees / 216 \\
                 British Response / 217 \\
                 American Response / 221 \\
                 The Neutron: Compound or Elementary? / 224 \\
                 The Seventh Solvay Conference / 228 \\
                 Nuclear Questions / 232 \\
                 Aftermath / 234 \\
                 Fermi's Theory of Beta Decay / 234 \\
                 The Demise of Lawrence's Low-Mass Neutron / 237 \\
                 The Neutron: An Unstable Elementary Particle / 240 \\
                 Notes / 242 \\
                 10. Exiles and Immigrants / 248 \\
                 Nazi Dogma Denounced and Defended / 248 \\
                 Illustrious Immigrants / 252 \\
                 Gamow / 253 \\
                 Schr{\"o}dinger / 254 \\
                 Goldhaber and Scharff Goldhaber / 254 \\
                 Elsasser / 256 \\
                 Peierls / 261 \\
                 Frisch / 263 \\
                 Bloch / 266 \\
                 Bethe / 268 \\
                 Welcome to America / 273 \\
                 Notes / 273 \\
                 11. Artificial Radioactivity / 278 \\
                 Curie and Joliot / 278 \\
                 Discovery / 279 \\
                 Reception / 282 \\
                 Fermi / 284 \\
                 Discovery / 297 \\
                 Reception / 302 \\
                 Death of Marie Curie / 303 \\
                 Notes / 305 \\
                 12. Beta Decay Redux, Slow Neutrons, Bohr and his Realm
                 / 310 \\
                 Travels / 310 \\
                 The London--Cambridge Conference / 311 \\
                 Rutherford / 311 \\
                 Beck, Sitte, and Beta Decay / 312 \\
                 Artificial Radioactivity and Other Fields / 316 \\
                 Discovery of Slow Neutrons / 317 \\
                 Serendipity / 321 \\
                 Bohr and the Bohr Institute / 322 \\
                 Franck, Hevesy, and Exodus / 328 \\
                 Notes / 332 \\
                 13. New Theories of Nuclear Reactions / 335 \\
                 The Compound Nucleus / 335 \\
                 Trip Around the World / 338 \\
                 Breit / 340 \\
                 Wigner / 344 \\
                 Nucleus+ Neutron Resonances / 349 \\
                 Death of Corbino / 350 \\
                 Death of Rutherford / 350 \\
                 Notes / 358 \\
                 14. The Plague Spreads to Austria and Italy / 361 \\
                 Anschluss / 361 \\
                 Illustrious Austrian--Hungarian Exiles / 362 \\
                 Schr{\"o}dinger / 362 \\
                 Meyer / 364 \\
                 Blau / 366 \\
                 Rona / 368 \\
                 Meitner / 370 \\
                 Illustrious Italian Exiles / 376 \\
                 Rossi / 376 \\
                 Segre / 380 \\
                 Fermi / 384 \\
                 Notes / 389 \\
                 15. The New World / 393 \\
                 Nuclear Fission / 393 \\
                 Discovery / 394 \\
                 Interpretation / 396 \\
                 Bohr and Fermi in America / 402 \\
                 Notes / 407 \\
                 Archives / 411 \\
                 Oral History Interviews / 412 \\
                 Websites / 413 \\
                 Journal Abbreviations / 415 \\
                 Bibliography / 418 \\
                 Name Index / 455 \\
                 Subject Index / 465",
}

@Article{Hayen:2019:BSG,
  author =       "L. Hayen and N. Severijns",
  title =        "Beta Spectrum Generator: High precision allowed $
                 \beta $ spectrum shapes",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "240",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "152--164",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2019",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2019.02.012",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 14 08:12:51 MDT 2019",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm2010.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465519300645",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
  keywords =     "nuclear beta-ray spectrum",
  remark =       "The abtract reports ``It implements all known
                 corrections required to give a theoretical description
                 accurate to a few parts in $ 10^4 $.''",
}

@Article{Bagdonas:2021:FOB,
  author =       "Alexandre Bagdonas and Alexei Kojevnikov",
  title =        "Funny Origins of the {Big Bang Theory}",
  journal =      j-HIST-STUD-NAT-SCI,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2021.51.1.87",
  ISSN =         "1939-1811 (print), 1939-182X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1939-182X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 8 06:55:03 MST 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hsns.bib",
  URL =          "https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/article/51/1/87/116291/Funny-Origins-of-the-Big-Bang-Theory",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "http://hsns.ucpress.edu/content/by/year",
  keywords =     "George Gamow",
}

@Article{Alpher:2023:GGR,
  author =       "Victor S. Alpher and Simon A. Mitton",
  title =        "{George Gamow} and {Ralph Alpher}: a review of their
                 cosmological collaboration as mentor and
                 prot{\'e}g{\'e} 1942--1955",
  journal =      j-EUR-PHYS-J-H,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "EPJHAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/s13129-023-00057-0",
  ISSN =         "2102-6459 (print), 2102-6467 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2102-6459",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 10 11:14:38 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/eur-phys-j-h.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjh/s13129-023-00057-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Eur. Phys. J. H",
  articleno =    "9",
  fjournal =     "The European Physical Journal H",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.springer.com/journal/13129",
  remark =       "The first author is the son of Ralph Alpher. The
                 article examines letters between George Gamow and Ralph
                 Alpher to reconstruct the origins of the famous
                 alpha-beta-gamma paper on the genesis of the atomic
                 elements, and subsequent work on that problem.",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:20xx:WCT,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Washington} Conferences on Theoretical Physics",
  howpublished = "Web document",
  year =         "20xx",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 14 14:32:07 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib",
  note =         "Undated. The page includes a photograph of a plaque
                 with the preface ``The most famous event at this 5th
                 Washington Conference on Theoretical Physics came from
                 the announcement by Niels Bohr at the 1939 conference,
                 in the Hall of Government, Room 209, that the nucleus
                 of uranium had been split by bombardment with neutrons,
                 with significant energy released. {\em This was the
                 dawn of the atomic age.}'' and the engraving: ``In this
                 room, January 26, 1939, Niels Bohr made the first pubic
                 announcement of the successful disintegration of
                 uranium into barium with the attendant release of
                 approximately two hundred million electron volts of
                 energy per disintegration. This announcement was heard
                 by the physicists listed below who where attending the
                 fifth of the conferences on theoretical physics which
                 are sponsored jointly by the Carnegie Institution of
                 Washington and The George Washington University.'' The
                 participant listed on the plaque are: L. H. Adams;
                 Donald Hatch Andrews; Ferdinand G. Brickwedde; Gerhard
                 Heinrich Dieke; George A. Gamow; Maria Goeppert-Mayer;
                 M. H. Hebb; Karl Ferdinand Herzfeld; J. H. Hibben; J.
                 H. Hoge; D. R. Inglis; F. G. Keyes; F. C. Kracek; R.
                 Myers; H. M. O'Bryan; E. Posnjak; A. E. Ruark; R. B.
                 Scott; Francis B. Silsbee; C. Starr; Otto Stern; Edward
                 Teller; Harold C. Urey; and B. D. van Evera.",
  URL =          "http://home.gwu.edu/~kargaltsev/HEA/washington-conferences.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Edward Teller; George Gamow; Merle Tuve; Niels Bohr",
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Cross-referenced entries must come last:

@Proceedings{Cockcroft:1934:SPN,
  editor =       "J. Cockcroft and J. Chadwick and F. Joliot and J.
                 Joliot and N. Bohr and G. Gamov and P. A. M. Dirac and
                 W. Heisenberg",
  booktitle =    "Structure et propri{\'e}t{\'e}s des noyaux atomiques.
                 Rapports et discussions du septi{\`e}me conseil de
                 physique tenu {\`a} Bruxelles du 22 au 29 octobre 1933
                 sous les auspices de l'institut international de
                 physique Solvay. ({French}) [{Structure} and properties
                 of atomic nuclei. {Reports} and discussions of the
                 {Seventh Meeting on Physics} held in {Brussels} from
                 {22 to 29 October 1933} under the auspices of the
                 {Solvay International Institute of Physics}]",
  title =        "Structure et propri{\'e}t{\'e}s des noyaux atomiques.
                 Rapports et discussions du septi{\`e}me conseil de
                 physique tenu {\`a} Bruxelles du 22 au 29 octobre 1933
                 sous les auspices de l'institut international de
                 physique Solvay. ({French}) [{Structure} and properties
                 of atomic nuclei. {Reports} and discussions of the
                 {Seventh Meeting on Physics} held in {Brussels} from
                 {22 to 29 October 1933} under the auspices of the
                 {Solvay International Institute of Physics}]",
  publisher =    pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS,
  address =      pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS:adr,
  pages =        "xxv + 353",
  year =         "1934",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 16 05:58:31 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 Zentralblatt Math database",
  note =         "Publi{\'e}s par la commission administrative de
                 l'institut.",
  ZMnumber =     "Zbl 0011.42505",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bruxelles; Noyaux atomiques; quantum theory",
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{Beyer:1949:FNP,
  editor =       "Robert T. (Robert Thomas) Beyer",
  booktitle =    "Foundations of nuclear physics: facsimiles of thirteen
                 fundamental studies as they were originally reported in
                 the scientific journals",
  title =        "Foundations of nuclear physics: facsimiles of thirteen
                 fundamental studies as they were originally reported in
                 the scientific journals",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "272",
  year =         "1949",
  LCCN =         "QC173 .B485",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 28 16:14:49 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "See original paper \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB} and later
                 translation \cite{Graetzer:1964:DNF}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "nuclear physics",
  tableofcontents = "The positive electron, by C. D. Anderson \\
                 The existence of a neutron, by J. Chadwick \\
                 Experiments with high velocity positive ions: II. The
                 disintegration of elements by high velocity protons, by
                 J. D. Cockcroft and E. T. S. Walton \\
                 Physique nucl{\'e}aire, un nouveau type de
                 radioactivit{\'e}, by Ir{\`e}ne Curie and F. Joliot \\
                 Possible production of elements of atomic number higher
                 than 92, by E. Fermi \\
                 Versuch einer Theorie de $\beta$-Strahlen, by E. Fermi
                 \\
                 {\"U}ber die magnetische Ablenkung von
                 Wasserstoffmolek{\"u}len und das magnetische Moment des
                 Protons, I, by R. Frisch and O. Stern \\
                 Zur Quantentheorie des Atomkernes, by G. Gamow \\
                 {\"U}ber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der
                 Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden
                 Erdalkalimetalle, by O. Hahn and F. Strassmann \\
                 The production of high speed light ions without the use
                 of high voltages, by E. O. Lawrence and M. S.
                 Livingston \\
                 The scattering of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ particles by
                 matter and the structure of the atom, by E. Rutherford
                 \\
                 Collision of a particles with light atoms, pt. 4. An
                 anomalous effect in nitrogen, by E. Rutherford \\
                 On the interaction of elementary particles, I, by
                 Hideki Yukawa \\
                 Bibliography",
  xxnote =       "See original paper \cite{Hahn:1939:NVB} and later
                 translation \cite{Graetzer:1964:DNF}.",
}

@Book{Baitsell:1953:SP,
  editor =       "George A. Baitsell",
  booktitle =    "Science in Progress",
  title =        "Science in Progress",
  publisher =    pub-YALE,
  address =      pub-YALE:adr,
  bookpages =    "xiv + 285",
  pages =        "xiv + 285",
  year =         "1953",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 08:51:16 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "The origin and evolution of the universe / George
                 Gamow \\
                 Unsolved problems of the sun's atmosphere / Walter Orr
                 Roberts \\
                 The Earth's atmoshere / Joseph Kaplan \\
                 The geological history and evolution of insects / F. M.
                 Carpenter \\
                 Africa and the origin of man / D. M. S. Watson \\
                 Sensory physiology and the orientation of animals /
                 Donald R. Griffin \\
                 Cooperation and conflict among primitive organisms /
                 Paul R. Burkholder \\
                 Luminescent organisms / E. Newton Harvey \\
                 Microwave spectroscopy / Charles H. Townes \\
                 Molecular interactions in protein solutions / George
                 Scatchard",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1955:NAS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  booktitle =    "The new astronomy : a {Scientific American} book",
  title =        "The new astronomy : a {Scientific American} book",
  publisher =    pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER,
  address =      pub-SIMON-SCHUSTER:adr,
  pages =        "x + 243",
  year =         "1955",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 08:22:32 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Lawrence:1956:ABM,
  editor =       "J. H. Lawrence and C. A. Tobias",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Biological and Medical Physics: Volume 4",
  title =        "Advances in Biological and Medical Physics: Volume 4",
  volume =       "4",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  year =         "1956",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 07:53:43 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Pohl:1962:ED,
  author =       "Frederik Pohl",
  booktitle =    "The expert dreamers",
  title =        "The expert dreamers",
  publisher =    pub-DOUBLEDAY,
  address =      pub-DOUBLEDAY:adr,
  pages =        "248",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "PZ1 .P745 Ex",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 4 14:24:25 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Reprinted in 1968 by Avon Books, New York.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Science fiction",
  tableofcontents = "At the end of the orbit / Arthur C. Clarke \\
                 On the feasibility of coal-driven power stations / O.
                 R. Frisch \\
                 Feast of demons / William Morrison (Joseph Samachson)
                 \\
                 Heart on the other side / George Gamow \\
                 Lenny / Isaac Asimov \\
                 Singers / W. Grey Walter \\
                 Invasion / Robert Willey (Willy Ley) \\
                 To explain Mrs. Thompson / Philip Latham (R. S.
                 Richardson) \\
                 Adrift on the policy level / Chandler Davis \\
                 Black cloud / Fred Hoyle \\
                 Chain reaction / Boyd Ellanby (Lyle and William C.
                 Boyd) \\
                 Miracle of the broom closet / W. Norbert (Norbert
                 Wiener) \\
                 Heavyplanet / Lee Gregor (Milton A. Rothman) \\
                 Test stand / Lee Correy (G. Harry Stine) \\
                 Amateur in chancery / George O. Smith \\
                 Mark Gable foundation / Leo Szilard",
}

@Book{Beckenbach:1964:ACM,
  editor =       "Edwin F. Beckenbach and George P{\'o}lya",
  booktitle =    "Applied Combinatorial Mathematics",
  title =        "Applied Combinatorial Mathematics",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xxi + 608",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA164 .B4 1964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 4 12:33:11 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lehmer-derrick-henry.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Derrick Henry Lehmer (23 February 1905--22 May 1991)",
  remark =       "Reprinted in \cite{Beckenbach:1991:ACM}.",
  subject =      "Combinatorial analysis; Electronic digital computers;
                 Computers; Analyse combinatoire; Ordinateurs",
}

@Book{Rapport:1964:P,
  editor =       "Samuel Rapport and Helen Wright",
  booktitle =    "Physics",
  title =        "Physics",
  publisher =    "New York University Press",
  address =      "New York City, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xiii + 333",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 28 11:44:33 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/i/infeld-leopold.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Foreword / ix \\
                 Introduction / xi \\
                 I. Foundations \\
                 The First Physical Synthesis / Alfred North Whitehead /
                 5 \\
                 The Rise of the Mechanical View / Albert Einstein and
                 Leopold Infeld / 13 \\
                 Heat as Energy / George Gamow / 47 \\
                 The Story of Electromagnetism / Sir William H. Bragg /
                 66 \\
                 Looking Backward / Paul R. Heyl / 89 \\
                 II. The Atom \\
                 From X Rays to Nuclear Fission / Henry D. Smith / 98
                 \\
                 Spectroscopy / Herbert Dingle / 121 \\
                 The Tools of Nuclear Physics / Otto R. Frisch / 144 \\
                 The Discovery of Fission / Otto Hahn / 176 \\
                 The First Atomic Pile / Corbin Allardice and Edward R.
                 Trapnell / 187 \\
                 The Uncanny World of Plasma Physics / John L. Chapman /
                 198 \\
                 Elementary Particles / Victor Weisskopf / 21O \\
                 Our Image of Matter / Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger / 230 \\
                 The Concept of Parity / Chen Ning Yang / 248 \\
                 Innovation in Physics / Freeman Dyson / 256 \\
                 III. Relativity \\
                 Einstein / Antonina Vallentin / 275 \\
                 Relativity / Paul R. Heyl / 298 \\
                 Artificial Satellites / V. L. Ginsburg / 319",
}

@Book{Fermi:1968:III,
  author =       "Laura Fermi",
  booktitle =    "Illustrious immigrants; the intellectual migration
                 from {Europe}, 1930/41",
  title =        "Illustrious immigrants; the intellectual migration
                 from {Europe}, 1930/41",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 440",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "E184.A1 F47",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 09:24:51 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bethe, Hans; Bohr, Niels; Einstein, Albert; Fermi,
                 Enrico; Fermi, Laura; Franck, James; Gamow, George;
                 Goudsmidt, Samuel; Hitler, Adolf; Neumann, John von;
                 Segr{\`e}, Emilio; Szilard, Leo; Teller, Edward; Ulam,
                 Stanislaw; Wigner, Eugene",
  subject =      "immigrants; United States; Europeans; intellectuals;
                 civilization; foreign influences",
}

@Book{Mark:1969:PMU,
  editor =       "Hans Mark and Sidney Fernbach",
  booktitle =    "Properties of matter under unusual conditions: in
                 honor of {Edward Teller}'s 60th birthday",
  title =        "Properties of matter under unusual conditions: in
                 honor of {Edward Teller}'s 60th birthday",
  publisher =    pub-INTERSCIENCE,
  address =      pub-INTERSCIENCE:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 389",
  year =         "1969",
  ISBN =         "0-470-56990-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-56990-0",
  LCCN =         "Q171 .P98",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 7 15:05:50 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Teller, Edward; Science",
  subject-dates = "1908--2003",
  tableofcontents = "An appreciation on the 60th birthday of Edward
                 Teller, by E. P. Wigner \\
                 The concept of ``understanding'' in theoretical
                 physics, by W. Heisenberg \\
                 On the origin of galaxies, by G. Gamow \\
                 The origin of deep-focus earthquakes, by D. T. Griggs
                 and D. W. Baker \\
                 Response of rocks to stress, by G. H. Higgins \\
                 Material properties at high pressure, by R. E. Duff \\
                 Polymeric materials for extreme conditions, by H. F.
                 Mark \\
                 Ultra-high neutron fluxes; their production and use, by
                 F. de Hoffmann and W. L. Whittemore \\
                 The physics of high temperature plasma, by R. F. Post
                 \\
                 Numerical simulation of turbulent flow, by C. E. Leith
                 \\
                 A statistical mechanical treatment of macroscopic
                 change with time, by J. E. Mayer \\
                 Approximate symmetries in atomic and elementary
                 particle physics, by H. P. D{\"u}rr \\
                 On the theory of near-adiabatic transitions, by K. M.
                 Watson \\
                 Some solutions of the classical isotopic gauge field
                 equations, by T. T. Wu and C. N. Yang \\
                 Eigenvalues of Casimir operators, by C. L. Critchfield
                 \\
                 Strange matter, by J. A. Wheeler",
}

@Book{Fermi:1971:III,
  author =       "Laura Fermi",
  booktitle =    "Illustrious immigrants; the intellectual migration
                 from {Europe}, 1930/41",
  title =        "Illustrious immigrants; the intellectual migration
                 from {Europe}, 1930/41",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xi + 431",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-226-24376-1, 0-226-24378-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-24376-4, 978-0-226-24378-8 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "E184.A1 F47 1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 09:24:51 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bethe, Hans; Bohr, Niels; Einstein, Albert; Fermi,
                 Enrico; Fermi, Laura; Franck, James; Gamow, George;
                 Goudsmidt, Samuel; Hitler, Adolf; Neumann, John von;
                 Segr{\`e}, Emilio; Szilard, Leo; Teller, Edward; Ulam,
                 Stanislaw; Wigner, Eugene",
  subject =      "immigrants; United States; Europeans; intellectuals;
                 civilization; foreign influences",
}

@Book{Graetzer:1971:DNF,
  author =       "Hans G. Graetzer and David L. Anderson",
  title =        "The discovery of nuclear fission: a documentary
                 history",
  volume =       "20",
  publisher =    pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD,
  address =      pub-VAN-NOSTRAND-REINHOLD:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 120",
  year =         "1971",
  LCCN =         "QC790 .G68",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jul 29 17:56:32 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Van Nostrand Reinhold momentum books",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Nuclear fission; History",
}

@Book{Reines:1972:CFOa,
  editor =       "Frederick Reines",
  booktitle =    "Cosmology, fusion and other matters: {George Gamow}
                 memorial volume",
  title =        "Cosmology, fusion and other matters: {George Gamow}
                 memorial volume",
  publisher =    "Colorado Associated University Press",
  address =      "Boulder, CO, USA",
  pages =        "xiv + 320",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-87081-025-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-87081-025-1",
  LCCN =         "QC780 .C65",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 17 10:00:24 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/u/ulam-stanislaw-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  editor-dates = "Frederick, Reines (1918--1998)",
  subject =      "Nuclear physics; Cosmology; Gamow, George",
  subject-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  tableofcontents = "F. Reines / Introduction and preface \\
                 Alpher, R. A. and Herman, R. / Reflections on ``big
                 bang'' cosmology \\
                 Hoyle, F. and Narlikar, J. V. / Conformal invariance in
                 physics and cosmology \\
                 Penzias, A. A. / Cosmology and microwave astronomy \\
                 Wataghin, G. / On a model of the expanding universe \\
                 Dirac, P. A. M. / The variability of the gravitational
                 constant \\
                 Teller, E. / Are the constants constant? \\
                 Fowler, W. A. / New observations and old
                 nucleocosmochronologies \\
                 Shapiro, M. M., Silberberg, R., and Tsao, C. H. /
                 Diffusion of cosmic rays and their source composition
                 \\
                 Cowan, C. L. and Reines, F. / Neutrino physics ---
                 prospects \\
                 Kavanagh, R. W. / Reaction rates in the proton-proton
                 chain \\
                 Critchfield, C. L. / Analytic forms of the
                 thermonuclear function \\
                 Tuck, J. L. / World energy reserves and some
                 speculations on the future of nuclear fusion energy \\
                 Longmire, C. L. / Heating of charged particles by
                 electric waves \\
                 Yourgrau, W. and van der Merwe, A. / Entropy (positive
                 and negative), information and statistical
                 thermodynamics \\
                 Ulam, S. M. / Gamow --- and mathematics \\
                 Delbr{\"u}ck, M. / Out of this world \\
                 Rosenfeld, L. / Nuclear reminiscences \\
                 Shapiro, M. M. / George Gamow --- an appreciation \\
                 Alpher, R. A. and Herman, R. / Memories of Gamow",
}

@Book{Reines:1972:CFOb,
  editor =       "Frederick Reines",
  booktitle =    "Cosmology, fusion and other matters: {George Gamow}
                 memorial volume",
  title =        "Cosmology, fusion and other matters: {George Gamow}
                 memorial volume",
  publisher =    pub-ADAM-HILGER,
  address =      pub-ADAM-HILGER:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 320",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-85274-223-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-85274-223-5",
  LCCN =         "QC780",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 07:08:11 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cht..conf.....R;
                 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1972cofu.book.....R",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Gamow, George; Cosmology; Addresses, essays, lectures;
                 Nuclear physics",
}

@Book{Weber:1973:RWS,
  editor =       "Robert L. Weber",
  booktitle =    "A Random Walk In Science",
  title =        "A Random Walk In Science",
  publisher =    "The Institute of Physics",
  address =      "Bristol and London",
  pages =        "xvii + 206",
  year =         "1973",
  ISBN =         "0-85498-027-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-85498-027-7",
  LCCN =         "Q167.W42",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "Compiled by R. L. Weber, edited by E. Mendoza, with a
                 foreword by William Cooper.",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword / William Cooper \\
                 Introduction / Robert L. Weber and Eric Mendoza \\
                 When does jam become marmalade? / H. B. G. Casimir \\
                 In defence of pure research / J. J. Thomson \\
                 Keeping up with science / L. Feleki \\
                 Sir Francis Simon / N. Kurti \\
                 Cuts by the score / Anon. \\
                 The theorist \\
                 The theory of practical joking: its relevance to
                 physics / R. V. Jones \\
                 New university, 1229 / Lynn Thorndike \\
                 The Smithsonian Institution / Lewis Selye \\
                 Atmospheric extravaganza / John Herapath \\
                 Little Miss Muffet / F. Winsor \\
                 The academy / Jonathan Swift \\
                 The triumph of reason / Bert Listen Taylor \\
                 American Institute of Useless Research \\
                 Remarks on the quantum theory of the absolute zero of
                 temperature / G. Beck, H. Bethe and W. Riezler \\
                 A contribution to the mathematical theory of big game
                 hunting / H. Petard \\
                 Fission and superstition / H. M. K. \\
                 The uses of fallacy / Paul V. Dunmore \\
                 Basic science / Anon. \\
                 On the nature of mathematical proofs / Joel E. Cohen
                 \\
                 Arrogance in physics / Laura Fermi \\
                 What do physicists do? \\
                 Physics terms made easy / Anon. \\
                 Humphry Davy's first experiments / Humphry Davy, E. N.
                 da C Andrade \\
                 Maxwell's aether / James Clerk Maxwell \\
                 Style in physics / Ludwig Boltzmann \\
                 An Experiment to prove that Water is more elastic than
                 Air / John Clayton \\
                 Three jolly sailors / F. Winsor \\
                 H. A. Rowland / Paul Kirkpatrick \\
                 Confrontation / Maurice Caullery and Andree Tetry \\
                 Getting bubble chambers accepted by the world of
                 professional physicists / Donald A. Glaser \\
                 Bunsen burner / Henry Roscoe \\
                 Rutherford and Nature's whispers / A. S. Russell \\
                 The organization of research: 1920 / W. M. Wheeler \\
                 Solar eclipse / Reinhold Gerharz \\
                 How Newton discovered the law of gravitation / James E.
                 Miller \\
                 Graduate students / P. M. S. Blackett \\
                 Epigrams / Alexander Pope and Sir John Collins Squire
                 \\
                 Take away your billion dollars / Arthur Roberts \\
                 Standards for inconsequential trivia / Philip A.
                 Simpson \\
                 How radar began / A. P. Rowe \\
                 Building research / R. V. Jones \\
                 Perils of modern living / H. P. Furth \\
                 Predictions and comments \\
                 Little Willie / Dorothy Rickard \\
                 Which units of length? / Pamela Anderton \\
                 Alpher, Bethe and Gamow / R. A. Alpher and R. Herman
                 \\
                 Electromagnetic units: 1; Electromagnetic units: 2 / H.
                 B. G. Casimir \\
                 British Units \\
                 Therapy / J. P. Joule \\
                 Infancy of x-rays / G. E. M. Jauncey \\
                 Faraday lectures / Michael Faraday \\
                 N rays / R. W. Wood \\
                 My initiation / L. Rosenfeld \\
                 Frank Jewett / Paul E. Klopsteg \\
                 Inertia of a broomstick / Gaston Tissandier \\
                 Pneumatic experiment / Lady Holland, James Gillray \\
                 The high standard of education in Scotland / Sir W. L.
                 Bragg \\
                 Theoretical zipperdynamics / H. J. Zipkin \\
                 Atomic medicine / John H. Lawrence \\
                 100 authors against Einstein / A. von Brunn \\
                 Ultraviolet catastrophe / H. Poincare \\
                 Flatland: a romance of many dimensions / Edwin A.
                 Abbott \\
                 Schools of physics \\
                 How a theoretical physicist works / V. Berezinsky \\
                 The art of finding the right graph paper / S. A. Rudin
                 \\
                 On the imperturbability of elevator operators: LVII /
                 John Sykes \\
                 The analysis of contemporary music using harmonious
                 oscillator wave functions / H. J. Lipkin \\
                 Researchers' prayer / Anon. \\
                 Turboencabulator / J. H. Quick \\
                 Heaven is hotter than Hell \\
                 On the feasibility of coal-driven power stations / O.
                 R. Frisch \\
                 Bedside manner \\
                 A theory of ghosts / D. A. Wright \\
                 A stress analysis of a strapless evening gown \\
                 Two classroom stories / Robert Weinstock \\
                 Murphy's law / D. L. Klipstein \\
                 Thermoelectric effect \\
                 A glossary for research reports / C. D. Graham Jr. \\
                 Why we must go to the Moon / Charles G. Tierney \\
                 Face to face with metrication / Norman Stone \\
                 Life on Earth (by a Martian) / Paul A. Weiss \\
                 The high energy physics colouring book / H. J. Lipkin
                 \\
                 Snakes and Ladders / P. J. Duke \\
                 Do-it-yourself CERN Courier writing kit \\
                 Gulliver's computer / Jonathan Swift \\
                 Haiku \\
                 Textbook selection / Malcolm Johnson \\
                 Computer, B.Sc. (failed) / E. Mendoza \\
                 Collective names in basic sciences / Anon. \\
                 the Chaostron: an important advance in learning
                 machines / J. B. Cadwallader-Cohen, W. W. Zysiczk and
                 R. R. Donelley \\
                 Physics is too young / William Whewell \\
                 Yes, Virginia / V. E. Eaton \\
                 How to learn / Lewis Carroll \\
                 The nature of evidence / Isaac Todhunter \\
                 School leaving exam \\
                 Where to hold nuclear spectroscopy conferences in
                 Russia \\
                 Typical examination questions as a guide to graduate
                 students studying for prelims / H. J. Lipkin \\
                 Big Science and Lesser Sciences / P. M. S. Blackett \\
                 Oral examination procedure / S. D. Mason \\
                 Fluorescent yield / Arthur H. Snell \\
                 Slidesmanship / D. H. Wilkinson \\
                 A conference glossary / David Kritchevsky and R. J. Van
                 der Wal \\
                 Valentine from a Telegraph Clerk [male] to a Telegraph
                 Clerk [female] / James Clerk Maxwell \\
                 Enrico Fermi / Emilio Segre \\
                 The parrot and the carrot / R. W. Wood \\
                 The bee, the beet and the beetle / R. W. Wood \\
                 Absent-minded / Henry Roscoe \\
                 The Mason--Dixon line \\
                 Toothed wheels \\
                 The transit of Venus / Jeremiah Horrox \\
                 Lines inspired by a lecture on extra-terrestrial life /
                 J. D. G. M. \\
                 Postprandial: Ions mine / J. J. E. Durack \\
                 The trial of Galileo / F. Sherwood Taylor \\
                 Newton and Facts / D. Bentley \\
                 John Dalton's discovery of his colour blindness \\
                 Paris, May 1832 / Ian Stewart, Hippolyte Carnot \\
                 Pulsars in poetry / Jay M. Pasachoff \\
                 Clouds, 1900 / Lord Kelvin \\
                 An awkward incident / Sir W. L. Bragg \\
                 Shoulders of giants / Robert K. Merton \\
                 Rotating dog / William Garnett \\
                 Answer man \\
                 Home run \\
                 The pulsar's Pindar / Dietrick E. Thomsen and Jonathan
                 Eberhart \\
                 Walter Nernst / Edgar W. Kutzscher \\
                 Self-frustration / R. V. Jones \\
                 Unsung heroes I: J-B Moire / Simplicius \\
                 Unsung heroes II: Juan Hernandez Torsion Herrera /
                 Douglas Lindsay and James Ketchum \\
                 Wolfgang Pauli / Eugene P. Wigner \\
                 Scientific method / Adolph Baker \\
                 Pebbles and Shells / Isaac Newton",
}

@Book{Mehra:1975:SCP,
  editor =       "Jagdish Mehra",
  booktitle =    "{The Solvay conferences on physics: aspects of the
                 development of physics since 1911}",
  title =        "{The Solvay conferences on physics: aspects of the
                 development of physics since 1911}",
  publisher =    pub-REIDEL,
  address =      pub-REIDEL:adr,
  pages =        "xxxii + 415",
  year =         "1975",
  ISBN =         "90-277-0635-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-277-0635-5",
  LCCN =         "QC1.S792 M43",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 20 14:49:53 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lowdin-per-olov.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "F{\'\i}sica nuclear",
}

@Book{Beckenbach:1981:ACM,
  editor =       "Edwin F. Beckenbach and George P{\'o}lya",
  booktitle =    "Applied Combinatorial Mathematics",
  title =        "Applied Combinatorial Mathematics",
  publisher =    "R. E. Krieger Pub. Co.",
  address =      "Malabar, FL, USA",
  pages =        "xxi + 608",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-89874-172-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-89874-172-8",
  LCCN =         "QA164 .B4 1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 4 12:33:11 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lehmer-derrick-henry.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Derrick Henry Lehmer (23 February 1905--22 May 1991)",
  remark =       "Based on the Statewide lecture series on combinatorial
                 mathematics offered by the University of California,
                 University Extension, Engineering and Physical Sciences
                 Division, in 1962. Reprint of the edition published by
                 Wiley, New York, in series: University of California
                 engineering and physical sciences extension series.",
  subject =      "Combinatorial analysis; Electronic digital computers;
                 Computers; Analyse combinatoire; Ordinateurs",
}

@Book{Wilson:1983:RSG,
  author =       "David Wilson",
  booktitle =    "{Rutherford}, simple genius",
  title =        "{Rutherford}, simple genius",
  publisher =    pub-HODDER-STOUGHTON,
  address =      pub-HODDER-STOUGHTON:adr,
  pages =        "638 + 8",
  year =         "1983",
  ISBN =         "0-340-23805-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-340-23805-9",
  LCCN =         "QC16.R8 W54 1983",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 29 16:57:00 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hsns.bib",
  price =        "US\$14.95",
  URL =          "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/10560773.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1927--2000",
  subject =      "Rutherford, Ernest; Nuclear physics; Biography;
                 Kernfysica",
  subject-dates = "1871--1937.",
  tableofcontents = "1 New Zealand Education / 13 \\
                 2 First Research / 50 \\
                 3 The Wide, Wide World / 63 \\
                 4 Science in Cambridge / 87 \\
                 5 Radioactivity / 130 \\
                 6 Life in North America / 166 \\
                 7 Last Years in Canada / 193 \\
                 8 Starting at Manchester / 216 \\
                 9 Science International / 238 \\
                 10 The Atom / 268 \\
                 11 The Atom in Action / 308 \\
                 12 Rutherford at War / 339 \\
                 13 The Atom is Smashed / 386 \\
                 14 Cambridge and the Cavendish / 406 \\
                 15 Politics and Power / 453 \\
                 16 Kapitsa / 496 \\
                 17 Final Triumphs / 538 \\
                 Epilogue / 601 \\
                 Notes and Sources / 603 \\
                 Bibliography / 621 \\
                 Index / 626",
}

@Book{Gamow:1985:TYS,
  author =       "George Gamow",
  booktitle =    "Thirty Years That Shook Physics: the Story of Quantum
                 Theory",
  title =        "Thirty Years That Shook Physics: the Story of Quantum
                 Theory",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 224 + 9",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-486-24895-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-24895-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC174.12 .G35 1985",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$4.95",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover032/85006797.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Gamow (1904--1968)",
  keywords =     "Albert Einstein; Enrico Fermi; George Gamow; Lord
                 Rutherford; Louis de Brogle Max Planck; L{\'e}on
                 Rosenfeld; Niels Bohr; Paul Ehrenfest; Sir J. J.
                 Thomson; Solvay Conference; Werner Heisenberg; Wolfgang
                 Pauli",
  remark =       "Reprint of
                 \cite{Gamow:1966:TYSa,Gamow:1966:TYSb,Gamow:1972:TYS}.",
  shorttableofcontents = "I. M. Planck and Light Quanta \\
                 II. N. Bohr and Quantum Orbits \\
                 III. W. Pauli and the Exclusion Principle \\
                 IV. L. de Broglie and Pilot Waves \\
                 V. W. Heisenberg and the Uncertainty Principle \\
                 VI. P. A. M. Dirac and Anti-Particles \\
                 VII. E. Fermi and Particle Transformations \\
                 VIII. H. Yukawa and Mesons \\
                 IX. Men At Work \\
                 Appendix Blegdamsvej Faust",
  subject =      "Quantum theory; Physics; History",
  tableofcontents = "Biographical Preface / vii \\
                 Preface / xi \\
                 Introduction / 1 \\
                 I M. Planck and Light Quanta: Statistical Mechanics and
                 Thermal Radiation --- Max Planck and the Quantum of
                 Energy --- Light Quanta and the Photoelectric Effect
                 --- The Compton Effect / 6 \\
                 II N. Bohr and Quantum Orbits: Rutherford's Theory of
                 the Nuclear Atom --- Quantizing a Mechanical System ---
                 Sommerfeld's Elliptical Orbits --- Bohr's Institute /
                 29 \\
                 III W. Pauli and the Exclusion Principle: Quotas for
                 Electron Levels --- The Spinning Electron --- Pauli and
                 Nuclear Physics --- The Neutrino / 62 \\
                 IV L. De Broglie and Pilot Waves: Schr{\"o}dinger's
                 Wave Equation --- Applying Wave Mechanics / 80 \\
                 V W. Heisenberg and the Uncertainty Principle:
                 Discarding Classical Linear Trajectories / 98 \\
                 VI P. A. M. Dirac and Anti-Particles: Unifying
                 Relativity and Quantum Theory --- Anti-Particle Physics
                 / 118 \\
                 VII E. Fermi and Particle Transformations: The Forces
                 Behind $\beta$-Transformation --- Using Fermi
                 Interaction Laws --- Fermi's Research in Nuclear
                 Reactions / 139 \\
                 VIII H. Yukawa and Mesons / 149 \\
                 IX Men at Work / 154 \\
                 Appendix Blegdamsvej \booktitle{Faust} / 165 \\
                 Index",
}

@Book{Weart:1985:HP,
  editor =       "Spencer R. Weart and Melba Phillips",
  booktitle =    "History of physics",
  title =        "History of physics",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-AIP,
  address =      pub-AIP:adr,
  pages =        "375",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-88318-468-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-88318-468-4 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC7 .H694 1985",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 4 18:34:44 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/slater-john-clarke.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Readings from \booktitle{Physics Today}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Physics; History; Sources",
  tableofcontents = "1 / CHAPTER 1: BEFORE OUR TIMES \\
                 2 / The prehistory of solid-state physics / Cyril
                 Stanley Smith \\
                 12 / Franklin's Physics / John L. Heilbron \\
                 18 / A sketch for a history of early thermodynamics /
                 E. Mendoza \\
                 25 / A sketch for a history of the kinetic theory of
                 gases / E. Mendoza \\
                 29 / Rowland's physics / John D. Miller \\
                 36 / Michelson and his interferometer / Robert S.
                 Shankland \\
                 42 / Poincare and cosmic evolution / Stephen G. Brush
                 \\
                 50 / Steps toward the Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram //
                 David H. DeVorkin \\
                 59 / CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONS OF PHYSICS \\
                 61 / The roots of solid-state research at Bell Labs /
                 Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson \\
                 68 / Some personal experiences in the international
                 coordination of crystal diffractometry / P. P. Ewald
                 \\
                 74 / The founding of the American Institute of Physics
                 / Karl T. Compton \\
                 78 / The first fifty years of the AAPT / Melba Phillips
                 \\
                 86 / The giant cancer tube and the Kellogg Radiation
                 Laboratory / Charles H. Holbrow \\
                 94 / The evolution of the Office of Naval Research /
                 The Bird Dogs \\
                 101 / CHAPTER 3: SOCIAL CONTEXT \\
                 103 / Nagaoka to Rutherford, 22 February 1911 /
                 Lawrence Badash \\
                 108 / American physics and the origins of electrical
                 engineering / Robert Rosenberg \\
                 115 / Physics in the Great Depression / Charles Weiner
                 \\
                 123 / Scientists with a secret / Spencer R. Weart \\
                 130 / Some thoughts on science in the Federal
                 government / Edward U. Condon \\
                 138 / Fifty years of physics education / A. P. French
                 \\
                 149 / Women in physics: unnecessary, injurious and out
                 of place? / Vera Kistiakowsky \\
                 159 / The last fifty years --- A revolution? / Spencer
                 R. Weart \\
                 171 / CHAPTER 4: BIOGRAPHY \\
                 173 / The two Ernests / Mark L. Oliphant \\
                 194 / Van Vleck and magnetism / Philip W. Anderson \\
                 198 / Alfred Lee Loomis --- last great amateur of
                 science / Luis W. Alvarez \\
                 208 / Harold Urey and the discovery of deuterium /
                 Ferdinand G. Brickwedde \\
                 214 / Pyotr Kapitza, octogenarian dissident / Grace
                 Marmor Spruch \\
                 221 / The young Oppenheimer: Letters and recollections
                 / Alice Kimball Smith and Charles Weiner \\
                 228 / Maria Goeppert Mayer --- two-fold pioneer /
                 Robert G. Sachs \\
                 234 / Philip Morrison --- A profile / Anne Eisenberg
                 \\
                 241 / CHAPTER 5: PERSONAL ACCOUNTS \\
                 243 / How I created the theory of relativity / Albert
                 Einstein \\
                 246 / It might as well be spin / Samuel A. Goudsmit and
                 George E. Uhlenbeck \\
                 255 / History of the cyclotron. Part I / M. Stanley
                 Livingston \\
                 261 / History of the cyclotron. Part II / Edwin M.
                 McMillan \\
                 272 / The discovery of fission / Otto R. Frisch and
                 John A. Wheeler \\
                 282 / Physics at Columbia University / Enrico Fermi \\
                 287 / CHAPTER 6: PARTICLES AND QUANTA \\
                 289 / J. J. Thomson and the discovery of the electron /
                 George P. Thomson \\
                 294 / Thermodynamics and quanta in Planck's work /
                 Martin J. Klein \\
                 303 / J. J. Thomson and the Bohr atom / John L.
                 Heilbron \\
                 310 / Sixty years of quantum physics / Edward U. Condon
                 \\
                 319 / Heisenberg and the early days of quantum
                 mechanics / Felix Bloch \\
                 324 / Electron diffraction: Fifty years ago / Richard
                 K. Gehrenbeck \\
                 332 / 1932 --- Moving into the new physics / Charles
                 Weiner \\
                 340 / The idea of the neutrino / Laurie M. Brown \\ \\
                 346 / The birth of elementary-particle physics / Laurie
                 M. Brown and Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson \\
                 354 / The discovery of electron tunneling into
                 superconductors / Roland W. Schmitt \\
                 358 / The development of field theory in the last fifty
                 years / Victor F. Weisskopf",
}

@Book{Bernstein:1986:CCP,
  editor =       "Jeremy Bernstein and Gerald Feinberg",
  booktitle =    "Cosmological Constants: Papers in Modern Cosmology",
  title =        "Cosmological Constants: Papers in Modern Cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-U-COLUMBIA,
  address =      pub-U-COLUMBIA:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 328",
  year =         "1986",
  ISBN =         "0-231-06376-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-231-06376-0",
  LCCN =         "QB985 .C66 1986",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 04 07:09:47 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 jenson.stanford.edu:2210/unicorn;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This book contains reprints of 31 important papers in
                 cosmology, all retyped and reset in a typewriter font,
                 and translated to English, if necessary. There are no
                 empty pages, so page ranges can be interpolated.",
  subject =      "cosmology; astrophysics; cosmological constants",
  tableofcontents = "Section I. The expanding universe / 7 \\
                 Cosmological considerations on the General Theory of
                 Relativity / A. Einstein / 16 \\
                 On Einstein's theory of gravitation, and its
                 astronomical consequences / W. de Sitter / 27 \\
                 On the curvature of space / A. Friedmann / 49 \\
                 On the possibility of a world with constant negative
                 curvature / A. Friedmann / 59 \\
                 Comments on the work of A. Friedmann / A. Einstein / 66
                 \\
                 On the foundations of relativistic cosmology / H. P.
                 Robertson / 68 \\
                 A relation between distance and radial velocity among
                 extra-galactic nebulae / Edwin Hubble / 77 \\
                 A new determination of the Hubble constant from
                 globular clusters in M87 / Allan Sandage / 84 \\
                 A homogeneous universe of constant mass and increasing
                 radius accounting for the radial velocity of
                 extra-galactic nebulae / G. Lemaitre / 92 \\
                 An upper limit on the neutrino rest mass / R. Cowsik
                 and J. McClelland / 102 \\
                 Section II. Three degrees above zero / 106 \\
                 The origin of elements and the separation of galaxies /
                 G. Gamow / 114 \\
                 Remarks on the evolution of the expanding universe /
                 Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman / 117 \\
                 Cosmic black-body radiation / R. H. Dicke \ldots{} [et
                 al.] / 133 \\
                 A measurement of excess antenna temperature at 4080
                 Mc/s / A. A. Penzias and R. W. Wilson / 141 \\
                 Measurement of the spectrum of the submillimeter cosmic
                 background / D. P. Woody \ldots{} [et al.] / 144 \\
                 Section III. Formation of the light elements / 152 \\
                 Physical conditions in the initial stages of the
                 expanding universe / Ralph A. Alpher, James W. Follin,
                 Jr. Robert C. Herman / 159 \\
                 Primordial helium abundance and the primordial fireball
                 II / P. J. E. Peebles / 201 \\
                 Section IV. The very early universe / 218 \\
                 Violation of CP invariance, C asymmetry, and baryon
                 asymmetry of the universe / A. D. Sakharov / 229 \\
                 Unified gauge theories and the baryon number of the
                 universe / Motohiko Yoshimura / 233 \\
                 Baryon number of the universe / Savas Dimopoulos and
                 Leonard Susskind / 241 \\
                 Cosmological production of baryons / Steven Weinberg /
                 269 \\
                 Topology of cosmic domains and strings / T. W. B.
                 Kibble / 277 \\
                 Cosmological production of superheavy magnetic
                 monopoles / John P. Preskill / 292 \\
                 Inflationary universe : a possible solution to the
                 horizon and flatness problems / Alan H. Guth / 299 \\
                 Cosmology for grand unified theories with radiatively
                 induced symmetry breaking / Andreas Albecht and Paul J.
                 Steinhardt / 321--328",
}

@Proceedings{Melchiorri:1986:GC,
  editor =       "F. Melchiorri and Remo Ruffini",
  booktitle =    "{Gamow cosmology: Proceedings of the International
                 School of Physics ``Enrico-Fermi'', Course 86, held at
                 Varenna, Italy, 13--23 July 1982}",
  title =        "{Gamow cosmology: Proceedings of the International
                 School of Physics ``Enrico-Fermi'', Course 86, held at
                 Varenna, Italy, 13--23 July 1982}",
  volume =       "Course 86",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 540 + 2",
  year =         "1986",
  ISBN =         "0-444-87004-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-444-87004-9",
  LCCN =         "QB980 .I58 1982",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 07:03:21 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Proceedings of the International School of Physics
                 ``Enrico Fermi''",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986gaco.conf.....M",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "International School of Physics ``Enrico Fermi''
                 (1982: Varenna, Italy)",
  remark =       "Italian Physical Society. Italian title: Cosmologia di
                 Gamow.",
  subject =      "Cosmology; Congresses; Radiation, Background",
}

@Book{Ulam:1986:SCP,
  author =       "Stanis{\l}aw M. Ulam and Mark C. Reynolds and
                 Gian-Carlo Rota",
  booktitle =    "Science, computers, and people: from the tree of
                 mathematics",
  title =        "Science, computers, and people: from the tree of
                 mathematics",
  publisher =    pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON,
  address =      pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 264",
  year =         "1986",
  ISBN =         "0-8176-3276-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8176-3276-2",
  LCCN =         "QA7 .U431 1986; QA7 .U43 1986",
  MRclass =      "01A70 (00A05 01A75)",
  MRnumber =     "MR874755 (88d:01038)",
  MRreviewer =   "A. D. Booth",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 31 09:45:10 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/u/ulam-stanislaw-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  note =         "From the tree of mathematics, With a preface by Martin
                 Gardner, With an introduction by Fran{\c{c}}oise Ulam",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Mathematics; Science; Computers",
  tableofcontents = "Preface / vii \\
                 At the Memorial Service for S. M. Ulam / xi \\
                 Introduction / xv \\
                 Acknowledgments / xix \\
                 1: The Applicability of Mathematics / 1 \\
                 2: Physics for Mathematicians / 9 \\
                 3: Ideas of Space and Space-Time / 21 \\
                 4: Philosophical Implications of Some Recent Scientific
                 Discoveries / 31 \\
                 5: A First Look at Computing: A Personal Retrospective
                 / 37 \\
                 6: Computers in Mathematics / 43 \\
                 7: Experiments in Chess on Electronic Computing
                 Machines: Some Early Efforts / 61 \\
                 8: Computations in Parallel / 71 \\
                 9: Patterns of Growth of Figures / 77 \\
                 10: More on Patterns of Growth / 91 \\
                 11: How to Formulate Mathematically the Problems of the
                 Rate of Evolution / 105 \\
                 12: Some Further Ideas and Prospects in Biomathematics
                 / 115 \\
                 13: Further Applications of Mathematics in the Natural
                 Sciences / 137 \\
                 14: Thermonuclear Devices / 155 \\
                 15: The Orion Project / 165 \\
                 16: John von Neumann, 1903--1957 / 169 \\
                 17: Von Neumann: The Interaction of Mathematics and
                 Computing / 215 \\
                 18: John von Neumann on Computers and the Brain / 223
                 \\
                 19: Gamow and Mathematics: Personal Reminiscences / 231
                 \\
                 20: Marian Smoluchowski and the Theory of Probabilities
                 in Physics / 241 \\
                 21: Kazimierz Kuratowski / 253 \\
                 22: Stefan Banach / 259 \\
                 23: A Concluding Paean / 263",
  xxpages =      "xxi + 264",
}

@Book{Ullmann-Margalit:1986:KSI,
  editor =       "Edna Ullmann-Margalit",
  booktitle =    "The Kaleidoscope of Science: The {Israel Colloquium}:
                 Studies in History, Philosophy, and Sociology of
                 Science. {Volume 1}",
  title =        "The Kaleidoscope of Science: The {Israel Colloquium}:
                 Studies in History, Philosophy, and Sociology of
                 Science. {Volume 1}",
  volume =       "94",
  publisher =    pub-REIDEL,
  address =      pub-REIDEL:adr,
  bookpages =    "xii + 250",
  pages =        "xii + 250",
  year =         "1986",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5496-0",
  ISBN =         "90-277-2159-9 (paperback), 90-277-2158-0 (hardcover),
                 94-009-5496-4 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-277-2159-4 (paperback), 978-90-277-2158-7
                 (hardcover), 978-94-009-5496-0 (e-book)",
  ISSN =         "0068-0346",
  ISSN-L =       "0068-0346",
  LCCN =         "Q174 .B67 vol. 94 Q175",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 10 09:55:12 MST 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bsphs.bib",
  series =       ser-BOSTON-STUD-PHILOS-SCI,
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-009-5496-0",
  abstract =     "This collection is the first proceedings volume of the
                 lectures delivered within the framework of the Israel
                 Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of
                 Science, in its year of inauguration 1981--82. It thus
                 marks the beginning of a new venture. Rather than
                 attempting to express an ideology of the infinity of
                 science, this collection in fact aims at presenting a
                 kaleidoscopic picture of the variety of views about
                 science and within science. Three main disciplines come
                 together in this volume. The first of scientists, the
                 second of historians and sociologists of science, the
                 third of philosophers interested in science. The
                 scientists try to present the scientific body of
                 knowledge in areas where the scientific adventure
                 kindles the imagination of the culture of our time. At
                 the same of course, they register their own reflections
                 on the nature of this body time, of knowledge and on
                 its likely course of future development. For the
                 historians and sociologists, in contrast, science is
                 there to be studied diachronically, as a process, on
                 the one hand, and synchronically, as a social
                 institution, on the other. As for the philosophers,
                 finally, their contribution to this series is not meant
                 to remain within the confines of what is usually seen
                 as the philosophy of science proper, or to be limited
                 to the analysis of the scientific mode of reasoning and
                 thinking: it is allowed, indeed encouraged, to
                 encompass alter native, and on occasion even competing,
                 modes of thought.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  series-URL =   "https://link.springer.com/bookseries/5710",
  subject =      "Philosophy (General); Science; Philosophy; History;
                 History.; Philosophy.",
  tableofcontents = "On the Empirical Application of Mathematics and
                 Some of its Philosophical Aspects / Stephan K{\"o}rner
                 / 1 \\
                 On the Empirical Application of Mathematics: A Comment
                 / Haim Gaifman / 13 \\
                 Meaning and Our Mental Life / Hilary Putnam / 17 \\
                 Meaning and Our Mental Life: A Comment / Eddy M. Zemach
                 / 33 \\
                 The Persecution of Absolutes: On the Kantian and
                 Neo-Kantian Theories of Science / Amos Funkenstein / 39
                 \\
                 Origin and Spontaneity: A Comment / Nathan Rotenstreich
                 / 65 \\
                 Cognitive Illusions in Judgment and Choice / Amos
                 Tversky / 75 \\
                 The Past of an Illusion: A Comment / Avishai Margalit /
                 89 \\
                 Molecular Genetics and the Falsifiability of Evolution
                 / Bernard D. Davis / 95 \\
                 On Experimental Approaches and Evolution: A Comment /
                 Yadin Dudai / 111 \\
                 Darwin's Principle of Divergence as Internal Dialogue /
                 David Kohn / 117 \\
                 On Darwin's Principle of Divergence: A Comment / Silvan
                 S. Schweber / 133 \\
                 Molecular versus Biological Evolution and Programming /
                 Henri Atlan / 137 \\
                 Gamow's Theory of Alpha-Decay / Roger H. Stuewer / 147
                 \\
                 On Gamow's Theory of Alpha-Decay: A Comment / Harry J.
                 Lipkin / 187 \\
                 The Group Construction of Scientific Knowledge:
                 Gentlemen-Specialists and the Devonian Controversy /
                 Martin J. S. Rudwick / 193 \\
                 On the Devonian Controversy: A Comment / Silvan S.
                 Schweber / 219 \\
                 Knowledge and Power in the Sciences / Everett
                 Mendelsohn / 225 \\
                 Knowledge and Power in the Sciences: A Comment / Yaron
                 Ezrahi / 241 \\
                 Index of Names / 247.",
}

@Book{Ullmann-Margalit:1986:PSI,
  editor =       "Edna Ullmann-Margalit",
  booktitle =    "The Prism of Science: The {Israel Colloquium}: Studies
                 in History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science.
                 {Volume 2}",
  title =        "The Prism of Science: The {Israel Colloquium}: Studies
                 in History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science.
                 {Volume 2}",
  volume =       "95(2)",
  publisher =    pub-REIDEL,
  address =      pub-REIDEL:adr,
  bookpages =    "ix + 250",
  pages =        "ix + 250",
  year =         "1986",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4566-1",
  ISBN =         "90-277-2160-2, 90-277-2161-0 (paperback),
                 94-009-4566-3 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-277-2160-0, 978-90-277-2161-7 (paperback),
                 978-94-009-4566-1 (e-book)",
  ISSN =         "0068-0346",
  ISSN-L =       "0068-0346",
  LCCN =         "Q174 .B67 vol. 95 Q175",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 3 11:07:24 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bsphs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       ser-BOSTON-STUD-PHILOS-SCI,
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-94-009-4566-1;
                 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-009-4566-1",
  abstract =     "This is the second volume of Proceedings of the Israel
                 Colloquium for the History, Philosophy and Sociology of
                 Science. At the time that this preface is being
                 written, the fourth annual series of lectures within
                 the framework of the Israel Colloquium is already
                 behind us and the fifth is underway. The Israel
                 Colloquium thus has now not only a future to look
                 forward to but also a past which is a source of pride
                 and pleasure for those who take part in this venture.
                 The Israel Colloquium has, I believe, struck roots in
                 the Israeli scientific and intellectual life, while
                 drawing on the ever-increasing readiness of the
                 international scientific and intellectual community for
                 continuous support. As in the first volume, here too
                 the papers presented, taken together, attempt a
                 threefold representation of science and of the
                 scientific activity: the historical, the social, and
                 the systematic. A novel focal point in this volume is
                 the treatment of some case studies illuminating
                 historical, social, and philosophical aspects of
                 medicine. Another center of gravity here is the
                 Eddington Centennial Symposium which was a main event
                 in the Colloquium activity of the 1982--83 series. This
                 is a fitting place for me to report with sorrow the
                 untimely death in the summer of 1984 of Solly G. Cohen,
                 one of Israel's leading scientists, who is among the
                 contributors to this volume.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  series-URL =   "https://link.springer.com/bookseries/5710",
  subject =      "Science; Philosophy; History",
  tableofcontents = "Front Matter / i--ix \\
                 Metamorphoses of the Scientist in Utopia / Frank Manuel
                 / 1--16 \\
                 Metamorphoses of the Scientist in Utopia: A Comment /
                 Miriam Eliav-Feldon / 17--20 \\
                 The Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought:
                 Skepticism, Science and Millenarianism / Richard Popkin
                 / 21--50 \\
                 The Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought: A
                 Comment / Michael Heyd / 51--56 \\
                 Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism / G. A.
                 Cohen / 57--83 \\
                 Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism: A
                 Comment / Baruch Knei-Paz / 85--92 \\
                 Practical Reasoning / David Pears / 93--106 \\
                 Practical Reasoning --- The Bottom Line: A Comment /
                 Edna Ullmann-Margalit / 107--111 \\
                 Medicine and the Boer War Social and Political
                 Consequences / Emanoel C. G. Lee / 113--139 \\
                 Medicine and the Boer War a Comment / Eran Dolev /
                 141--145 \\
                 Koch's Bacillus: Was There a Technological Fix? /
                 Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz / 147--160 \\
                 Koch's Bacillus a Comment / Pnina Abir--Am / 161--164
                 \\
                 Can Genetics Explain Development? / Raphael Falk /
                 165--180 \\
                 Eddington Centennial Symposium \\
                 Opening Remarks / Shmuel Sambursky / 181--182 \\
                 The Nature of the Physical World Revisited / Solly G.
                 Cohen / 183--194 \\
                 Eddington and the Large Numbers / Jacob Shaham /
                 195--207 \\
                 The Fine-Structure Constant: From Eddington's Time to
                 Our Own / Jacob D. Bekenstein / 209--224 \\
                 Eddington and Einstein / John Stachel / 225--250",
}

@Book{Mark:1988:EPW,
  editor =       "Hans Mark and Lowell Wood",
  booktitle =    "Energy in physics, war and peace: a festschrift
                 celebrating {Edward Teller}'s 80th birthday",
  title =        "Energy in physics, war and peace: a festschrift
                 celebrating {Edward Teller}'s 80th birthday",
  publisher =    pub-KLUWER,
  address =      pub-KLUWER:adr,
  bookpages =    "vi + 403",
  pages =        "vi + 403",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "90-277-2775-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-277-2775-6",
  LCCN =         "QC71 .E62 1988",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 06:58:02 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 library.mit.edu:9909/mit01;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Fundamental theories of physics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edward Teller (1908--2003)",
  remark =       "Published in cooperation with Balaban Publishers.",
  subject =      "Physics; Force and energy; Nuclear explosions; Teller,
                 Edward; Physicists; United States; Biography",
  subject-dates = "1908--2003",
}

@Book{Bertotti:1990:MCR,
  editor =       "B. Bertotti and R. Balbinot and S. Bergia and A.
                 Messina",
  booktitle =    "Modern Cosmology in Retrospect",
  title =        "Modern Cosmology in Retrospect",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xx + 426",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-521-37213-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-37213-8",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .M774 1990",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 1 08:43:03 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bjhs.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam024/90041803.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam028/90041803.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Cosmology; History",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Part I. The General Framework: \\
                 1. Cosmology, a peculiar science / B. Bertotti \\
                 2. The early years / J. D. North \\
                 Part II. Riddles of and Clues to Cosmology: \\
                 3. Olbers' paradox in recent times / E. Harrison \\
                 4. The part played by Mach's Principle in the genesis
                 of relativistic cosmology / J. B. Barbour \\
                 5. The mysterious lore of large numbers / J. D. Barrow
                 \\
                 Part III. Geometrical and Physical Cosmology: \\
                 6. Innovation, resistance and change: the transition to
                 the expanding universe / G. F. R. Ellis \\
                 7. Early inhomogeneous cosmological models in
                 Einstein's theory // A. Krasinski \\
                 8. Early work on `big-bang' cosmology and the cosmic
                 blackbody radiation / R. A. Alpher and R. Herman \\
                 9. Deciphering the nuclear ashes of the early universe:
                 a personal perspective / R. V. Wagoner \\
                 Part IV. The Great Cosmological Debates: \\
                 10. The cosmological scene 1945--1952 / H. Bondi \\
                 11. Personal recollections: some lessons for the future
                 / W. McCrea \\
                 12. An assessment of the evidence against the
                 steady-state theory / F. Hoyle \\
                 13. Steady-state cosmology, the arrow of time, and
                 Hoyle and Narlikar's theories / J. M. Sanchez-Ron \\
                 Part V. Cosmological Observations and Discoveries: \\
                 14. The observational approach to cosmology: US
                 observatories pre-World War II / D. E. Osterbrock \\
                 15. Discovery of the cosmic microwave background // R.
                 M. Wilson \\
                 16. The entry of radio astronomy into cosmology: radio
                 stars and Martin Ryle's 2C survey / W. T. Sullivan, III
                 \\
                 17. Radio source counts / P. Scheuer \\
                 18. Discovery of quasars / M. Schmidt \\
                 19. History of dark matter in the universe (1922--1974)
                 / V. Trimble \\
                 Part VI. Dramatis Personae: \\
                 20. Carl Wilhelm Wirtz --- a pioneer in observational
                 cosmology / W. C. Seitter and H. W. Duerbeck \\
                 21. Cosmic rays and cosmological speculations in the
                 1920s: the debate between Jeans and Millikan / M. De
                 Maria and A. Russo \\
                 22. Sinclair Smith (1899--1938) / V. Trimble \\
                 23. Revisiting Fritz Zwicky / A. Braccesi",
}

@Book{Leslie:1990:PCP,
  editor =       "John Leslie",
  booktitle =    "Physical Cosmology and Philosophy",
  title =        "Physical Cosmology and Philosophy",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 277",
  year =         "1990",
  ISBN =         "0-02-370021-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-02-370021-7",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .P563 1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 08:25:39 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Philosophical topics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Cosmology; Philosophy",
}

@Book{Ferris:1991:WTP,
  editor =       "Timothy Ferris and Clifton Fadiman",
  booktitle =    "The world treasury of physics, astronomy, and
                 mathematics",
  title =        "The world treasury of physics, astronomy, and
                 mathematics",
  publisher =    pub-LITTLE-BROWN,
  address =      pub-LITTLE-BROWN:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 859",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-316-28129-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-316-28129-4",
  LCCN =         "QC71 .W67 1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 29 11:20:43 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/mandelbrot-benoit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/u/ulam-stanislaw-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Foreword by Clifton Fadiman.",
  abstract =     "An astonishing cast of more than ninety renowned
                 writers provides thoughtful and lucid reflections on
                 some of the major scientific topics of our time ---
                 from black holes and galaxies to artificial
                 intelligence and chaos theory. Featuring essays,
                 articles, and poems penned by notables in the worlds of
                 both science and literature, this unique book will
                 delight the science enthusiast and the inquisitive
                 general reader alike.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Physics; Astronomy; Mathematics; Science; Philosophy;
                 Physicists; Biography; Astronomers; Mathematicians",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword / ix \\
                 Preface / xi \\
                 Part 1: Realm of the Atom \\
                 Atoms and quarks \\
                 Atoms in motion / Richard P. Feynman / 3 \\
                 Large and the small / Kenneth W. Ford / 18 \\
                 Gay tribe of electrons / George Gamow / 38 \\
                 Radioactive substances / Pierre Curie / 50 \\
                 $E = m c^2$ / Albert Einstein / 56 \\
                 Man who listened / Robert P. Crease and Charles C. Mann
                 / 60 \\
                 Theory of electrons and positrons / Paul A. M. Dirac /
                 80 \\
                 Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory / Werner
                 Heisenberg / 86 \\
                 Uncertainty and complementarity / Heinz R. Pagels / 97
                 \\
                 Schr{\"o}dinger's cat / Heinz R. Pagels / 111 \\
                 Unified theory of physics / Timothy Ferris / 116 \\
                 Butterflies and super strings / Freeman J. Dyson / 128
                 \\
                 Time and space \\
                 Distinction of past and future / Richard P. Feynman /
                 147 \\
                 Second law of thermodynamics / Max Planck / 163 \\
                 Age of the elements / David N. Schramm / 170 \\
                 Two masses / Isaac Asimov / 184 \\
                 Einstein's law of gravitation / Bertrand Russell / 194
                 \\
                 Black holes / Roger Penrose / 203 \\
                 Black holes ain't so black / Stephen W. Hawking / 226
                 \\
                 Part 2: Wider Universe \\
                 Sun and beyond \\
                 Total eclipse / Annie Dillard / 241 \\
                 Astride the comet / Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan / 254 \\
                 Cosmic terrorist / Richard Muller / 261 \\
                 I think I see it / Richard Muller / 268 \\
                 Classifying the stars / Annie J. Cannon / 272 \\
                 How a supernova explodes / Hans A. Bethe and Gerald
                 Brown / 277 \\
                 Measuring the universe / Harlow Shapley / 292 \\
                 Milky Way galaxy / Bart J. Bok / 299 \\
                 Structure of the universe \\
                 Cosmology: the quest to understand the creation and
                 expansion of the universe / Allan Sandage / 321 \\
                 Exploration of space / Edwin Hubble / 335 \\
                 Spherical space / Arthur Stanley Eddington / 346 \\
                 Primeval atom / Georges Lema{\^\i}tre / 360 \\
                 New physics and the universe / James Trefil / 365\\
                 Let there be light: modern cosmogony and biblical
                 creation / Owen Gingerich / 378 \\
                 Beginnings and endings \\
                 First three minutes / Steven Weinberg / 395 \\
                 Magic furnace / Harald Fritzsch / 410 \\
                 Origin of the universe / Alan Lightman / 419 \\
                 How will the world end? / John D. Barrow and Joseph
                 Silk / 425 \\
                 Part 3: Cosmos of Numbers \\
                 About mathematics \\
                 Mathematician's apology / Godfrey Harold Hardy / 431
                 \\
                 Mathematics and creativity / Alfred Adler / 435 \\
                 How long is the coast of Britain? / Beno{\^\i}t B.
                 Mandelbrot / 447 \\
                 Chaos / James Gleick / 456 \\
                 Artificial intelligence and all that \\
                 Computers / Lewis Thomas / 475 \\
                 Computer and the brain / John von Neumann / 478 \\
                 Can a machine think? / Alan Turing / 492 \\
                 Math angst \\
                 Loss of certainty / Morris Kline / 520 \\
                 Unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the
                 natural sciences / Eugene P. Wigner / 526 \\
                 What is mathematics? / John D. Barrow / 541 \\
                 Limits of mathematics / Philip J. Davis and Reuben
                 Hersh / 559 \\
                 Part 4: Ways of Science \\
                 Scientists' lives and works \\
                 Albert Einstein / John Archibald Wheeler / 563 \\
                 Autobiographical notes / Albert Einstein / 577 \\
                 Tribute to Max Planck / Albert Einstein / 590 \\
                 Rutherford / C. P. Snow / 591 \\
                 Dirac / Jagdish Mehra / 603 \\
                 Hilbert / Paul A. M. Dirac / 604 \\
                 Quest for order / John Tierney / 605 \\
                 Legend of John von Neumann / P. R. Halmos / 614 \\
                 On the beach / Andrew Hodges / 629 \\
                 Ramanujan and Pi / Jonathan M. Borwein and Peter B.
                 Borwein / 647 \\
                 Paul Erd{\H{o}}s: mathematician / Lee Dembart / 660 \\
                 Man of science-Abdus Salam / Nigel Calder / 665 \\
                 Two shakers of physics: memorial lecture for Sin-itiro
                 Tomonaga / Julian Schwinger / 675 \\
                 Robert Wilson and the building of Fermilab / Philip J.
                 Hilts / 696 \\
                 Los Alamos / Stanis{\l}aw M. Ulam / 705 \\
                 Coming into my own / Luis W. Alvarez / 730 \\
                 Two cultures / C. P. Snow / 741 \\
                 Women in science / Vivian Gornick / 747 \\
                 Iron / Primo Levi / 651 \\
                 Poetry of science / 762 \\
                 When I heard the learn'd astronomer / Walt Whitman /
                 762 \\
                 ``I am like a slip of comet \ldots{}'' / Gerard Manley
                 Hopkins / 762 \\
                 Arcturus / Emily Dickinson / 763 \\
                 Star-swirls / Robinson Jeffers / 764 \\
                 Galaxy / Richard Ryan / 765 \\
                 Molecular evolution / James Clerk Maxwell / 766 \\
                 Atomic architecture / A. M. Sullivan / 767 \\
                 Seeing things / Howard Nemerov / 768 \\
                 Cosmic gall / John Updike / 768 \\
                 Nomad / Anthony Piccione / 769 \\
                 Little cosmic dust poem / John Haines / 770 \\
                 Connoisseur of chaos / Wallace Stevens / 771 \\
                 ``The Kings of the world \ldots{}'' / Rainer Maria
                 Rilke / 772 \\
                 Windy planet / Annie Dillard / 773 \\
                 Space shuttle / Diane Ackerman / 774 \\
                 Epistemology / Richard Wilbur / 775 \\
                 What science says to truth / William Watson / 775 \\
                 From ``An essay on man'' / Alexander Pope / 776 \\
                 True enough: to the physicist / Johann Wolfgang von
                 Goethe / 776 \\
                 About Planck time / George Bradley / 777 \\
                 Observatory ode / John Frederick Nims / 778 \\
                 Philosophy and science \\
                 Nature of science / Isaac Asimov / 781 \\
                 Art of discovery / Horace Freeland Judson / 784 \\
                 Structure of scientific revolutions / Thomas S. Kuhn /
                 787 \\
                 Logic of scientific discovery / Karl Popper / 795 \\
                 Causality and complementarity / Niels Bohr / 801 \\
                 From ``Letters to Max Born'' / Albert Einstein / 808
                 \\
                 Black magic and white magic / Jacob Bronowski / 810 \\
                 Positivism, metaphysics, and religion / Werner
                 Heisenberg / 821 \\
                 Science and religion / Albert Einstein / 828 \\
                 Acknowledgments / 837 \\
                 Index / 849",
}

@Book{Kragh:1996:CCH,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  booktitle =    "Cosmology and Controversy: the Historical Development
                 of Two Theories of the Universe",
  title =        "Cosmology and Controversy: the Historical Development
                 of Two Theories of the Universe",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 500",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-691-02623-8 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-02623-7 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .K73 1996",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 5 13:02:10 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/physperspect.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/shps-b.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/prin031/96005612.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/prin031/96005612.html",
  abstract =     "For over three millennia, most people could understand
                 the universe only in terms of myth, religion, and
                 philosophy. Between 1920 and 1970, cosmology
                 transformed into a branch of physics. With this
                 remarkably rapid change came a theory that would
                 finally lend empirical support to many long-held
                 beliefs about the origins and development of the entire
                 universe: the theory of the big bang. In this book,
                 Helge Kragh presents the development of scientific
                 cosmology for the first time as a historical event, one
                 that embroiled many famous scientists in a controversy
                 over the very notion of an evolving universe with a
                 beginning in time. In rich detail he examines how the
                 big-bang theory drew inspiration from and eventually
                 triumphed over rival views, mainly the steady-state
                 theory and its concept of a stationary universe of
                 infinite age. In the 1920s, Alexander Friedmann and
                 Georges Lemaitre showed that Einstein's general
                 relativity equations possessed solutions for a universe
                 expanding in time. Kragh follows the story from here,
                 showing how the big-bang theory evolved, from Edwin
                 Hubble's observation that most galaxies are receding
                 from us, to the discovery of the cosmic microwave
                 background radiation. Sir Fred Hoyle proposed instead
                 the steady-state theory, a model of dynamic equilibrium
                 involving the continuous creation of matter throughout
                 the universe. Although today it is generally accepted
                 that the universe started some ten billion years ago in
                 a big bang, many readers may not fully realize that
                 this standard view owed much of its formation to the
                 steady-state theory. By exploring the similarities and
                 tensions between the theories, Kragh provides the
                 reader with indispensable background for understanding
                 much of today's commentary about our universe.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Cosmology; History",
  tableofcontents = "1. Background: From Einstein to Hubble / 3 \\
                 2. Lema{\^\i}tre's Fireworks Universe / 22 \\
                 2.1. The Discovery of the Expanding Universe / 22 \\
                 2.2. The Primeval Atom / 39 \\
                 2.3. Cosmythologies / 61 \\
                 2.4. The Time Scale Difficulty / 73 \\
                 3. Gamow's Big Bang / 80 \\
                 3.1. Nuclear Physics and Stellar Energy / 81 \\
                 3.2. The Ultimate Nuclear Oven / 101 \\
                 3.2. Cosmology as a Branch of Physics / 123 \\
                 4. The Steady-State Alternative / 142 \\
                 4.1. Stationary Universes and Creation of Matter / 143
                 \\
                 4.2. A Cambridge Trio / 162 \\
                 4.3. Emergence of the Steady-State Theory / 173 \\
                 4.4. Two Steady-State Papers / 179 \\
                 4.5. Elaboration and Initial Response / 186 \\
                 5. Creation and Controversy / 202 \\
                 5.1. Developments and Modifications of Steady-State
                 Theory / 202 \\
                 5.2. Is Cosmology a Science? / 219 \\
                 5.3. Religion, Politics, and the Universe / 251 \\
                 6. The Universe Observed / 269 \\
                 6.1. Observational Challenges / 271 \\
                 6.2. Galaxies and Atomic Nuclei / 288 \\
                 6.3. Implications of Radio Astronomy / 305 \\
                 7. From Controversy to Marginalization / 318 \\
                 7.1. New Observations, New Debates / 319 \\
                 7.2. Relics from the Birth of the Universe / 338 \\
                 7.3. Hoyle's Many Alternatives / 358 \\
                 7.4. The Termination of the Controversy / 373 \\
                 8. Epilogue: Dynamics of a Controversy / 389 \\
                 Appendix I. A Cosmological Chronology, 1917--1971 / 397
                 \\
                 Appendix II. Technical Glossary / 400 \\
                 Notes / 403 \\
                 Bibliography / 447 \\
                 Index / 487",
}

@Proceedings{Harper:1997:GGS,
  editor =       "Eamon Harper and William Carleton Parke and G. D.
                 (George David) Anderson",
  booktitle =    "{The George Gamow Symposium: sponsored by the George
                 Washington University and the Carnegie Institution of
                 Washington, 12 April 1997 [i.e., 1996]}",
  title =        "{The George Gamow Symposium: sponsored by the George
                 Washington University and the Carnegie Institution of
                 Washington, 12 April 1997 [i.e., 1996]}",
  volume =       "129",
  publisher =    "Astronomical Society of the Pacific",
  address =      "San Francisco, CA, USA",
  pages =        "157",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "1-886733-49-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-886733-49-7",
  LCCN =         "QC16.G37 G46 1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Astronomical Society of the Pacific conference
                 series",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ASPC..129.....H",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "George Gamow Symposium (1996: George Washington
                 University)",
  subject =      "Gamow, George; Congresses; Cosmic background
                 radiation; Physicists; United States; Biography",
  subject-dates = "1904--1968",
  tableofcontents = "Washington Conferences on Theoretical Physics
                 (1935--1947) \\
                 Symposium Program \\
                 Opening Addresses: President Trachtenberg, President
                 Maxine Singer, Dr. Fred Saalfeld \\
                 Gamow, Alpha Decay, and the Liquid-Drop Model of the
                 Nucleus / Roger H. Stuewer \\
                 Influence of Gamow on Early Astrophysics and on Early
                 Accelerators in Nuclear Physics / Hans Bethe \\
                 George Gamow and the Big Bang Model. Part 1.
                 Cosmochemistry in the Early Universe / Ralph Alpher \\
                 Part 2. Prediction of the Cosmic Radiation Background /
                 Robert Herman \\
                 Discovery of the Cosmic Background Radiation / Robert
                 Wilson",
}

@Book{Nye:2002:CHS,
  editor =       "Mary Jo Nye",
  booktitle =    "The {Cambridge} history of science: The modern
                 physical and mathematical sciences",
  title =        "The {Cambridge} history of science: The modern
                 physical and mathematical sciences",
  volume =       "5",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xxvii + 678",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-521-57244-4 (vol. 3 : hardback), 0-521-57243-6 (vol.
                 4), 0-521-57199-5 (vol. 5), 0-521-59442-1 (vol. 7)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-57244-6 (vol. 3 : hardback),
                 978-0-521-57243-9 (vol. 4), 978-0-521-57199-9 (vol. 5),
                 978-0-521-59442-4 (vol. 7)",
  LCCN =         "Q125 .C32 2003",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 07:45:13 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0d3l3-aa;
                 http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0d7k4-aa;
                 http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0f4e9-aa;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam021/2001025311.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0731/2001025311-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam033/2001025311.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam026/2001025311.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Complete in 8 volumes. At this time (2002?) only
                 volumes 4 and 5 in preparation. Other volumes are not
                 yet written. Half title page of volume 4 lists all 8
                 volume titles in this multi-part item.",
  subject =      "Science; History; Social sciences",
  tableofcontents = "vol. 3. Early modern science \\
                 vol. 4. Eighteenth-century science / edited by Roy
                 Porter \\
                 vol. 5. The modern physical and mathematical sciences /
                 edited by Mary Jo Nye \\
                 vol. 6. The modern biological and earth sciences /
                 edited by Peter J. Bowler, John vol. Pickstone \\
                 vol. 7. The modern social sciences / edited by Theodore
                 M. Porter, Dorothy Ross",
}

@Book{Kox:2005:UGR,
  editor =       "Anne J. Kox and Jean Eisenstaedt",
  booktitle =    "The universe of {General Relativity}",
  title =        "The universe of {General Relativity}",
  volume =       "11",
  publisher =    pub-BIRKHAUSER,
  address =      pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr,
  pages =        "x + 383",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-8176-4380-X, 0-8176-4454-7 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8176-4380-5, 978-0-8176-4454-3 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.5 .U55 2005",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 29 09:58:31 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Einstein studies",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0663/2005047817-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0602/2005047817.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); History; Congresses; General
                 relativity (Physics); Gravitation; Cosmology; Unified
                 field theories; Einstein, Albert",
  subject-dates = "1879--1955",
}

@Proceedings{Bisnovatyi-Kogan:2007:ACA,
  editor =       "G. S. (Gennadi{\u\i} Semenovich) Bisnovaty{\u\i}-Kogan
                 and S. Silich and E. Terlevich and R. Terlevich and A.
                 Zhuk",
  booktitle =    "{Astrophysics and cosmology after Gamow: proceedings
                 of the Gamow Memorial International Conference}",
  title =        "{Astrophysics and cosmology after Gamow: proceedings
                 of the Gamow Memorial International Conference}",
  publisher =    "Cambridge Scientific Publishers",
  address =      "Cottenham, Cambridge",
  pages =        "ix + 464",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-904868-38-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-904868-38-5",
  LCCN =         "QB460 .G356",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 06:59:44 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "catalog.princeton.edu:7090/voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007acag.conf.....B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "Gamow Memorial International Conference (2004 :
                 Odessa, Ukraine)",
  subject =      "astrophysics; congresses; cosmology",
}

@Book{Hockey:2007:BEA,
  editor =       "Thomas A. Hockey and Virginia Trimble and Katherine
                 Bracher and others",
  booktitle =    "The biographical encyclopedia of astronomers",
  title =        "The biographical encyclopedia of astronomers",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xlv + 1341 (two volumes)",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "0-387-31022-3 (set), 0-387-30400-2 (set: electronic
                 version), 0-387-33628-1 (set: print + electronic
                 bundle)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-31022-0 (set), 978-0-387-30400-7 (set:
                 electronic version), 978-0-387-33628-2 (set: print +
                 electronic bundle)",
  LCCN =         "QB35 .B565 2007",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 08:39:48 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Springer reference",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0814/2008270178-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0824/2008270178-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Astronomers; Biography; Encyclopedias; Astronomes;
                 Biographies; Encyclop{\'e}dies",
}

@Book{Whitfield:2007:WMR,
  editor =       "Donald Whitfield and James L. Hicks",
  booktitle =    "What's the matter?: readings in physics",
  title =        "What's the matter?: readings in physics",
  publisher =    "Great Books Foundation",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "xx + 540",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-880323-91-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-880323-91-5",
  LCCN =         "QC7.5 .W53 2007",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 08:05:52 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "Foreword by Alan Lightman.",
  URL =          "http://store.greatbooks.org/adu-wtm.html",
  abstract =     "\booktitle{What's the matter?} draws readers into the
                 ongoing inquiry about the natural world, providing an
                 overview of how physics has developed through the
                 centuries, in the words of the scientists who made the
                 great discoveries.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Physics; History; Physicists; Study and teaching;
                 Inquiry-based learning; Physik.; Physikgeschichte
                 (Fach); Wissenschaftler.",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Using \booktitle{What's the Mater?} \\
                 About shared inquiry discussion \\
                 Readings and questions \\
                 Richard Feynman / The uncertainty of science \\
                 Aristotle / The science of nature \\
                 Moving things \\
                 Galileo / Falling bodies and projectiles \\
                 Isaac Newton / Forces \\
                 Laws of motion \\
                 Time, space, and motion \\
                 Rules of doing philosophy \\
                 Isaac Newton and Thomas Young / On light \\
                 Count Rumford (Benjamin Thompson) / Heat and friction
                 \\
                 James Prescott Joule / The mechanical equivalent of
                 heat \\
                 Arthur Eddington / Entropy: the running-down of the
                 universe \\
                 Michael Faraday / Induction of electric currents \\
                 On the physical lines of magnetic force \\
                 James Clerk Maxwell / The science of electromagnetism
                 \\
                 Electricity and electromotive force \\
                 A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field \\
                 Max Planck / Extending the theories of physics \\
                 Albert Einstein / The special theory of relativity \\
                 The theory of relativity \\
                 Albert Einstein / $ E = m c^2 $ \\
                 George Gamow / Quantum uncertainty \\
                 Richard Feynman / Quantum behavior \\
                 Werner Heisenberg / The Copenhagen interpretation of
                 quantum theory \\
                 John Polkinghorne / Quantum perplexity and debate \\
                 Steven Weinberg / The origin of the universe \\
                 Steven Weinberg / Beautiful theories: symmetry and
                 mathematics \\
                 Gordon Kane / Why physics is the easiest science:
                 effective theories \\
                 Alan Lightman / Metaphor in science \\
                 Stephen Hawking / Black holes and predictable worlds
                 \\
                 Albert Einstein / The scientist's responsibilities \\
                 Thematic guide / Notes on key terms and concepts \\
                 Bibliography \\
                 Acknowledgments",
}

@Proceedings{Chakrabarti:2009:ACA,
  editor =       "Sandip K. Chakrabarti and G. S. (Gennadi{\u\i}
                 Semenovich) Bisnovaty{\u\i}-Kogan and Alexander I. Zhuk
                 and others",
  booktitle =    "{Astrophysics and cosmology after Gamow: proceedings
                 of the 4th Gamow International Conference on
                 Astrophysics and Cosmology after Gamow and The 9th
                 Gamow Summer School, Odessa, Ukraine, 17--23 August
                 2009}",
  title =        "{Astrophysics and cosmology after Gamow: proceedings
                 of the 4th Gamow International Conference on
                 Astrophysics and Cosmology after Gamow and The 9th
                 Gamow Summer School, Odessa, Ukraine, 17--23 August
                 2009}",
  volume =       "1206",
  publisher =    pub-AIP,
  address =      pub-AIP:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 488",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-7354-0743-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7354-0743-5 (paperback)",
  ISSN =         "0094-243X (print), 1551-7616 (electronic), 1935-0465",
  LCCN =         "QB460 .G37 2009",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 06:04:00 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "AIP conference proceedings",
  URL =          "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1206.....C;
                 http://scitation.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?KEY=APCPCS\%26Volume=1206\%26Issue=1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Dark energy, Observational cosmology, gamma-ray
                 sources; gamma-ray bursts, Ground-based ultraviolet,
                 optical and infrared telescopes, Pulsars",
  meetingname =  "Gamow Memorial International Conference (4th : 2009 :
                 Odesaa, Ukraine)",
  subject =      "Astrophysics; Congresses; Cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "Cosmology, gravitation and high energy physics \\
                 Astronomy and astrophysics",
}

@Book{Rogers:2010:MIS,
  editor =       "Kara Rogers",
  booktitle =    "The 100 Most Influential Scientists of All Time",
  title =        "The 100 Most Influential Scientists of All Time",
  publisher =    "Britannica Educational Publishers, in association with
                 Rosen Educational Services",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "360",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "1-61530-002-3 (library binding)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-61530-002-0 (library binding)",
  LCCN =         "Q162 .A15 2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 28 15:19:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/clerk-maxwell-james.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "The Britannica guide to the world's most influential
                 people",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Science; Popular works; History; Scientists;
                 Biography",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Asclepius \\
                 Hippocrates \\
                 Aristotle \\
                 Pliny the Elder \\
                 Ptolemy \\
                 Galen of Pergamum \\
                 Avicenna \\
                 Roger Bacon \\
                 Leonardo da Vinci \\
                 Nicolaus Copernicus \\
                 Paracelsus \\
                 Andreas Vesalius \\
                 Tycho Brahe \\
                 Giordano Bruno \\
                 Galileo \\
                 Johannes Kepler \\
                 William Harvey \\
                 Robert Boyle \\
                 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek \\
                 Robert Hooke \\
                 John Ray \\
                 Sir Isaac Newton \\
                 Carolus Linnaeus \\
                 Henry Cavendish \\
                 Joseph Priestley \\
                 Luigi Galvani \\
                 Sir William Herschel \\
                 Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier \\
                 Pierre-Simon Laplace \\
                 Edward Jenner \\
                 John Dalton \\
                 Georges Cuvier \\
                 Alexander von Humboldt \\
                 Andr{\'e}-Marie Amp{\'e}re \\
                 Amedeo Avogadra \\
                 Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac \\
                 Sir Humphry Davy \\
                 J{\"o}ns Jacob Berzelius \\
                 John James Audubon \\
                 Michael Faraday \\
                 Sir Charles Lyell \\
                 Louis Agassiz \\
                 Charles Darwin \\
                 Sir Francis Galton \\
                 Gregor Mendel \\
                 Louis Pasteur \\
                 Alfred Russel Wallace \\
                 William Thomson \\
                 Joseph Lister \\
                 James Clerk Maxwell \\
                 Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev \\
                 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov \\
                 A. A. Michelson \\
                 Robert Koch \\
                 Sigmund Freud \\
                 Max Planck \\
                 Nettie Maria Stevens \\
                 William Bateson \\
                 Pierre Curie \\
                 Marie Curie \\
                 Henrietta Swan Leavitt \\
                 Ernest Rutherford \\
                 Carl Jung \\
                 Albert Einstein \\
                 Alfred Lothar Wegener \\
                 Sir Alexander Fleming \\
                 Niels Bohr \\
                 Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger \\
                 Selman Abraham Waksman \\
                 Edwin Powell Hubble \\
                 Linus Pauling \\
                 Enrico Fermi \\
                 Margaret Mead \\
                 Barbara McClintock \\
                 Leakey Family \\
                 George Gamow \\
                 J. Robert Oppenheimer \\
                 Hans Bethe \\
                 Maria Goeppert Mayer \\
                 Rachel Carson \\
                 Jacques-Yves Cousteau \\
                 Luis W. Alvarez \\
                 Alan M. Turing \\
                 Norman Ernest Borlaug \\
                 Jonas Edward Salk \\
                 Sir Fred Hoyle \\
                 Francis Harry Compton Crick \\
                 James Dewey Watson \\
                 Richard P. Feynman \\
                 Rosalind Franklin \\
                 Edward O. Wilson \\
                 Jane Goodall \\
                 Sir Harold W. Kroto \\
                 Richard E. Smalley \\
                 Robert F. Curl, Jr. \\
                 Stephen Jay Gould \\
                 Stephen W. Hawking \\
                 J. Craig Venter \\
                 Francis Collins \\
                 Steven Pinker",
}

@Book{Baaz:2011:KGF,
  editor =       "Matthias Baaz and Christos H. Papadimitriou and Hilary
                 W. Putnam and Dana S. Scott and Charles L. {Harper,
                 Jr.}",
  booktitle =    "{Kurt G{\"o}del} and the Foundations of Mathematics:
                 Horizons of Truth",
  title =        "{Kurt G{\"o}del} and the Foundations of Mathematics:
                 Horizons of Truth",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 515",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-521-76144-1 (print), 0-511-97423-X (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-76144-4 (print), 978-0-511-97423-6
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA9.65 .K87 2011",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 20 17:52:18 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lanczos-cornelius.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "This volume commemorates the life, work, and
                 foundational views of Kurt G{\"o}del (1906-1978), most
                 famous for his hallmark works on the completeness of
                 first-order logic, the incompleteness of number theory,
                 and the consistency --- with the other widely accepted
                 axioms of set theory --- of the axiom of choice and of
                 the generalized continuum hypothesis. It explores
                 current research, advances, and ideas for future
                 directions not only in the foundations of mathematics
                 and logic, but also in the fields of computer science,
                 artificial intelligence, physics, cosmology,
                 philosophy, theology, and the history of science. The
                 discussion is supplemented by personal reflections from
                 several scholars who knew G{\"o}del personally,
                 providing some interesting insights into his life. By
                 putting his ideas and life's work into the context of
                 current thinking and perceptions, this book will extend
                 the impact of G{\"o}del's fundamental work in
                 mathematics, logic, philosophy, and other disciplines
                 for future generations of researchers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "G{\"o}del's theorem; Mathematics; Philosophy;
                 G{\"o}del, Kurt",
  tableofcontents = "Part I. Historical Context --- G{\"o}del's
                 Contributions and Accomplishments: \\
                 1. The impact of G{\"o}del's incompleteness theorems on
                 mathematics / Angus Macintyre \\
                 2. Logical hygiene, foundations, and abstractions:
                 diversity among aspects and options / Georg Kreisel \\
                 3. The reception of G{\"o}del's 1931 incompletabilty
                 theorems by mathematicians, and some logicians, to the
                 early 1960s / Ivor Grattan-Guinness \\
                 4. 'Dozent G{\"o}del will not lecture' / Karl Sigmund
                 \\
                 5. G{\"o}del's thesis: an appreciation / Juliette C.
                 Kennedy \\
                 6. Lieber Herr Bernays!, Lieber Herr G{\"o}del!
                 G{\"o}del on finitism, constructivity, and Hilbert's
                 program / Solomon Feferman \\
                 7. Computation and intractability: echoes of Kurt
                 G{\"o}del / Christos H. Papadimitriou \\
                 8. From the entscheidungsproblem to the personal
                 computer --- and beyond / B. Jack Copeland \\
                 9. G{\"o}del, Einstein, Mach, Gamow, and Lanczos:
                 G{\"o}del's remarkable excursion into cosmology /
                 Wolfgang Rindler \\
                 10. Physical unknowables // Karl Svozil \\
                 Part II. A Wider Vision --- The Interdisciplinary,
                 Philosophical, And Theological Implications of
                 G{\"o}del's Work: \\
                 11. G{\"o}del and physics / John D. Barrow \\
                 12. G{\"o}del, Thomas Aquinas, and the unknowability of
                 God / Denys A. Turner \\
                 13. G{\"o}del's mathematics of philosophy / Piergiorgio
                 Odifreddi \\
                 14. G{\"o}del's ontological proof and its variants /
                 Petr H{\'a}jek \\
                 15. The G{\"o}del theorem and human nature / Hilary
                 Putnam \\
                 16. G{\"o}del, the mind, and the laws of physics /
                 Roger Penrose \\
                 Part III. New Frontiers --- Beyond G{\"o}del's Work in
                 Mathematics and Symbolic Logic: \\
                 17. G{\"o}del's functional interpretation and its use
                 in current mathematics / Ulrich Kohlenbach \\
                 18. My forty years on his shoulders / Harvey M.
                 Friedman \\
                 19. My interaction with Kurt G{\"o}del: the man and his
                 work / Paul J. Cohen \\
                 20. The transfinite universe / W. Hugh Woodin \\
                 21. The G{\"o}del phenomena in mathematics: a modern
                 view / Avi Wigderson",
}

@Book{Hawking:2011:DSM,
  editor =       "Stephen Hawking",
  booktitle =    "The dreams that stuff is made of: the most astounding
                 papers on quantum physics --- and how they shook the
                 scientific world",
  title =        "The dreams that stuff is made of: the most astounding
                 papers on quantum physics --- and how they shook the
                 scientific world",
  publisher =    "Running Press",
  address =      "Philadelphia, PA, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 1071",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-7624-3434-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7624-3434-3",
  LCCN =         "QC173.98 .D74 2011",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 22 14:07:32 MDT 2013",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  abstract =     "Collects several historic scientific papers that
                 served to establish quantum theory and fundamentally
                 alter the scientific understanding of physical reality
                 and the universe.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "quantum theory; history; physics",
  tableofcontents = "On the law of distribution of energy in the normal
                 spectrum / Max Planck \\
                 On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and
                 transformation of light / Albert Einstein \\
                 The atomic theory of matter / Max Planck \\
                 The scattering of alpha and beta particles by matter
                 and the structure of the atom / Ernest Rutherford \\
                 On the constitution of atoms and molecules / Niels Bohr
                 \\
                 The structure of the atom / Niels Bohr \\
                 Excerpts from \booktitle{The physical principles of the
                 quantum theory} / Werner Heisenberg \\
                 The development of quantum mechanics / Werner
                 Heisenberg \\
                 Quantisation as an eigenvalue problem, parts 1--4 /
                 Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger \\
                 The quantum theory of the electron / Paul A. M. Dirac
                 \\
                 On the connection between spin and statistics /
                 Wolfgang Pauli \\
                 Exclusion principle and quantum mechanics / Wolfgang
                 Pauli \\
                 Statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics / Max
                 Born \\
                 The present situation in quantum mechanics / Erwin
                 Schr{\"o}dinger \\
                 Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality
                 be considered complete? / Albert Einstein, Boris
                 Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen \\
                 Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality
                 be considered complete? / Niels Bohr \\
                 A suggested interpretation of the quantum theory in
                 terms of `hidden' variables 1 / by David Bohm \\
                 A suggested interpretation of the quantum theory in
                 terms of `hidden' variables 2 / by David Bohm \\
                 On the Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen paradox / John Bell
                 \\
                 The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of
                 radiation / Paul A. M. Dirac \\
                 The Lagrangian method in quantum mechanics / Paul A. M.
                 Dirac \\
                 On quantum electrodynamics / Paul A. M. Dirac, V. A.
                 Flock, and Boris Podolsky \\
                 Foundations of the new field theory / Max Born and
                 Leopold Infeld \\
                 Electron theory / J. Robert Oppenheimer \\
                 Fine structure of the hydrogen atom by a microwave
                 method / Willis Lamb and Robert Rutherford \\
                 The electromagnetic shift of energy levels / Hans Bethe
                 \\
                 On a relativistically invariant formulation of the
                 quantum theory of wave fields / Sin-Itiro Tomonaga \\
                 Space--time approach to quantum electrodynamics /
                 Richard Feynman \\
                 The theory of positrons / Richard Feynman \\
                 The radiation theories of Tomonaga, Schwinger and
                 Feynman / Freeman Dyson \\
                 Problems of atomic dynamics / Max Born \\
                 Excerpts from \booktitle{Thirty Years that Shook
                 Physics} (chapters 1 and 4) / George Gamow \\
                 Excerpts from \booktitle{Lectures on Quantum Mechanics}
                 by Paul A. M. Dirac",
}

@Book{Gilmore:2012:PSS,
  editor =       "Gerard Gilmore",
  booktitle =    "Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems: Solar and stellar
                 planetary systems",
  title =        "Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems: Solar and stellar
                 planetary systems",
  volume =       "5",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  year =         "2012",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5612-0",
  ISBN =         "94-007-5612-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-94-007-5612-0",
  LCCN =         "QB460-466; QB857 .P53 2013",
  bibdate =      "Fri Mar 20 14:35:26 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib",
  abstract =     "This is volume 5 of Planets, Stars and Stellar
                 Systems, a six-volume compendium of modern astronomical
                 research, covering subjects of key interest to the main
                 fields of contemporary astronomy. This volume on
                 `Galactic Structure and Stellar Populations', edited by
                 Gerard F. Gilmore, presents accessible review chapters
                 on Stellar Populations, Chemical Abundances as
                 Population Tracers, Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical
                 Enrichment of the Universe, The Stellar and Sub-Stellar
                 Initial Mass Function of Simple and Composite
                 Populations, The Galactic Nucleus, The Galactic Bulge,
                 Open Clusters and Their Role in the Galaxy, Star Counts
                 and the Nature of Galactic Thick Disk, The Infrared
                 Galaxy, Interstellar PAHs and Dust, Galactic Neutral
                 Hydrogen, High-Velocity Clouds, Magnetic Fields in
                 Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galactic Charged Cosmic Rays,
                 Gamma-Ray Emission of Supernova Remnants and the Origin
                 of Galactic Cosmic Rays, Galactic Distance Scales,
                 Globular Cluster Dynamical Evolution, Dynamics of Disks
                 and Warps, Mass Distribution and Rotation Curve in the
                 Galaxy, Dark Matter in the Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal
                 Satellites, and History of Dark Matter in Galaxies. All
                 chapters of the handbook were written by practicing
                 professionals. They include sufficient background
                 material and references to the current literature to
                 allow readers to learn enough about a specialty within
                 astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology to get started on
                 their own practical research projects. In the spirit of
                 the series Stars and Stellar Systems published by
                 Chicago University Press in the 1960s and 1970s, each
                 chapter of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems can stand
                 on its own as a fundamental review of its respective
                 sub-discipline, and each volume can be used as a
                 textbook or recommended reference work for advanced
                 undergraduate or postgraduate courses. Advanced
                 students and professional astronomers in their roles as
                 both lecturers and researchers will welcome Planets,
                 Stars and Stellar Systems as a comprehensive and
                 pedagogical reference work on astronomy, astrophysics
                 and cosmology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Stellar Populations / Rosemary F. G. Wyse \\
                 Chemical Abundances as Population Tracers / Poul Erik
                 Nissen \\
                 Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the
                 Universe / Anna Frebel, John E. Norris \\
                 The Stellar and Sub-Stellar Initial Mass Function of
                 Simple and Composite Populations / Pavel Kroupa,
                 Carsten Weidner \\
                 The Galactic Nucleus / Fulvio Melia \\
                 The Galactic Bulge / R. Michael Rich \\
                 Open Clusters and Their Role in the Galaxy / Eileen D.
                 Friel \\
                 Star Counts and Nature of the Galactic Thick Disk /
                 Yuzuru Yoshii \\
                 The Infrared Galaxy / Ed Churchwell, Robert A. Benjamin
                 \\
                 Interstellar PAHs and Dust / A. G. G. M. Tielens \\
                 Galactic Neutral Hydrogen / John M. Dickey \\
                 High-Velocity Clouds / Bart P. Wakker, Hugo van Woerden
                 \\
                 Magnetic Fields in Galaxies / Rainer Beck, Richard
                 Wielebinski \\
                 Astrophysics of Galactic Charged Cosmic Rays /
                 Antonella Castellina, Fiorenza Donato \\
                 Gamma-Ray Emission of Supernova Remnants and the Origin
                 of Galactic Cosmic Rays / F. A. Aharonian \\
                 Galactic Distance Scales / Michael W. Feast \\
                 Globular Cluster Dynamical Evolution / Melvyn B. Davies
                 \\
                 Dynamics of Disks and Warps / J. A. Sellwood \\
                 Mass Distribution and Rotation Curve in the Galaxy /
                 Yoshiaki Sofue \\
                 Dark Matter in the Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites
                 / Matthew Walker",
}

@Book{Schils:2012:HJW,
  author =       "Ren{\'e} Schils",
  booktitle =    "How {James Watt} invented the copier: forgotten
                 inventions of our great scientists",
  title =        "How {James Watt} invented the copier: forgotten
                 inventions of our great scientists",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 170",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "1-4614-0859-8 (softcover), 1-4614-0860-1 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4614-0859-8 (softcover), 978-1-4614-0860-4
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "T15 .S35513 2012",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 08:42:14 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Inventions; History; Science; Inventors; Biography;
                 Scientists",
  tableofcontents = "Johannes Kepler \\
                 Robert Hooke \\
                 Edmond Halley \\
                 Daniel Bernoulli \\
                 Benjamin Franklin \\
                 Joseph Priestly \\
                 James Watt \\
                 Edward Jenner \\
                 John Dalton \\
                 Thomas Young \\
                 Justus von Liebig \\
                 Charles Darwin \\
                 William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) \\
                 James Clerk Maxwell \\
                 Alexander Graham Bell \\
                 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz \\
                 Svante Arrhenius \\
                 Pierre Curie \\
                 Walther Nernst \\
                 Albert Einstein \\
                 Harlow Shapley \\
                 Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger \\
                 Enrico Fermi \\
                 Rosalind Franklin \\
                 George Gamow",
}

@Book{Fernandez:2013:UMA,
  author =       "Bernard Fernandez and Georges Ripka",
  booktitle =    "Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a
                 Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956",
  title =        "Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a
                 Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 522",
  year =         "2013",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4181-6",
  ISBN =         "1-4614-4180-3 (hardcover), 1-4614-4181-1 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4614-4180-9 (hardcover), 978-1-4614-4181-6
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QC773 .F47 2013",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 23 15:26:52 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  abstract =     "\booktitle{Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic
                 Nucleus} tells the story of how, in the span of barely
                 sixty years, we made a transition from the belief that
                 matter was composed of indivisible atoms, to the
                 discovery that in the heart of each atom lies a nucleus
                 which is ten thousand times smaller than the atom,
                 which nonetheless carries almost all its mass, and the
                 transformations of which involve energies that could
                 never be reached by chemical reactions. It was not a
                 smooth transition. The nature of nuclei, their
                 properties, the physical laws which govern their
                 behaviour, and the possibility of controlling to some
                 extent their transformations, were discovered in
                 discontinuous steps, following paths which occasionally
                 led to errors which in turn were corrected by further
                 experimental discoveries. The story begins in 1896 when
                 radioactivity was unexpectedly discovered and continues
                 up to the nineteen-sixties. The authors describe the
                 spectacular progress made by physics during that time,
                 which not only revealed a new form of matter, namely
                 nuclei, but also modified our way of thinking by
                 developing quantum mechanics and the theory of
                 relativity. The book is written in a clear and non
                 mathematical language which makes it both accessible
                 and instructive to laymen, physicists and students, as
                 well as to historians of science. It delves into
                 subjects which are of utmost importance for the
                 understanding of matter in our universe and for
                 understanding how this knowledge was achieved.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Substantially revised by the authors from the French
                 original, \booktitle{De l atome au noyau. Une approche
                 historique et de la physique nucl{\'e}aire}, Ellipses
                 (2006), and viewed by them as a second edition.",
  subject =      "Nuclear physics; History; stralingschemie;
                 deeltjesfysica; Pure sciences. Natural sciences
                 (general); quarks; History of physics; Nuclear
                 chemistry; wetenschapsgeschiedenis; Physics; fysica;
                 Nuclear physics.",
  tableofcontents = "Radioactivity: The First Puzzles / 1 \\
                 The ``Uranic Rays'' of Henri Becquerel / 1 \\
                 The Discovery / 2 \\
                 Is It Really Phosphorescence? / 4 \\
                 What Is the Nature of the Radiation? / 5 \\
                 A Limited Impact on Scientists and the Public / 6 \\
                 Why 1896? / 7 \\
                 Was Radioactivity Discovered by Chance? / 7 \\
                 Polonium and Radium / 9 \\
                 Marya Sk{\l}odowska / 9 \\
                 Pierre Curie / 10 \\
                 Polonium and Radium: Pierre and Marie Curie Invent
                 Radiochemistry / 11 \\
                 Enigmas / 14 \\
                 Emanation from Thorium / 17 \\
                 Ernest Rutherford / 17 \\
                 Rutherford Studies Radioactivity: $\alpha$- and
                 $\beta$-Rays / 18 \\
                 $\beta$-Rays Are Electrons / 19 \\
                 Rutherford in Montreal: The Radiation of Thorium, the
                 Exponential Decrease / 19 \\
                 ``Induced'' and ``Excited'' Radioactivity / 20 \\
                 Elster and Geitel: The Radioactivity of the Air and of
                 the Earth / 22 \\
                 A Third Type of Ray: $\gamma$-Rays / 24 \\
                 The Emanation of Thorium Is a Gas Belonging to the
                 Argon Family / 24 \\
                 A Proliferation of ``X'' Radiations / 25 \\
                 ``An Enigma, a Deeply Astonishing Subject'' / 26 \\
                 The Puzzle Is Disentangled / 27 \\
                 $\alpha$-Rays Revisited / 29 \\
                 Radioactivity Is an Atomic Decay / 30 \\
                 The Puzzle Is Unravelled: Radioactive Families / 30 \\
                 Where Does the Energy of Radioactivity Come from? \\
                 The Conjecture of Rutherford / 32 \\
                 Experimental Evidence of Transmutation / 35 \\
                 Radioactivity is Understood. Radioactive Families / 35
                 \\
                 Consecrations and Mourning: The End of an Era / 37 \\
                 1903: Henri Becquerel Shares the Nobel Prize with
                 Pierre and Marie Curie / 37 \\
                 The Death of Pierre Curie / 39 \\
                 1908: Rutherford is Awarded the Nobel Prize / 40 \\
                 The Death of Henri Becquerel / 40 \\
                 References / 41 \\
                 A Nucleus at the Heart of the Atom / 47 \\
                 Prehistory of the Atom / 47 \\
                 Eighteenth Century: The Abbot Nollet / 48 \\
                 Beginning of the Nineteenth Century: John Dalton,
                 William Prout, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and Amp{\`e}re /
                 49 \\
                 Do Atoms Really Exist? / 50 \\
                 1865: Loschmidt Estimates the Size of Air Molecules /
                 51 \\
                 Spectral Lines: A First Indication of an Internal
                 Structure of Atoms / 52 \\
                 Jean Perrin Advocates the Reality of Atoms / 52 \\
                 1897: The Electrons Are in the Atom / 55 \\
                 Electric Discharges in Gases, Cathode Rays and the
                 Electron / 55 \\
                 ``Dynamids'': The Atoms of Philipp Lenard / 55 \\
                 Numeric Attempts to Describe Spectral Rays: Balmer and
                 Rydberg / 56 \\
                 J. J. Thomson's First Model: An Atom Consisting
                 Entirely of Electrons / 57 \\
                 A Speculation of Jean Perrin: The Atom Is Like a Small
                 Scale Solar System / 57 \\
                 The ``Saturn'' Model of Hantaro Nagaoka / 58 \\
                 The ``Plum-Pudding'' Atom of J. J. Thomson / 59 \\
                 Charles Barkla Measures the Number of Electrons in an
                 Atom / 60 \\
                 The Scattering of $\alpha$ Particles Makes It Possible
                 to ``See'' a Nucleus in the Atom / 63 \\
                 An Observation of Marie Curie / 63 \\
                 William Henry Bragg: The Slowing Down of
                 $\alpha$-Particles in Matter / 63 \\
                 The ``Scattering'' of $\alpha$-Particles / 65 \\
                 The Nature of the $\alpha$-Particle: An Unresolved
                 Question / 66 \\
                 The First Geiger Counter / 67 \\
                 The Nature of the $\alpha$-Particle / 69 \\
                 Another Way to Count $\alpha$-Particles: Scintillations
                 / 70 \\
                 Back to the Scattering of $\alpha$-Particles / 71 \\
                 The Experiments of Geiger and Marsden / 72 \\
                 Are the Large Deviations Caused by Multiple Small
                 Deviations? / 73 \\
                 Rutherford Invents the Nucleus / 74 \\
                 A Last Ingredient: Moseley Measures the Charge of the
                 Nucleus in the Atom / 77 \\
                 Barkla Creates X-ray Spectroscopy / 77 \\
                 The Diffraction of X-rays: Max von Laue, William Henry
                 and William Lawrence Bragg / 78 \\
                 Henry Moseley Measures the Charge of Nuclei / 79 \\
                 A Paradox / 81 \\
                 References / 83 \\
                 Quantum Mechanics: The Unavoidable Path / 89 \\
                 Branching Off / 89 \\
                 An Improbable Beginning / 91 \\
                 The Peak of Classical Mechanics / 91 \\
                 A Persistent Problem / 92 \\
                 1900: Max Planck Invents the Quantum of the Action / 94
                 \\
                 A Quantum of Action / 96 \\
                 Einstein and Light Quanta / 96 \\
                 The Specific Heat of Solids / 99 \\
                 The First Solvay Council and the Theory of Quanta / 99
                 \\
                 Niels Bohr: The Quanta Are in the Atom / 103 \\
                 Bohr Introduces Quanta in the Theory of the Atom / 103
                 \\
                 ``On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules'' / 105
                 \\
                 Two Other Papers in Bohr's 1913 Trilogy / 108 \\
                 1913--1923: Victories and Setbacks / 109 \\
                 Skepticism, Enthusiasm and Adhesion / 109 \\
                 Confirmation: The Experiment of Franck and Hertz / 110
                 \\
                 A Proliferation of Optical Lines: The Zeeman and Stark
                 Effects / 110 \\
                 Arnold Sommerfeld: Elliptic Orbits and New Quantum
                 Numbers / 111 \\
                 Relativistic Corrections and the Fine Structure
                 Constant / 112 \\
                 A Hoax! / 113 \\
                 A Further Contribution of Einstein: The Interaction
                 Between Radiation and Matter / 113 \\
                 The Stark Effect: A Victory of the Theory of Quanta /
                 114 \\
                 The ``Correspondence Principle'' / 115 \\
                 Kossel, Bohr and the Mendeleev Table / 116 \\
                 The Rare Earths / 118 \\
                 1918, 1921 and 1922: Three Nobel Prizes Attributed to
                 Quanta / 118 \\
                 1925: Spin and the Pauli Principle / 121 \\
                 Wolfgang Pauli / 121 \\
                 Max Born / 122 \\
                 The Stern and Gerlach Experiment / 123 \\
                 The Compton Effect / 124 \\
                 A Strange Explanation of the Zeeman Effect / 125 \\
                 Pauli's Exclusion Principle / 126 \\
                 The ``Spin'' of the Electron / 127 \\
                 Quantum Mechanics / 131 \\
                 Louis de Broglie / 131 \\
                 Heisenberg and Matrix Mechanics / 133 \\
                 New Physics / 135 \\
                 Pauli Applies the New Mechanics to the Spectrum of
                 Hydrogen / 136 \\
                 The Schr{\"o}dinger Equation / 136 \\
                 Heisenberg and Schr{\"o}dinger, Two Sides of the Same
                 Coin / 139 \\
                 The Probabilistic Interpretation of Max Born and the
                 End of Determinism / 139 \\
                 The Pauli Matrices / 141 \\
                 Indistinguishable Particles: Bose-Einstein
                 ``Statistics'' / 141 \\
                 Enrico Fermi: A New ``Statistics'' / 143 \\
                 Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac / 144 \\
                 ``Bosons'' and ``Fermions'' / 147 \\
                 The Uncertainty Relations of Heisenberg / 148 \\
                 Nobel Acknowledgments / 152 \\
                 The Fifth Solvay Council: An Assessment of the New
                 Mechanics / 153 \\
                 The German Language, the Language of Quantum Mechanics
                 / 154 \\
                 A Brief Bibliography / 155 \\
                 References / 157 \\
                 A Timid Infancy / 163 \\
                 The Atomic Nucleus in 1913 / 163 \\
                 The Discovery of Isotopes and the Measurement of Masses
                 of Nuclei / 165 \\
                 The Chemistry of Radioactive Products / 165 \\
                 Frederick Soddy / 166 \\
                 Isotopes / 166 \\
                 The Revival of Positively Charged ``Canal Rays'' / 168
                 \\
                 The First Physical Measurements of Atomic Masses / 168
                 \\
                 Francis Aston and the First Mass Spectrometer / 169 \\
                 The ``Whole Number Law'' and the Old Hypothesis of
                 William Prout / 171 \\
                 The Exceptional Mass of the Hydrogen Atom / 173 \\
                 A Nobel Prize for the ``Whole-Number Rule'' / 175 \\
                 The Atomic Masses Known in 1932: The Binding Energy of
                 Nuclei / 176 \\
                 An Enquiry Full of Surprises: $\beta$ Radioactivity /
                 179 \\
                 The Velocity of the $\beta$ Electrons / 180 \\
                 Otto Hahn / 180 \\
                 Lise Meitner / 182 \\
                 Hahn, Meitner and $\beta$ Radioactivity / 184 \\
                 The First ``$\beta$ Spectrometer'' / 185 \\
                 The Kaiser Wilhelm Institut / 186 \\
                 Clouds Are Gathering / 186 \\
                 James Chadwick: A Continuous $\beta$ Spectrum! / 187
                 \\
                 Is It Really a Continuous Spectrum? / 189 \\
                 In Berlin: The War / 190 \\
                 Lise Meitner Returns to $\beta$ Radioactivity / 190 \\
                 The Decisive Experiment of Charles Ellis / 191 \\
                 A Scandal: Energy May Not Be Conserved! / 193 \\
                 Geiger and Bothe: A ``Coincidence'' Experiment / 193
                 \\
                 The Idea of Wolfgang Pauli / 194 \\
                 But Why Are So Many Spectral Lines Observed? The Key to
                 the Mystery / 196 \\
                 The First Nuclear Reactions / 199 \\
                 The First Nuclear Reaction / 200 \\
                 Sir Ernest Rutherford, Cavendish Professor of Physics /
                 202 \\
                 New Nuclear Reactions / 202 \\
                 A Controversy Between Vienna and Cambridge / 203 \\
                 How Do the Transmutations Occur? / 205 \\
                 The Nucleus in 1920 According to Rutherford / 207 \\
                 The Size of the Nucleus / 208 \\
                 The Constitution of the Nucleus and of Isotopes / 208
                 \\
                 Rutherford the Visionary: The Neutron / 209 \\
                 Chadwick Hunts for New Forces / 210 \\
                 The Rapid Expansion of Experimental Means / 213 \\
                 Scintillation Methods / 213 \\
                 The Point Counter / 214 \\
                 The Geiger--M{\"u}ller Counter / 215 \\
                 A Digression: The Birth and Development of Wireless
                 Radio / 216 \\
                 The Electronically Amplified Ionization Chamber / 217
                 \\
                 Coincidence Measurements / 219 \\
                 The Measurement of the Energy of $\gamma$ Radiation /
                 220 \\
                 A Unique Detector: Wilson's Cloud Chamber / 222 \\
                 The Atomic Nucleus in 1930 / 227 \\
                 Some Certainties and One Enigma / 228 \\
                 At the Beginning of 1932, the Enigma Remains / 231 \\
                 References / 233 \\
                 1930--1940: A Dazzling Development / 241 \\
                 The Nucleus: A New Boundary / 241 \\
                 Quantum Mechanics Acting in the Nucleus / 242 \\
                 Salomon Rosenblum and the Fine Structure of $\alpha$
                 Radioactivity / 244 \\
                 1931: The First International Congress of Nuclear
                 Physics / 246 \\
                 The Discovery of an Exceptional Isotope: Deuterium /
                 249 \\
                 The Discovery of the Neutron / 253 \\
                 Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Ir{\`e}ne Joliot-Curie / 254 \\
                 Protons Are Ejected / 256 \\
                 The Neutron Is Revealed / 257 \\
                 Is the Neutron Lighter or Heavier than the Proton? /
                 258 \\
                 Nuclear Theory After the Discovery of the Neutron / 263
                 \\
                 Werner Heisenberg / 263 \\
                 Ettore Majorana / 267 \\
                 Eugene P. Wigner / 270 \\
                 Do the Protons and Neutrons form Shells as Electrons Do
                 in the Atom? / 271 \\
                 A New Particle: The Positron / 279 \\
                 Cosmic Rays / 279 \\
                 Blackett and Occhialini / 280 \\
                 Carl Anderson Discovers a Positive Electron / 282 \\
                 The Positive Electron of Anderson and that of Dirac /
                 283 \\
                 Ir{\`e}ne and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot-Curie / 286 \\
                 The Birth of Particle Accelerators / 289 \\
                 Direct Acceleration: A High-Voltage Race / 290 \\
                 Acceleration in Steps / 295 \\
                 ``Charge Independence'' of the Nuclear Force / 303 \\
                 The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity / 305 \\
                 The Joliot-Curies After the Solvay Council / 307 \\
                 ``A New Kind of Radioactivity'' / 308 \\
                 The Chemical Proof / 309 \\
                 It Spreads like Wildfire / 310 \\
                 The Importance of the Discovery / 311 \\
                 New Perspectives for Radioactive Indicators / 312 \\
                 The Death of Marie Curie / 313 \\
                 The 1935 Nobel Prizes Are Attributed to Chadwick and to
                 the Joliot-Curies / 314 \\
                 The School of Rome / 315 \\
                 The Theory of $\beta$ Decay / 316 \\
                 Neutron Physics in Rome / 318 \\
                 ``Slow'' Neutrons / 321 \\
                 A New Field in Nuclear Physics / 323 \\
                 Resonances / 324 \\
                 Fermi Is Awarded the Nobel Prize. The End of the Rome
                 Team / 326 \\
                 The Great Exodus of Jewish Scientists Under Nazism /
                 327 \\
                 A Proliferation of Theories: Yukawa, Breit and Wigner,
                 Bohr / 331 \\
                 Hideki Yukawa / 331 \\
                 The First Theories of Nuclear Reactions / 335 \\
                 The Structure of the Nucleus According to Bohr in 1937
                 / 338 \\
                 The Death of a Giant: Ernest Rutherford / 341 \\
                 Hans Bethe Sums Up the Situation in 1936--1937 / 343
                 \\
                 Hans Albrecht Bethe / 343 \\
                 The Structure of Nuclei / 344 \\
                 Nuclear Reactions / 348 \\
                 The Fission of Uranium / 349 \\
                 A Fragile Discovery: The Transuranic Elements / 349 \\
                 Loads of ``Transuranic'' Elements / 352 \\
                 At the Institut du Radium / 354 \\
                 Lise Meitner Flees Nazi Germany / 358 \\
                 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann Set Again to Work / 359
                 \\
                 More and More Disconcerting Results / 360 \\
                 The Word Is Finally Uttered / 363 \\
                 The News Spreads to the United States / 364 \\
                 Confirmations / 365 \\
                 Niels Bohr: The Theory of Fission, Uranium 235 / 368
                 \\
                 The Number of Emitted Neutrons / 370 \\
                 Leo Szilard / 371 \\
                 Is a Chain Reaction Possible? / 372 \\
                 The Last Publications Before the War / 375 \\
                 Francis Perrin and the Critical Mass / 377 \\
                 French Patents / 378 \\
                 References / 381 \\
                 The Upheavals of the Second World War / 395 \\
                 A Chronology / 395 \\
                 The New Face of Physics After the War / 401 \\
                 Big Science: Physics on a Large Scale / 402 \\
                 Team Work / 402 \\
                 The H-Bomb: Political and Military Implications / 403
                 \\
                 The American Supremacy / 404 \\
                 Europe and Japan After the War / 405 \\
                 Is ``Big Science'' Really the Result of the War? / 409
                 \\
                 References / 411 \\
                 The Time of Maturity / 413 \\
                 New Experimental Means / 413 \\
                 New Accelerators Have Ever Increasing Energies / 414
                 \\
                 New Detectors, New Measuring Instruments / 419 \\
                 Data Accumulate / 425 \\
                 The Papers of Bethe / 425 \\
                 Real Transuranic Nuclei / 425 \\
                 The Lifetime of the Neutron / 429 \\
                 Electron Scattering and the Electric Charge
                 Distribution in Nuclei / 430 \\
                 The ``Shell'' Structure of Nuclei / 433 \\
                 A Model of Quasi-independent Particles? / 434 \\
                 The Symmetries and Supermultiplets of Wigner and
                 Feenberg / 434 \\
                 Arguments Put Forth by Maria Goeppert-Mayer / 435 \\
                 The Spin-Orbit Interaction / 436 \\
                 Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen / 437 \\
                 A Paradoxical Model / 438 \\
                 Elastic Scattering and the ``Optical Model'' / 441 \\
                 The Nucleus Is Like a Cloudy Crystal Ball / 442 \\
                 ``Optical'' Attempts / 442 \\
                 The Woods--Saxon ``Optical'' Potential / 443 \\
                 The Computer: A Decisive Instrument / 444 \\
                 Direct Nuclear Reactions / 447 \\
                 The Stripping of a Deuteron / 448 \\
                 Direct Reactions and Reactions Which Proceed Though the
                 Formation of a Compound Nucleus / 452 \\
                 A Collective Behavior / 455 \\
                 Photonuclear Reactions / 455 \\
                 Giant Resonances / 456 \\
                 Are All Nuclei Spherical? / 457 \\
                 The Quadrupole Moment: An Indicator of Nuclear
                 Deformation / 458 \\
                 James Rainwater and Aage Bohr / 458 \\
                 Aage Bohr, the Resolution of a Paradox / 460 \\
                 A Unified Model of the Nucleus / 463 \\
                 Ben Mottelson / 463 \\
                 New Data, New Confirmations / 464 \\
                 Bohr and Mottelson: The Key to Nuclear Spectra / 465
                 \\
                 The Birth of Nuclear Spectroscopy / 467 \\
                 Nobel Awards / 468 \\
                 The Nuclear Force / 469 \\
                 The Discovery of the $\pi$ Meson / 469 \\
                 The $\pi^0$ Completes the Pion Trio / 470 \\
                 The Hard Core / 471 \\
                 Nuclear Matter / 473 \\
                 The Challenge / 473 \\
                 Keith Brueckner, Jeffrey Goldstone, Hans Bethe, and a
                 Few Others / 474 \\
                 Solid Foundations / 475 \\
                 And What About Niels Bohr's Original Objection? / 476
                 \\
                 The End of an Era / 476 \\
                 References / 479 \\
                 Where the Narrative Ends / 487 \\
                 Glossary / 491 \\
                 Bibliography of cited books / 513 \\
                 Index / 521 \\
                 The Periodic Law or Mendeleev table / 530",
}

@Proceedings{Katzir:2013:TTH,
  editor =       "Shaul Katzir and Christoph Lehner and J{\"u}rgen
                 Renn",
  booktitle =    "{Traditions and transformations in the history of
                 quantum physics: HQ-3, Third International Conference
                 on the History of Quantum Physics, Berlin, June
                 28--July 2, 2010}",
  title =        "{Traditions and transformations in the history of
                 quantum physics: HQ-3, Third International Conference
                 on the History of Quantum Physics, Berlin, June
                 28--July 2, 2010}",
  volume =       "5",
  publisher =    "Edition Open Access",
  address =      "Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "352",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "3-8442-5134-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-8442-5134-0",
  LCCN =         "QC173.98",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 29 05:57:30 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dyson-freeman-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/feynman-richard-p.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/meitner-lise.bib",
  series =       "Max Planck research library for the history and
                 development of knowledge. Proceedings",
  URL =          "http://www.edition-open-access.de/proceedings/5/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  meetingname =  "International Conference on the History of Quantum
                 Physics (3rd: 2010: Berlin, Germany)",
  subject =      "Quantum theory; History; Congresses; Quantum theory.",
  tableofcontents = "Theoretical challenges by experimental physics:
                 radiation and its interaction with matter / Shaul
                 Katzir \\
                 Challenging the boundaries between classical and
                 quantum physics: the case of optical dispersion / Marta
                 Jordi Taltavull \\
                 Putting the quantum to work: Otto Sackur's pioneering
                 exploits in the quantum theory of gases / Massimiliano
                 Badino and Bretislav Friedrich \\
                 The concepts of light atoms and light molecules and
                 their final interpretation / Dieter Fick and Horst Kant
                 \\
                 Early interactions of quantum statistics and quantum
                 mechanics / Daniela Monaldi \\
                 Pourparlers for amalgamation: some early sources of
                 quantum gravity research / Dean Rickles \\
                 Superposing dynamos and electrons: electrical
                 engineering and quantum physics in the case of Nishina
                 Yoshio / Kenji Ito \\
                 The origins of Maria G{\"o}ppert's dissertation on
                 two-photon quantum transitions at G{\"o}ttingen's
                 Institutes of Physics 1920--1933 / Barry R. Masters \\
                 An act of creation: the Meitner-Frisch interpretation
                 of nuclear fission / Roger H. Stuewer \\
                 Tsung-Sui Chang's contribution to the quantization of
                 constrained Hamiltonian systems / Xiaodong Yin,
                 Zhongyuan Zhu, Donald C. Salisbury \\
                 Feynman's struggle and Dyson's surprise: the
                 development and early application of a new means of
                 representation / Adrian W{\"u}thrich \\
                 Orthodoxies on the interpretation of quantum theory:
                 the case of the consistent history approach / Olival
                 Freire \\
                 From do-it-yourself quantum mechanics to
                 nanotechnology?: the history of experimental
                 semiconductor physics, 1970--2000 / Christian Kehrt",
}